Moscow, December 25th, 1991 (52 page)

3
Gorbacheva,
I Hope,
174.

4
Shakhnazarov,
Tsena Svobody,
493.

5
Yeltsin,
The Struggle for Russia, 3.

6
Details of Yeltsin’s home life are found in Aron,
Boris Yeltsins;
Colton,
Yeltsins;
Korzhakov,
Boris Yeltsin ;
Solovyov and Klepikova,
Boris Yeltsin ;
Sukhanov,
Tri Goda s Yeltsinym;
Yeltsin,
Against the Grain ;
and Yeltsin,
The Struggle for Russia.

7
Korzhakov,
Boris Yeltsin,
170-171.

8
Solovyov and Klepikova,
Boris Yeltsin,
91.

9
Yeltsin,
The Struggle for Russia,
32.

10
Colton,
Yeltsin,
296.

11
Zenkovich,
Malchishki v Rozovykh Shtanishkakh,
388.

12
Sukhanov,
Tri Goda s Yeltsinym, 233.

Chapter 3: Hiring the Bulldozer

1
Boldin,
Ten Years That Shook the World,
279.

2
Korzhakov,
Boris Yeltsin,
78-79.

3
Gorbachev,
Memoirs,
235.

4
Boldin,
Ten Years That Shook the World,
66.

5
Gorbachev,
Memoirs,
235.

Chapter 4: December 25: Morning

1
Interviews with Koppel, September 2009, and Kaplan, November 2009, cited here and elsewhere in the chapter.

2
ABC Television, unedited footage, December 25, 1991.

3
Gorbachev and Mlynář,
Conversations with Gorbachev,
92.

4
Chernyaev,
1991,
diary entry for December 15, 1991.

5
Boldin,
Ten Years That Shook the World,
225.

6
Chernyaev, 1991, diary entry for December 20, 1991.

Chapter 5: The Storming of Moscow

1
Shulgan,
The Soviet Ambassador,
265-267.

2
Dobrynin,
In Confidence,
621-622.

3
Korzhakov,
Boris Yeltsin, 72-73.

4
Boldin,
Ten Years That Shook the World,
68.

5
Colton,
Yeltsin,
131.

6
Matlock,
Autopsy on are Empire,
112.

Chapter 6: December 25: Midmorning

1
Solovyov and Klepikova, 276.

2
Interview with Yegor Gaidar, Moscow, October 2009.

3
Irish Times,
December 27, 1991.

Chapter 7: A Bucketful of Filth

1
Colton,
Yeltsin,
125.

2
Chernyaev,
My Six Years with Gorbachev,
167.

3
Aron,
Boris Yeltsin,
191.

4
Chernyaev,
My Six Years with Gorbachev,
130.

5
Boldin,
Ten Years That Shook the World,
234.

6
Ibid., 131.

7
Yeltsin’s sacking and treatment by Gorbachev is detailed in Colton,
Yeltsin,
138-150; Yeltsin,
Against
the Grain, 144-155; Aron,
Boris Yeltsin,
202-220; and Boldin, 235-236.

