Saints and Sinners: A History of the Popes; Fourth Edition (87 page)

Armada, Spanish,
(i)

Armagh,
(i)

Armenian Catholics,
(i)

armies, papal,
(i)
,
(ii)

Arnold of Brescia,
(i)

Arns, Cardinal Evatisto,
(i)

Aruppe, Pedro,
(i)

Asia,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)
,
(v)

South-East,
(i)

assassination attempt: Paul VI,
(i)

John Paul II,
(i)

Assisi,
(i)

Associations Culturelles
,
(i)

Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary,
(i)

astrology,
(i)

Athanasius, St,
(i)

Athenagoras, Partiarch,
(i)

Athens,
(i)

Attila the Hun,
(i)
,
(ii)

Auctorem Fidei
,
(i)

Augsburg,
(i)

Peace of,
(i)

Augustine of Canterbury, St,
pl.
(i)

Augustine of Hippo, St,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)

Augustinus,
(i)

Auschwitz,
(i)

Australia,
(i)

Austria,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)
,
(v)
,
(vi)

Auxentius of Milan,
(i)

Avars,
(i)

L’Avenir
,
(i)
,
(ii)

Avignon,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)
,
(v)
,
(vi)
,
(vii)

Balkans,
(i)
,
(ii)

Baltic,
(i)

Baltimore, Third Council of,
(i)

banner of St Peter,
(i)

Barberini family,
(i)

Barbie, Klaus,
(i)

Barletta, Leonidas,
(i)

Basil the Great, St,
(i)
,
(ii)

Basle, Council of,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)

Bavaria,
(i)
,
(ii)

elector of,
(i)

Bayezit, Sultan,
(i)

Beards, papal,
(i)

Becket, St Thomas,
(i)

Bede, Venerable,
(i)

Belgium,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)

Belisarius,
(i)
,
(ii)

Bellarmine, Cardinal Robert,
(i)

Bellone, La
,
(i)

Benedetto Caetani (Pope Boniface VIII),
(i)

Benedict, St,
(i)
,
(ii)

Benedict I (575–9) pope,
(i)

Benedict II (684–5) pope,
(i)

Benedict VI (973–4) pope,
(i)

Benedict VII (974–83) pope,
(i)

‘His Holiness Pope-emeritus Benedict XVI’,
(i)

resignation of,
(i)

Benedict VIII (1012–24) pope,
(i)
,
(ii)

Benedict IX (1032–18) pope,
(i)

Benedict XIII (antipope),
(i)

Benedict XIII (1724–30) pope,
(i)

Benedict XIV (1740–58) pope,
(i)

Benedict XV (1914–22) pope,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)
,
(v)

Benedict XVI (2005–) pope,
(i)

Benetti, Cardinal,
(i)

Benigni, Umberto,
(i)

Bergamo,
(i)
,
(ii)

Bergoglio, Jorge (Pope Francis I),
(i)
,
(ii)

as Archbishop of Buenos Aires,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)

Berlin,
(i)

Bernard of Clairvaux, St,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)

bad mistake of,
(i)

Bernardino of Siena, St,
(i)

Bernier, Abbe,
(i)

Bernini, Gian Lorenzo,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)

Berrigan, Dan and Philip,
(i)

Bertello, Cardinal,
(i)

Berthier, General,
(i)

Bertone, Cardinal Tarcisio,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)

Besalu,
(i)

Besançon, Archbishop of,
(i)

Diet of,
(i)

Bessarion, Cardinal John,
(i)

Béziers,
(i)

Bible, German,
(i)

pontific study of,
(i)

biblical studies,
(i)

Billot, Cardinal,
(i)

Biscop, Benedict,
(i)

bishops

canonical institutions of,
(i)
,
(ii)

emergence of,
(i)

papal appointment of,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)

state appointment of,
(i)
,
(ii)

Bismarck, Chancellor of Prussia,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)

Black death,
(i)
,
(ii)

‘black cardinals,’
(i)

Boethius,
(i)

Boff, Leonardo,
(i)

Bohemia,
(i)

Boleyn, Ann,
(i)

Bolivar, Simon,
(i)

Bologna,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)

University of,
(i)

Bolshevism,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)

Bonaparte, Joseph,
(i)

Boniface I (418–22) pope,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)

Boniface III (607) pope,
(i)

Boniface IV (608–15) pope,
(i)
,
(ii)

Boniface V (619–25) pope,
(i)

Boniface VIII (1294–1303) pope,
(i)
,
(ii)

Book of Common Prayer,
(i)

Borgo,
(i)

Boris I, King of Bulgaria,
(i)

Bormann, Martin,
(i)
,
(ii)

Borromeo, St Carlo,
(i)
,
(ii)

Botticelli, Sandro,
(i)
,
(ii)

‘bourgeois monarchy,’
(i)

boy-scouts, Catholic,
(i)

Brady, Cardinal Sean (Archbishop of Armagh),
(i)

Brahe, Tycho,
(i)

Bramante,
(i)

Brazil, Copacabana,
(i)

Rio de Janeiro,
(i)

World Youth Day,
(i)

Breakspear, Nicholas (Pope Hadrian IV),
(i)
,
(ii)

breviary, reform of,
(i)

brief, papal,
(i)

brigands,
(i)

