"Non-Germans" Under the Third Reich (304 page)

judicial administration in Annexed Eastern Territories, 25, 404–6, 408–9, 438–39;
vs
. General Government, 487–89, 498, 504, 507–15, 524–29; “law-creating activity” of, 408–9, 477, 483; and police, 446–69, 448, 903
n;
political control of, 404–5, 410–11, 418–19, 447–49, 472–77, 483, 485; reaction to Decree on Penal Law for Poles, 445–46, 454, 460–62; sentencing by, 415, 421, 425–27, 437–46, 444–45, 449, 459, 463, 850
n
, 877
n
, 886
n
.
See also
Reich Ministry of Justice

judicial administration in General Government, 262;
vs
. Annexed Eastern Territories, 487–89, 498, 504, 507–15, 524–29; economic concerns of, 487–88, 505, 507–8, 510, 922–23
n;
function and structure of, 490–97; German judiciary/courts, 495–99, 502–3, 505–7, 523, 525; number of judges, 494, 511–12, 915
n;
personnel policy, 509, 511–12; and police, 518, 519–22; Polish judiciary, 488–89, 491–92, 507, 523, 525, 913
n
, 914
n;
political aims of, 487, 489, 491–93, 495, 511; public prosecutors, 491–92, 496, 503, 506; sentencing by, 503, 507–12, 516; special courts, 496, 500–505, 509–10, 528–29; supervisory and control powers, 493–94

“judicial crisis” of 1942, 23, 31, 33, 354, 363, 408–9, 437, 596
n

judicial independence, end of, 18–19, 23, 593
n

judicial review, end of, 19–21, 594
n

judiciary.
See
judges; judicial administration
entries

jurisdiction: administrative, exclusion of judiciary from, 19, 20–21; choice of, 498–99; criminal, exclusion of judiciary from, 349–52; discriminatory, in procedural law, 342–43; distribution of, in Nazi system, 20–21, 541–42, 544–45; in General Government, 498–99, 504–7, 509, 512–22, 526–29; of German courts in General Government, 505–7; of Gestapo in Occupied Eastern Territories, 370–72; of judiciary in Altreich, losses of, 19–21, 349–52, 541–45, 594
n;
of police in Annexed Eastern Territories, 376, 446–69, 527–29; of police in General Government, 509, 512–22, 526–29; of special courts, 430–31, 504–5

Jurisdiction Decree (Feb. 21, 1940), 431, 501–3

Juristische Wochenschrift
(Wendt), 382, 583
n

justice, in Nazi ideology, 38, 615
n

Juvenile Court, law on (Feb. 16, 1923), 416, 499, 915
n

juvenile offenders, 427, 881
n

Kaltenbrunner, Ernst, 689
n
, 766
n

Kashubians, 123, 240

Kassel, 331

Kattowitz (Katowice) district, 216, 226, 249, 257; police courts-martial in, 899
n;
sentencing, 444, 880
n
, 883
n
, 892
n
.
See also
Upper Silesia

Katyn Murders, 196

Katzenberger case, 331, 826–27
n

Keitel, Wilhelm, 368, 853
n

Keith, Franz, 495

Kempen, 754
n

Kerrl, Hans, 85, 128, 603
n
, 837
n

Kiev, 931–32
n

Klausener case, 659–60
n

Koch, Erich, 444, 694
n
, 883
n
, 895
n

Koellreuter, Otto, 41

Königsberg, 33, 444

Koppe, Wilhelm, 225, 321

KPD.
See
German Communist Party

Krakauer Zeitung
, 508

Kraków (Cracow): Jews in, 777
n
, 778
n;
living conditions in, 776
n;
police jurisdiction in, 513; political executions in, 517; reception of Germans in, 774–75
n;
special courts in, 510, 916
n;
Superior Court in, 494

Kraków (Cracow) Ghetto, 814
n
, 817
n
, 818
n

Kreise
, 277–78, 281–82, 295, 773
n

Kreishauptmann (-leute)
, 277–80, 282, 513, 527, 768–72
n
, 930
n;
and police, 810
n
, 811
n

