Locked Down, Locked Out (25 page)

10
“Attica Correctional Facility,” Correctional Association of New York,
www.correctionalassociation.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Attica_3–17-05.pdf
.

11
Creasie Finney Hairston, “Prisons and Families: Parenting Issues During Incarceration,” report of the project From Prison to Home: The Effect of Incarceration and Reentry on Children, Families, and Communities, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services/Urban Institute, 2001. Retrieved from
http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/prison2home02/hairston.htm
.

12
Grant Duwe and Valerie Clark, “Blessed Be the Social Tie That Binds: The Effects of Prison Visitation on Offender Recidivism,”
Criminal Justice Policy Review
, December 6, 2011.

13
“About the Federal Bureau of Prisons,” Federal Bureau of Prisons, US Department of Justice, January 2011. Retrieved from
www.bop.gov/news/PDFs/ipaabout.pdf
.

14
R. Cross, “A Prison’s Family Plan,”
Chicago Tribune
, October 2, 1985.

15
Christopher Hensley, ed.,
Prison Sex: Policy and Practice
(Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Reinner Publishers, 2002), 144.

16
Ibid., 149.

17
Lyons v. Gilligan
, 382 F. Supp. 198 (1972).

Chapter 2 The 100-Year Communication Rewind

1
Elizabeth Greenberg, Eric Dunleavy, and Mark Kutner,
Literacy Behind Bars: Results from the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy Prison Survey
, Report NCES 2007–473 (Washington, D.C.: National Center for Education Statistics, US Department of Education, 2007).

2
Detroit Regional Workforce Fund,
Addressing Detroit’s Basic Skills Crisis
, August 2012. Retrieved from
http://readingworksdetroit.org/basicskills.pdf
.

3
National Center for Education Statistics,
A First Look at the Literacy of America’s Adults in the 21st Century
(Washington, D.C.: National Center for Education Statistics, US Department of Education, 2005).

4
Schirmer, Nellis, and Mauer,
Incarcerated Parents and Their Children
, 2.

5
Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press,
The First Amendment Handbook
, 2011. Retrieved from
www.rcfp.org/first-amendment-handbook/8-access-places/introduction-journalists-right-access-access-prisons-and-pr
.

6
Texas Civil Rights Project,
Banned Books in the Texas Prison System: How the Texas Department of Criminal Justice Censors Books Sent to Prisoners
(Austin: Texas Civil Rights Project, 2011). Retrieved from
www.texascivilrightsproject.org/docs/prisonbooks/TCRP_Prison_Books_Report.pdf
.

7
John Dannenberg and Alex Friedmann, “FCC Order Heralds Hope for Reform of
Prison Phone Industry,”
Prison Legal News
, December 2013.

8
Whet Moser, “The Cost of Phone Calls in Cook County Jail to Drop,”
Chicago Magazine
, December 4, 2012.

9
Brandon Sample, “Increasing Number of Prisoners Obtain Access to Email,”
Prison Legal News
, December 2009.

Chapter 3 On the Homefront

1
Marion Scher, “Stigma: The Mark of Shame,”
South African Psychiatry Review
9, no. 2 (May 2006),
www.cartercenter.org/news/documents/doc2389.html
.

2
Jeremy Travis, Elizabeth Cincotta McBride, and Amy L. Solomon,
Families Left Behind: The Hidden Costs of Incarceration and Reentry
(Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute Justice Policy Center, 2005).

3
Danielle H. Dallaire, “Incarcerated Mothers and Fathers: A Comparison of Risks for Children and Families,”
Family Relations
56, no. 5 (December 2007): 440–53.

4
Reauthorization of Three Programs: The Mentoring of Children of Prisoners Program, the Promoting Safe and Stable Families Program, and the Court Improvement Program, Before the House Committee on Finance
, 109th Cong. (2006) (testimony of Joan E. Ohl).

5
Ernest Drucker,
A Plague of Prisons: The Epidemiology of Mass Incarceration in America
(New York: New Press, 2013), 160.