Britain,
(i)

papal visit to,
(i)

Brunhild, Queen,
(i)

Bruni, Luigino,
(i)

Bruno, Giordano,
(i)

Bruno of Toul (Pope Leo IX),
(i)

Buber, Martin,
(i)

Budapest,
(i)

Bulgaria,
(i)
,
(ii)

Bullfighting, sinful,
(i)

Burgundy,
(i)

Burke, Cardinal Raymond,
(i)

Cadaver Synod,
(i)

Caecilian of Carthage,
(i)

Caedwalla, King,
(i)

Caelian Hill,
(i)

Calabria,
(i)

Callistus I (217–22) pope,
(i)

Callistus II (1119–24) pope,
(i)

Callistus III (1455–8) pope,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)

camalaucum,
(i)
.
See also
tiara.

Camerlengo,
(i)

Campagna,
(i)

Canon law,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)

Code of 1917,
(i)

canonisation,
(i)
,
(ii)

Canons,
(i)
,
(ii)

of Constantinople,
(i)

Canossa,
(i)
,
(ii)

Canterbury,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)

Gospels,
pl
.
(i)

Capitalism,
(i)
,
(ii)

Capitol,
(i)

Cappellari, Dom Mauro (Pope Gregory XVI),
(i)

Caprara, Cardinal,
(i)

Caprocorum,
(i)

Caput orbis
,
(i)

Caraffa, Gianpietro (Pope Paul IV),
(i)

Caranza, Cardinal,
(i)

Carbonari
,
(i)

Cardenal, Fr. Ernesto,
(i)

Cardinals,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)
,
(v)
,
(vi)
,
(vii)
,
(viii)
,
(ix)
,
(x)
,
(xi)
,
(xii)

Carey, George, Archbishop of Canterbury,
(i)

Caritas in Veritate
,
(i)

Carlos IV, of Spain,
(i)

Carnival, Roman,
(i)

Caroline Islands,
(i)

Carthage,
(i)
,
(ii)

Castel Gandolfo,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)

Castro, Fidel,
(i)

Cathars,
(i)

Catherine of Aragon,
(i)

Catherine of Siena, St,
(i)

Catholic Action,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)

Catholic League, French,
(i)

Catholicism,182

Celestine I (422–32) pope,
(i)
,
(ii)

Celestine III (1191–8) pope,
(i)

Celestine V (1294) pope,
(i)
,
(ii)

Celibacy,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)
,
(v)

Cellini, Benvenuto,
(i)

Cem,
(i)

Cencius,
(i)

Centre Party,
(i)
,
(ii)

Ceolfrid,
(i)

Cesare Borgia,
(i)

Cesena,
(i)

Chalcedon, Council of,
(i)

Chamberlain, Neville,
(i)

chandelier, St Peter’s,
(i)

chapter, episcopal election by,
(i)

Chapters, Three,
(i)

Charlemagne,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)

Charles II of Sicily,
(i)

Charles V,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)

Charles VIII of France,
(i)

Charles X of France,
(i)
,
(ii)

Charles, King of Hungary,
(i)

Charles the Bald,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)

Charles the Fat,
(i)

Chenu, Marie-Dominique,
(i)

Chi ro,
(i)

Chiaramonte, Barnaba (Pope Pius VII),
(i)
,
(ii)

Chiesa, Giacomo della (Pope Benedict XV),
(i)

Childeric III, King,
(i)

China, bishops for,
(i)

missions in,
(i)

Chosroes, King,
(i)

Christ the King, Feast of,
(i)

Christian Democracy,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)

Christian Democratic Party,
(i)
,
(ii)

Christian League,
(i)

Chur, diocese of,
(i)

Church and State, separation in France,
(i)

‘Church of silence,’
(i)

Circus of Nero,
(i)

Cistercians,
(i)
,
(ii)

Civil Constitution of the Clergy,
(i)

civil marriage,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)

Clairvaux,
(i)

Claudius, Emperor,
(i)

Clement I (c. 91–c. 101) pope, St,
(i)
,
(ii)

Clement II (1046–7) pope,
(i)

Clement III (1187–91) pope,
(i)

Clement III (antipope),
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)

Clement IV (1265–8) pope,
(i)

Clement V (1305–14) pope,
(i)

Clement VI (1342–52) pope,
(i)

Clement VII (antipope),
(i)

Clement VII (1523–34),
(i)

Clement VIII (1592–1605) pope,
(i)

Clement XI (1700–21) pope,
(i)
,
(ii)

Clement XIII (1758–69) pope,
(i)

Clement XIV (1769–74) pope,
(i)

‘Clementines,’
(i)

Clermont, Council of,
(i)

Cluny,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)

end of,
(i)

Cnut, King,
(i)

Cold War,
(i)
,
(ii)

Collegiality, episcopal,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)
,
(v)
,
(vi)

subverted,
(i)

Cologne,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)

archbishop of,
(i)
,
(ii)

Church struggle,
(i)

Colonna family,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)

Columbanus, St,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)

Colombia,
(i)

Columbus, Numidian bishop,
(i)

Combes, Emile,
(i)

Commodus, Emperor,
(i)

communion, child,
(i)

frequent,
(i)

Communione e Liberazione
,
(i)