Kreisleiter
, 199–200, 349, 474, 705
n
, 706
n
, 717
n
, 718
n
, 909
n

Kriminalpolizei
(Criminal Police), 685
n
.
See also
Security Police

Krüger, Friedrich Wilhelm, 293, 321, 513, 515, 521, 798
n
, 811
n
, 922
n

labor camps: in Altreich, 153–54; in Annexed Eastern Territories, 231, 733
n
, 749
n;
in General Government, 304, 804
n

labor law and policy: for “alien” workers in Altreich, 149–54, 178–79, 182, 665–69
n;
in Altreich, 142–54, 178–79, 182, 369–70, 372, 381–82, 393–95, 614
n
, 663–69
n
, 856
n;
in Annexed Eastern Territories, 150, 179, 195, 231–35, 443, 700
n
, 733–36
n
, 749
n
, 908
n
, 910
n;
for Eastern Europe, planned, 191, 694
n
, 695
n;
forced labor (
see
forced labor); in General Government, 261, 272, 285, 301–6, 799–808
n
, 818
n;
hard labor, 442, 877
n;
for Jews in Altreich, 142–49, 393–95, 663–65
n
; for Jews in Annexed Eastern Territories, 195, 231, 232; for Jews in General Government, 285, 303–4, 818
n;
in Occupied Eastern Territories, 150, 153; for professionals (
see
professional law)

Lammers, Hans Heinrich, 586
n
, 590
n
, 599
n
, 616
n
, 681
n
, 768
n

Landgericht
(State or Apellate Court), 491

Landräte
, 199–200, 215, 592
n
, 705
n
, 706
n
, 717
n
, 719
n
, 720
n

language: abusive, by Poles against Germans, 334; legal (
see
legal terminology); of Nazi ideology, 14, 15; racial, in Reich Citizenship Law, 113; of totalitarianism, xviii–xxix

language policy, in Annexed Eastern Territories, 208–9, 224–25, 713
n
, 727
n

law: abandonment of, 54, 55–56, 71, 536, 546; common, conversion of emergency law into, 81, 82; Führer principle and, 13–19; in General Government, 271; institutional approach to, 586
n;
judicial review of, 19–21, 594
n;
legal discrimination and, 546; local, continued validity of, 871–72
n;
martial, 71, 326, 336–37, 411–12; municipal, in Annexed Eastern Territories, 210–12; Nazi ideology on, 16, 37, 38, 592
n
, 593
n
, 608–9
n;
Nazi racial ideology and, 37–38; in Nazi system of government, 2–10, 70; in occupied territories, 691
n;
as political act, 20, 83; relationship of judiciary to, 18–19, 593
n;
relationship of police to, 174–75, 219, 684
n
, 721
n;
in totalitarian regime, 547; “unlimited interpretation” of, 55–56, 532–35; “unwritten reservation in,” 55–56.
See also
German law; special law;
specific areas of law, e.g.,
citizenship law

Law against Dangerous Habitual Criminals (Nov. 24, 1933), 362

Law against Economic Sabotage (Dec. 1, 1936), 414

Law against Malicious Acts, 920
n

“law-creating/framing activity”: in Altreich, 329; in Annexed Eastern Territories, 408–9, 477, 483

Law for the Prevention of Progeny with Hereditary Diseases (Eugenics Law; July 14, 1933), 98–101

Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor (Blood Protection Law; Sept. 15, 1935), 50, 101–3, 246, 325, 328–32, 414, 825
n
, 828
n
, 874
n
, 915
n
, 918–19
n

Law for the Protection of the Hereditary Health of the German People (Marital Hygiene Law; Oct. 18, 1935), 103–6

Law for the Regulation of National Labor (Jan. 20, 1934), 141, 614
n

Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service (Professional Civil Service Code; April 7, 1933), 85–92, 384, 594
n
, 600
n
, 632–33
n;
implementation of, 86–92; on non-Aryans (section 3; Aryan paragraph), 85–86, 129–30, 632
n;
on political affiliations, 85, 87, 632
n
, 634
n;
provisions of, 85–86

