"Non-Germans" Under the Third Reich (303 page)

Institut für Deutsche Ostarbeit (Institute for German Development in the East), 780
n
, 784
n

institutionalization, of persons with “hereditary diseases,” 99, 643
n

insurance law, 222, 306, 381, 475

intelligentsia: adoption of Nazism by, xviii; in Annexed Eastern Territories, 700
n
, 723
n;
in General Government, 272, 275, 290, 518, 765
n
, 788
n

“interests of the community,” in penal law, 327–28

international law: on citizenship in occupied territories, 737
n;
Nazi view of, 264–66, 760
n;
and status of occupied Poland, 194, 265–66, 760
n

interpreters, Polish, 434–35

interruption of proceedings, 912
n

intimidation, punishment as, 327, 339, 369, 421, 440, 449, 454, 468, 501, 830
n
, 857
n
, 890
n
, 896
n

Ipsen, Hans Peter, 52

irrationality, in Nazi ideology, 14, 15, 38, 189, 540–41

Italy, 104–5

Jehovah’s Witnesses, 69, 96; and child custody laws, 385; protective custody of, 356–57

jewelry, of German Jews, 159–60, 673
n
, 676
n

Jewish associations/institutions: in Altreich, 156, 166–67, 173, 679
n;
in Annexed Eastern Territories, 480, 911
n

Jewish attorneys: abuses and purges of, 79, 91, 127–35, 397–99, 629
n
, 636
n
, 637
n
, 655–58
n;
in General Government, 300, 798
n;
number of, 655–56
n

Jewish businesses: boycott of (April 1933), 79–80; dismissal of Aryan employees by, 145; in General Government, 294–96, 794
n
, 795
n
, 815–16
n;
laws restricting, in Altreich, 141–42, 158–59, 169, 176–77, 380–81, 396, 672
n
, 866
n

Jewish deportees: legal status of, 120, 308; property forfeiture by, 160–61, 674–75
n

Jewish descent, determination of, 386–87

Jewish identity card, 833
n

Jewish
Mischlinge:
in Altreich, statistics on, 650
n;
in Annexed Eastern Territories, 114, 650
n;
in armed forces, 646
n;
as attorneys, 134, 137; child custody rights of, 385–86; citizenship law on, 113–14, 116, 121, 126, 648
n
, 649–50
n
, 653
n;
in Civil Service, purge of, 96–98; determination of, 386; legal classification of, 113–14; legal representation of, 660–61
n;
marriage law for, 102, 644–45
n;
as pharmacists, 141; “privileged,” 96, 126, 648
n
, 653
n;
SS treatment of, 97; sterilization plan for, 107, 650
n

Jewishness: legal definitions of, 57, 60, 113–14, 329, 642
n
, 649
n;
“unlimited interpretation” of, 60, 329

Jewish property in Altreich, seizure of, 81, 156–64, 671–78
n
, 866
n;
authority for, 161, 674–75
n;
under citizenship law, 110, 118, 119, 120–21, 160–63, 652
n
, 653
n
, 674
n
, 675
n;
legal provisions for, 158–64; movable, 159–60, 163–64, 672–73
n
, 674
n
, 676–77
n;
real estate, 159, 164, 674
n;
tax law and, 165–68

Jewish property in Annexed Eastern Territories, 165, 226, 227, 255–57, 728–31
n

Jewish property in General Government, 293, 294–96, 540, 794
n
, 795
n
, 814–15
n

Jewish quarters.
See
ghetto(s)

Jewish question, Hitler on, 25

Jewish refugees: loss of property, 160; revocation of citizenship, 109, 110, 118, 119–20

Jews: and Bolshevism, 63; and democracy, 591
n;
“eastern”
(Ostjuden)
, 109, 284, 681
n;
equivalent
(Geltungsjuden)
, 649–50
n;
extermination of (
see
Final Solution); ghettoization of (
see
ghettoization); hatred of (
see
anti-Semitism); “honor” of, 56, 619–20
n;
legal definitions of, 57, 60, 113–14, 329, 642
n
, 649
n;
Nazi view of, 54, 56–60, 620–23
n. See also
Jews in Altreich; Jews in Annexed Eastern Territories; Jews in General Government

Jews in Altreich: citizenship law/legal status of, 65, 108–21, 647–53
n;
in Civil Service, purge of, 79, 80, 84–94, 96–98, 629
n
, 636–44
n;
commercial law on, 141–42, 176–77, 671–78
n
, 686–87
n;
criminal prosecution of, 344–45; cultural and social policy on, 142, 154–56, 669–71
n
, 680–83
n;
deportation of (
see
deportations); “eastern”/Polish, 109, 171, 284, 681
n;
educational policy for, 156, 670
n
, 671
n;
in [estate] execution/administrative process, 400–401; freedom of movement restrictions on, 170–73, 681
n
, 682
n;
health professionals, 137–41, 661–62
n;
identification requirements for, 169–70, 680–81
n;
implementation of special law against, 79–83, 183–84; inheritance law for, 110, 121, 381–82, 389–90, 397; in judicial system, purge of, 79, 85, 91–92, 127–37, 629
n
, 636–37
n
, 655–58
n;
labor law and policy for, 142–49, 393–95, 663–65
n;
legal aid for, prohibition of, 343, 399–400, 867–68
n;
legal definition of, 113–14, 642
n
, 649
n;
legal representation of, restrictions on, 133–37, 660–61
n;
marriage law on, 65, 101–2, 106, 107, 328, 644–45
n
, 646
n;
married to Germans, 170, 647
n
, 680
n;
naturalized, 108–10; “of mixed descent” (
see
Jewish
Mischlinge
); penal law and, 325, 328–33, 335–37, 342–44; police law affecting, 176–77; procedural law and, 342–43; professional law on, 127–42, 176–77; property law and policy for (
see
Jewish property in Altreich, seizure of); protective custody of, 358; social/public life restrictions on, 156–57, 169–74, 680–83
n;
as state subjects, 111, 112, 114–21; tax law for, 165–68, 173, 619
n
, 678
n
, 679–80
n;
tenancy laws for, 56, 380, 390–93, 400, 864–65
n;
unemployed, 143, 168; violence against, 79, 127, 629
n;
welfare policy for, 156, 164, 663
n
, 671
n
, 677–78
n;
as witnesses, 343–45, 399–400, 834
n