6
Susan D. Phillips, Wendy Cervantes, Yali Lincroft, Alan J. Dettlaff, and Lara Bruce, eds.,
Children in Harm’s Way: Criminal Justice, Immigration Enforcement, and Child Welfare
(Washington, D.C.: Sentencing Project/First Focus, 2013).

7
Michelle Alexander,
The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness
(New York: New Press, 2010).

8
Dina R. Rose, Todd R. Clear, and Judith A. Ryder,
Drugs, Incarceration and Neighborhood Life: The Impact of Reintegrating Offenders into the Community
(Washington, D.C.: US Department of Justice, 2002).

9
Ibid.

10
Todd R. Clear, Dina R. Rose, Elin Waring, and Kristen Scully, “Coercive Mobility and Crime: A Preliminary Examination of Concentrated Incarceration and Social Disorganization,”
Justice Quarterly
20, no. 1 (March 2003): 33–64.

11
Ibid.

12
Ibid.

13
Dorothy E. Roberts, “The Social and Moral Cost of Mass Incarceration in African American Communities,”
Stanford Law Review
56, no. 5 (April 2004): 1288.

14
Todd R. Clear,
Imprisoning Communities: How Mass Incarceration Makes Disadvantaged Neighborhoods Worse
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2007).

15
Beth Richie,
Arrested Justice: Black Women, Violence, and America’s Prison Nation
(New York: New York University Press, 2012), 99–100.

16
Patricia Tjaden and Nancy Thoennes,
Extent, Nature and Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence: Findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey
(Washington, D.C.: National Institute of Justice, US Department of Justice, and the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, 2000).

17
Richie,
Arrested Justice
, 119.

Chapter 4 “Only Her First Bid”

1
New York State Department of Corrections and Community Supervision,
Parolee Facts
, 2011. Retrieved from
www.parole.ny.gov/program_stats.html
.

2
Pew Center on the States,
State of Recidivism: The Revolving Door of America’s Prisons
(Washington, D.C.: Pew Center on the States, 2013).

3
Matthew R. Durose, Alexia D. Cooper, and Howard N. Snyder,
Recidivism of Prisoners Released in 30 States in 2005: Patterns from 2005 to 2010
(Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Justice Statistics, US Department of Justice, 2014).

4
Judith Greene and Néstor Ríos,
Reducing Recidivism: A Review of Effective State Initiatives
(Brooklyn, N.Y.: Justice Strategies, 2009).

5
Pew Center,
State of Recidivism
.

6
John Tierney, “For Lesser Crimes, Rethinking Life Behind Bars,”
New York Times
, December 11, 2012

7
Pew Charitable Trusts, “States Cut Both Crime and Imprisonment,” December 2013. Retrieved from
www.pewstates.org/research/data-visualizations/states-cut-both-crime-and-imprisonment-85899528171
.

8
National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals,
A National Strategy to Reduce Crime: Final Report
(Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1973), 358 and 597.

9
Rose, Clear, and Ryder,
Drugs, Incarceration and Neighborhood Life
.

10
Christie Thompson, “Are California Prisons Punishing Inmates Based on Race?”
Propublica
, April 12, 2013.

11
Hovater v. Robinson
, 1 F.3d 1063, 1068 (10th Cir. 1993) (stating that “an inmate has a constitutional right to be secure in her bodily integrity and free from attack by prison guards” (citing
Alberti v. Klevenhagan
, 790 F.2d 1220, 1224 (5th Cir. 1986))).

12
Cindy Struckman-Johnson and David Struckman-Johnson, “A Comparison of Sexual Coercion Experiences Reported by Men and Women in Prison,”
Journal of Interpersonal’ Violence
21 (December 2006): 1591–615.

13
Just Detention International, “LGBTQ Detainees Chief Targets for Sexual Abuse in Detention,” 2009. Retrieved from:
www.justdetention.org/en/factsheets/JD_Fact_Sheet_LGBTQ_vD.pdf
; D. Morgan Bassichis and Dean Spade,
“It’s War in Here”: A Report on the Treatment of Transgender and Intersex Prisoners in New York State Men’s Prisons
(New York: Silvia Rivera Law Project, 2007). Retrieved from
http://srlp.org/files/warinhere.pdf
.