Law on Admission to the Legal Profession (April 7, 1933), 129

Law on Aliens to the Community (Jan. 1, 1945), 72, 328, 533, 824
n

Law on Editors (Oct. 4, 1943), 142, 669
n

Law on Expulsions from the Reich, 171

Law on the Gestapo (Feb. 10, 1936), 175

Law on the Head of State of the German Reich (Aug. 1, 1934), 588
n

Law on the Prevention of Acts of Political Violence (April 4, 1933), 414, 822
n

Law on the Revocation of Naturalization and the Deprivation of German Citizenship (July 14, 1933), 108–10, 161, 647
n

Law on the Seizure of Assets of Enemies of the People and State (July 14, 1933), 119, 161, 162, 173–74, 652
n

Law on State Self-Defense (July 3, 1934), 32

Law on Tenancy Contracts with Jews (April 30, 1939), 393

law student organizations, 836
n

lawsuits: by dismissed Jews, 144; by Poles, 474–77, 481–85, 909
n. See also
legal remedies, limitation of

Law to Amend Reich and State Citizenship (May 15, 1935), 110

Law to Amend the Reich Regulations on Attorneys (Dec. 2, 1934), 130

Law to Guarantee the Public Order (Oct. 13, 1933), 414

Law to Remove Need from the Nation and Reich (March 24, 1933), 835
n

Law to Secure the Unity of Party and State (Dec. 1, 1933), 24, 588
n
, 835
n

Lawyer Training Code (July 22, 1934; Jan. 4, 1939), 837
n

leadership: traditional principle of, 11–12.
See also
“Führer principle”; political leadership

League of National Socialist German Jurists (NSRB).
See
National Socialist Jurists’ League

Lebensraum
, 187, 189

legal aid, prohibition of, 343, 399–400, 867–68
n

legal classification of offenses, 342, 426

legality: abandonment of, 54, 55–56, 71, 536, 546; Nazi concept of, 592
n;
in totalitarian regime, 547

legal literature, 9, 58, 587
n

legal principles: general, rejection of Polish claims on, 481–82, 484; liberal/established, rejection of, 38, 45–51, 326–27, 536; maintenance of, in General Government, 487–89; of Nazi state, 5–6, 10, 379, 587
n;
primacy of Party over state as, 10, 24–27, 597
n
, 598
n. See also
“Führer principle”; racial inequality principle

legal professions, restrictions on: in Altreich, 91–92, 127–37, 629
n
, 636
n
, 637
n
, 655–58
n;
in Annexed Eastern Territories, 231; in General Government, 299–300, 797
n
, 798
n. See also
attorneys; judges

legal remedies, limitation of: in Annexed Eastern Territories, 216–21, 431, 434, 463–64, 721
n
, 722
n
, 912
n;
in General Government, 494; for Jews in Altreich, 344–45

legal representation, of “non-Germans”: in Altreich, 133–37, 343, 660–61
n;
in Annexed Eastern Territories, 435, 834
n;
in General Government, 299

“legal rules,” in General Government, 288

legal status(es): of “aliens” in Reich, 51, 53, 627
n;
of Annexed Eastern Territories inhabitants, 121–27, 236–46, 461, 738–43
n;
“capable of Germanization” (Class 3), 123–25, 209, 239–40; “capable of re-Germanization” (Class 4), 123, 124, 125–26, 239, 240; of children of “aliens,” 65; of Eastern European populations, 191–92, 235; of General Government, 264–70, 761–63
n;
of General Government inhabitants, 307–9; of Germans in Annexed Eastern Territories, 236, 237, 239, 738
n
, 739
n
; of individual, in Nazi legal theory, 47–48; inferior, legal theory on, 49–56; of Jewish deportees, 120, 308; of Jewish in Altreich, 56, 65, 108–21, 647–53
n
; loss of, 55, 56, 534; of Poles in Altreich, 121, 123–27; of Poles in Annexed Eastern Territories, 121, 123–27, 235–46, 461, 740–43
n
; as privilege, 72; protected (
see
protected status); Reich citizen, 111–12, 235, 236–37, 628
n
, 648–49
n
, 737
n
; statelessness, 118–22, 124, 236–38, 308, 619
n
, 651–53
n
, 737
n
; state subject (
see
state subject status).
See also
citizenship law