Jews in Annexed Eastern Territories: court-appointed defense for, 343, 435–36; death sentences for,
vs
. Poles, 445; deportation of, 253–54; “disfranchisement” of, 422–25, 434, 487; duty of obedience, 425–27; food and shopping restrictions for, 257, 258, 259; freedom of movement restrictions for, 249, 250–51, 253–54; ghettoization of, 253–54, 748
n
(
see also
Łod
Ghetto); labor policy for, 195, 231, 232, 700
n
, 733
n
, 749
n;
legal status of, 239; living conditions of, 749
n;
Mischlinge
, 114, 650
n;
names law for, 207; penal law and, 332–33; property seizures from, 165, 226, 227, 255–57, 728–31
n;
sentencing standards for, 425–27; as witnesses, 434

Jews in General Government, 284–86, 287, 289, 778–80
n
, 781
n;
aiding, prosecution for, 499, 915
n
, 919
n;
communications restrictions for, 318, 820
n;
deportation to death camps, 814–15
n;
deported, legal status of, 120, 653
n;
educational policy for, 788
n;
failure to wear yellow star, 510–11, 923
n;
food supply policy for, 273, 306, 806–7
n;
freedom of movement restrictions for, 312–16, 816
n;
ghettoization of, 285–86, 311–15, 772
n
, 779
n
, 780
n
, 815–16
n;
health care restrictions for, 300, 301, 311–12; hiding, prosecution for, 499, 915
n
, 919
n;
labor policy for, 285, 303–4, 803–4
n
, 818
n;
Polish attitudes toward, 778
n;
professionals, 299–301, 798
n
, 799
n;
property seizures from, 293–96, 794
n
, 795
n
, 814–15
n;
residential restrictions for, 285, 312–13, 772
n;
statistics, 764
n
, 777
n;
tax policy for, 296–97; welfare policy for, 306, 307, 808
n

Joël, Dr., 844
n

judges: attitudes toward Nazi regime, 32, 605
n;
discipline of, 87, 346, 360–61, 440, 634
n
, 832
n
, 838–39
n
, 848
n;
in General Government, 494, 502–3, 506, 511–12, 915
n;
Jewish/“non-German,” purge of, 79, 85, 91–92, 127–37, 397–99, 629
n
, 636–37
n;
married to non-Aryans, 639
n;
Nazi ideals for, 21–23, 593
n
, 595
n
, 596
n;
political affiliations of, 33–34, 34
t
, 600–603
n
, 606
n;
political training of, 346, 446, 836–38
n;
religious affiliations of, 603
n;
responsibility to law, 18–19, 593
n;
social homogeneity of, 31, 32
t;
women, 605
n
, 638
n

judicial administration in Altreich, 21–24, 30–35, 833
n;
attitudes toward Nazi regime, 32, 605
n;
“crisis” and “reform” of 1942, 23, 31, 33, 354, 363, 408–9, 437, 596
n;
“Führer principle” and, 15–24, 593–94
n;
Hitler’s disdain for, 1, 343, 350–52, 360–61, 363, 840
n;
independence of, end of, 18–19, 23, 593
n;
integration into Nazi/special law system, 3–10, 16–17, 23–24, 30–35, 38, 83, 531–32, 536, 539–41, 586
n
, 587
n;
in later years of Third Reich, 23; loss of jurisdiction, 19–21, 349–52, 541–45, 594
n;
Nazi ideals for, 21–23, 593
n
, 595
n
, 596
n;
Nazi literature’s impact on, 9, 587
n;
NSDAP influence on, 30–35, 345–49, 353–58, 599–606
n
, 600–606
n
, 832
n
, 844–45
n;
organizational and authority structure, 551–53; police authority over, 107–8, 349–65, 447–48, 832–33
n;
police intervention in, reaction to, 352–55, 359–61, 375, 841
n;
and police secret decrees, 372–78; political affiliations of, 33–34, 34
t
, 600–603
n
, 606
n;
political appointments to, 29; political control of, 325, 345–49, 361–63, 438; purges of, 30–31, 32, 79, 85, 87, 91–92, 127–37, 599
n
, 603–5
n
, 629
n
, 636–37
n
, 655–58
n;
research on, 3, 585
n;
responsibility to law, 18–19, 593
n;
right of review by, end of, 19–21, 594
n;
sentencing by, 335–40, 361–63, 850
n;
social homogeneity of, 31, 32
t
, 603
n;
terminology used by, 9, 587
n;
women in, 605
n
, 638
n
.
See also
Reich Ministry of Justice