14
Bassichis and Spade,
It’s War in Here
.

15
L. Griffith,
The Fall of the Prison: Biblical Perspectives on Prison Abolition
(Grand Rapids, Mich.: Erdmans, 1993), 106.

16
Catherine Hanssens, Aisha C. Moodie-Mills, Andrea J. Ritchie, Dean Spade, and Urvashi Vaid,
A Roadmap for Change: Federal Policy Recommendations for Addressing the Criminalization of LGBTPeople and People Living with HIV
(New York: Center for Gender & Sexuality Law at Columbia Law School, 2014).

17
Drucker,
A Plague of Prisons
, 131.

18
Richard Shelton,
Crossing the Yard: Thirty Years as a Prison Volunteer
(Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2007), 51.

19
Urban Institute, “Family Support Is Key to Staying Out of Prison, Say Ex-Offenders in Chicago,” 2004. Retrieved from
www.urban.org/publications/900762.html
.

20
For more on this issue, see Melissa Gira Grant’s 2014 book,
Playing the Whore: The Work of Sex Work
(New York: Verso/Jacobin, 2014).

21
Sonja B. Starr and M. Marit Rehavi, “Mandatory Sentencing and Racial Disparity,”
Yale Law Journal
123, no. 1 (October 2013): 39.

22
Jonathan Vankin, “Bank Robber Martin Amerson Blamed George Zimmerman for Crime Before Killing Self,”
Opposing Views
, August 4, 2013. Retrieved from
www.opposingviews.com/i/society/guns/bank-robber-marvin-amerson-blamed-george-zimmerman-crime-killing-self#
.

Chapter 5 Disposable Babies

1
“About Us,”
The Prison Birth Project
. Retrieved from
http://theprisonbirthproject.org/node/39
.

2
D. Kasdan, “Abortion Access for Incarcerated Women: Are Correctional Health Practices in Conflict With Constitutional Standards?”
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health
41, no. 1 (March 2009): 59–62; Carolyn B. Sufrin, Mitchell D. Creinin, and Judy C. Chang, “Incarcerated Mothers and Abortion Provision: A Survey of Correctional Health Providers,”
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health
41, no. 1 (March 2009): 6–11.

3
Deborah Allen and Brenda Baker,
Supporting Mothering Through Breastfeeding for Incarcerated Women
(Washington, D.C.: Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses, 2013).

4
Women’s Prison Association,
Mothers, Infants and Imprisonment: A National Look at Prison Nurseries and Community-based Alternatives
(New York: Women’s Prison Association, 2009). Retrieved from
http://66.29.139.159/pdf/Mothers%20Infants%20and%20Imprisonment%202009.pdf
.

5
Women’s Prison Association,
Quick Facts: Women and Criminal Justice
(New York: Women’s Prison Association, 2009). Retrieved from
www.wpaonline.org/pdf/Quick%20Facts%20Women%20and%20CJ_Sept09.pdf
.

6
Ibid.

7
Rebecca Project for Human Rights and the National Women’s Law Center,
Mothers Behind Bars: A State-by-State Report Card and Analysis of Federal Policies on Conditions of Confinement for Pregnant and Parenting Women and the Effect on Their Children
(Washington, D.C.: National Women’s Law Center, 2010).

8
Richie,
Arrested Justice
, 57.

9
Victoria Law, “New Law Gives Parents Behind Bars in Washington State a Way to Hold Onto Their Children,”
Truthout
, May 11, 2013. Retrieved from
http://truth-out.org/news/item/16312-new-law-gives-parents-behind-bars-in-washington-state-a-way-to-hold-onto-their-children
.

10
Dorothy E. Roberts. “Prison, Foster Care, and the Systemic Punishment of Black Mothers,”
UCLA Law Review
59 (2012): 1474.