8
Colton,
Yeltsin,
153.

9
Yeltsin,
Agairest the Grain,
155.

10
Colton,
Yeltsin,
150.

11
Aron,
Yeltsin,
221.

12
Korzhakov,
Boris Yeltsin,
86.

Chapter 8: December 25: Late Morning

1
The account of the congress’s proceedings is from
Rossiskaya Gazeta,
December 26, 1991.

2
Alexander Kichikhin quoted in
Sovetskaya Rossiya,
December 26, 1991.

Chapter 9: Back from the Dead

1
Yeltsin,
Against the Grain,
156-158.

2
Sukhanov,
Tri Goda s Yeltsinym,
302.

3
Ibid., 302-304.

4
Brown,
The Rise and Fall of Communist,
515.

5
Interview with Vitaly Korotich, June 1988.

6
Yeltsin,
Against the Grain,
142.

7
Gorbachev,
Memoirs,
365.

8
Yeltsin,
Against the Grain,
162.

9
Ibid., 203.

10
Ibid., 190.

11
Gorbachev,
Memoirs,
378.

12
Solzhenitsyn, “The Relentless Cult of Novelty and How It Wrecked the System.”

13
Chernyaev,
My Six Years with Gorbachev,
245.

Chapter 10: December 25: Midday

1
Grachev,
Final Days,
186.

2
Ibid.

3
Beschloss and Talbott,
At the Highest Levels,
452.

4
Chernyaev,
1991,
diary entry for December 27,1991.

5
Ibid., diary entry for December 27, 1991.

6
Ibid. diary entry for December 18, 1991.

7
Boldin,
Ten Years That Shook the World,
283.

8
Chernyaev,
My Six Years with Gorbachev,
4.

9
Sovetskaya Belorussiya,
January 11, 2003.

10
Gorbachev,
Dekabr-91,
96.

11
Chernyaev,
1991,
diary entry for December 1, 1991.

12
Ibid., diary entry for December 27, 1991.

13
Interview with Grachev, autumn 2009.

14
Interview with Koppel, September 2009.

15
Interview with Kaplan, November 2009.

Chapter 11: Knee Deep in Kerosene

1
Sukhanov,
Tri Goda s Yeltsinym,
143-150.

2
Interview with Garrison, July 2010.

3
Gates,
From the Shadows,
479.

4
Mickiewicz,
Changing Channels,
93.

5
Korzhakov,
Boris Yeltsin,
92-98, and Solovyov and Klepikova,
Boris Yeltsin,
178-181, provide detailed accounts of the affair.

6
Korzhakov, Boris Yeltsin, 98.

7
I attended the funeral.

8
Boldin,
Ten Years That Shook the World,
251-252.

9
Timofeyev,
Russia’s Secret Rulers, 78.

10
Palazchenko,
My Years with Gorbachev and Shevardnadze,
289.

11
Ibid., 189.

12
Beschloss and Talbott,
At the Highest Levels,
224-226.

13
Burlatsky,
Mikhail Gorbachev-Boris Yeltsin,
41.

14
Brown,
The Gorbachev Factor,
102.

15
Chernyaev,
My Six Years with Gorbachev,
280.

16
Beschloss and Talbott,
At the Highest Levels,
108.

17
Chernyaev,
My Six Years with Gorbachev,
241.

Chapter 12: December 25: Early Afternoon

1
Chernyaev,
My Six Years with Gorbachev,
399, and Chernyaev,
1991,
diary entries for December 18 and 20, 1991.

2
Chernyaev,
1991,
diary entry, December 18, 1991.

3
Ibid., December 22, 1991.

4
Palazchenko,
My Years with Gorbachev and Shevardnadze,
364-365.

5
ABC Television, unedited footage, December 25, 1991.

6
Interview with Kaplan, November 2009.

Chapter 13: Dictatorship on the Offensive

1
My notes, November 14, 1990.

2
O’Clery, “Nobel Doesn’t Dispel Anger with Gorbachev.”

3
Interview with Gorbachev in Ottawa, May 30, 1990.

4
Aron,
Boris Yeltsin,
404.

5
Chernyaev,
My Six Years with Gorbachev,
299-300.

6
Ibid., 339.

7
Mickiewicz,
Changing Channels,
50; Pozner,
Eyewitness,
67.

8
Chernyaev,
My Six Years with Gorbachev,
323-324.

9
Gorbachev and Mlynář,
Conversations with Gorbachev,
132.

10
Beschloss and Talbott,
At the Highest Levels,
349.

11
Gates,
From the Shadows,
528.

12
Beschloss and Talbott,
At the Highest Levels,
350.

13
Braithwaite,
Across the Moscow River,
180.

Chapter 14: December 25: Midafternoon

1
Grachev,
Final Days,
186-187.

2
Interview with Grachev, autumn 2009.

3
Yeltsin,
Against the Grain,
134.

4
Felshman,
Gorbachev, Yeltsin, and the Last Days of the Soviet Empire,
189-06, contains analysis of Raisa’s role.

5
Zenkovich,
Boris Yeltsin,
294.

6
Braithwaite,
Across the Moscow River,
254.

7
Zenkovich,
Boris Yeltsin,
58.

8
Mickiewicz,
Changing Channel,
44.

9
Gorbachev,
Memoirs,
208.

10
Kelly,
Nancy Reagan,
400-403,443-446.

11
Bush and Scowcroft,
A World Transformed,
6.

12
Gorbacheva,
I Hope,
7.

13
Ibid., 180.

14
Dougary, “Mikhail Gorbachev.”

15
Muratov, “Mikhail Gorbachev.”

16
Grachev,
Final Days,
187.

Chapter 15: Hijacking Barbara Bush

1
Mickiewicz, Changing Channels, 96-97.

2
Shane,
Dismantling
Utopia, 180.

3
Colton, Yeltsin, 298.

4
Grachev, Final Days, 6.

5
Matlock, Autopsy
on
an Empire, 540-544.

6
Gates, From the Shadows, 504.

7
Matlock, Autopsy
on an
Empire, 545.

8
Chernyaev, My Six Years with Gorbachev, 346.

9
Ibid., 365-366.

10
Boldin,
Ten Years That Shook the World,
55.

11
Palazchenko,
My Years with Gorbachev and Shevardnadze,
298.

12
Gaidar,
Collapse of an Empire,
219.

13
Andrew and Mitrokhin,
The Mitrokhin Archive,
513.

14
Chernyaev,
My Six Years with Gorbachev,
360; Matlock,
Autopsy on an Empire,
563-564; Palazchenko,
My Years with Gorbachev and Shevardreadze,
299-306; Beschloss and Talbott,
At the Highest Levels,
411-413; and Bush and Scowcroft,
A World Transformed,
510-513, for details of Bush’s visit to Moscow.

15
Gorbachev,
Memoirs,
806-807.

16
Chernyaev,
My Six Years with Gorbachev,
369.

17
Kalugin with Montaigne,
The First Directorate,
347-348.

Chapter 16: December 25: Late Afternoon

1
Bush and Scowcroft,
A World Transformed,
559-561.

2
Palazchenko,
My Years with Gorbachev and Shevardnadze,
365-366.

3
Ibid., 358.

4
Interviews with Charlie Caudill, Frida Ghitis, Steve Hurst, Tom Johnson, Stuart Loory, and Claire Shipman, autumn 2009.

5
Yeltsin,
The Struggle for Russia,
21.

6
Kuznetsov,
Kamera dlya Prezidenta,
12.

Chapter 17: Perfidiousness, Lawlessness, Infamy

1
I have drawn on several accounts to describe the coup attempt of August 1991, principally Aron,
Boris Yeltsin ;
Boldin,
Ten Years That Shook the Word,
Chernyaev,
My Six Years with Gorbachev;
Colton,
Yeltsin ;
Dobbs,
Down with Big Brother;
Dunlop,
The Rise of Russia and the Fall of the Soviet Union;
Gorbachev,
Memoirs;
Remnick,
Lenin’s Tomb;
Steele,
Eternal
Russia; Yeltsin,
The Struggle for Russia;
Korzhakov,
Boris Yeltsin ;
and Shaposhnikov,
Vybor.

2
Dobbs,
Down with Big Brother, 374-375.

3
Chernyaev,
My Six Years with Gorbachev,
408.

4
Beschloss and Talbott,
At the Highest Levels,
434.

5
Putin with Gevorkyan, Timakova, and Kolesnikov,
First Person,
93.

6
Gorbachev,
Memoirs,
in which he includes Raisa’s diary of the coup, 817-824.

7
Dobbs,
Down with Big Brother,
391.