Secondary Schizophrenia (165 page)

5HT

293

2A postsynaptic receptors,
27

genetics and pathobiology,
243

and PCP,
117,
143

[11C]raclopride/Positron Emission

neurological features/endocrine

and Prader Willi Syndrome,
329,

Tomography (PET),
134

abnormalities,
244

prevalence,
244

330

15O

and prenatal infection,
281

2,
61

psychiatric features,
244,
245t

schizophreniform disorder,
117,

133Xenon inhalation,
61

treatment,
243,
244

258

adult neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis

symptoms,
83

Accardo, P.,
329

(ACNL),
219–
20,
222

aggression, and antipsychotic

Acharya, V.,
33

affective disorder

medications,
396,
397

bipolar disorder,
293,
316,
330,

acute agitation,
396

agitation, and antipsychotic

381–
2

medications,
396

acute bipolar mania,
396–
7

and antipsychotic medications,

agranulocytosis,
397

acute psychotic disorders (APD)

394,
395–
6

biological abnormalities in,
382

bipolar-schizomania,
289

Ahmed, I.,
189,
191,
192,
193

clinical management,
385

and Fahr’s Disease,
360

Alberta study,
274–
5,
276

course and outcomes,
381–
2

hallucinations in,
22

current description in ICD/DSM,

and Huntington’s Disease,
349

alcohol

380–
1

and multiple sclerosis,
274

use of,
115,
116

etiopathological subgroups,
383f
,
and Niemann-Pick Disease type

withdrawal from,
121

384

C,
217–
18

alcoholism

etiopathology schematic,
383f

and traumatic brain injury,
187,

chronic,
53

future research,
385

188,
192

comorbid,
53–
4

in general medical/neurological

and velocardiofacial syndrome,

conditions,
382–
3

309,
311–
12

Alexander’s Disease,
249

infectious disorders,
383

and Wilson’s Disease,
341

Allebeck, P.,
170

neurological disorders,
383

depression,
258,
266

Almeida, O. P.,
198

systemic disorders,
383

and Fahr’s Disease,
360

incidence/prevalence,
381

and Huntington’s Disease,
349

alpha mannosidosis,
219

organicity of,
384–
5

and traumatic brain injury,
187

Alzheimer, A.,
204

pathophysiology,
383–
5

and Wilson’s Disease,
341

risk factors,
381

depression, major,
293

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD),
26–
7

summary,
385–
6

and multiple sclerosis,
274

diagnostic criteria for

and velocardiofacial syndrome,

AD-associated psychotic

Adams, B. W.,
152–
3

309,
311–
12

disorder,
205,
206t

Adams, R. D.,
257

and gustatory hallucinations,
32

diagnostic criteria for psychosis of

in Huntington’s Disease,
349

AD,
205t

Addison’s Disease,
243,
244,
250,
361

mania,
258

future research,
209

Addison’s Encephalopathy,
243

and Fahr’s Disease,
360

history,
204

and Huntington’s Disease,
349

implications for clinical practice,

adenosine,
85,
95

mood disorder

209

adenosine triphosphate (ATP),

and Huntington’s Disease,
349

prevalence/incidence of psychotic

229

schizoaffective disorder

symptoms,
206–
7

419

Alzheimer’s Disease (cont.)

GABAergic interneuron deficits,

side effects,
399–
400, 400t

psychotic symptoms,
205–
6

153–
4

substance-induced schizophrenia,

delusional misidentifications,
205,

increased prefrontal glutamate,

399

207t

152–
3

corticosteroids,
399

delusions,
205,
207t

increased prefrontal neuronal firing,

dopaminergic drugs,
399

hallucinations,
26–
7,
205,
207t

153

drugs of abuse,
399

risk factors and outcomes,
207–
9

increased regional brain activation,

systemic disorders,
398

cognitive/functional decline,

152

human immunodeficiency virus,

208–
9

ketamine,
152

398

environment,
208

MK-801,
152

systemic lupus erythematosus,

genetic factors,
207–
8

paradoxical hyperactivation/

398

institutionalization,
209

hypoactivation,
152

temporal lobe epilepsy,
394

mortality,
209

anisocoria,
49

ziprasidone,
396–
7,
398,
399

neurobiological factors,
207, 207t

antisaccade tasks,
5

neuropsychological profile,
207

anterior cingulate cortex,
5

personality,
208

antibiotics, as cause of toxic psychosis,

anxiety disorder,
33,
360,
396

vs. schizophrenia in older adults,

182–
3

apraxic gait,
51

205t

anticholinergic intoxication,
27

aripiprazole,
395–
6,
398

amantadine,
370

anticholinergics

Arsenault, L.,
172

Amemiya, S.,
233

as cause of toxic psychosis,
181–
2

Arseneault, L.,
120

Amini, F. B.,
144

and leukodystrophies,
250

Askevold, F.,
130

amitriptyline,
182,
370

anticonvulsants, as cause of toxic

psychosis,
182

atropine,
27

amphetamines

as cause of psychosis,
116

antidepressants, as cause of toxic

attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

epidemiology of,
129

psychosis,
182

(ADHD),
129,
313

hyperlocomotion model,
150–
1

antiemetics, as cause of toxic

auditory hallucinations,
5

psychosis induced by,
129–
30,
131

psychosis,
182

in brain tumor,
266

use of,
115

functional imaging studies on,
66

antiparkinsonians, as cause of toxic

amygdala

See also secondary auditory

psychosis,
182

cognitive processing role of,
5–
6

hallucinations

volume reduction in,
6

antipsychotics

auras,
370

aripiprazole,
395–
6,
398

Andreasson, S.,
119,
170–
1

atypical antipsychotic medications,

autism,
396

Angelman Syndrome,
330

395–
7

automated regional parcellation,
6

as cause of toxic psychosis,
182

Angrist, B. M.,
127,
131

clozapine,
397,
398,
399

Axis 1 psychiatric disorder,
122

animal studies, on psychotomimetic

conclusions,
400

Axis II psychiatric disorder,
122

effects of PCP,
149–
55

conventional antipsychotics,
395

Axis III psychiatric disorder,
18

amphetamine-induced

low potency,
395

hyperlocomotion model,

medium/high potency,
395

150–
1

general principles of drug treatment,

Babinski reflex,
48,
53

PCP-related,
151

394

Bacanu, S-A.,
207–
8

validity of,
150

genetic disorders,
398–
9

behavior/biomarker change,
152

Huntington’s Disease,
398–
9

baclofen,
353

ketamine,
152

Wilson’s Disease,
399

Bagley, C. R.,
189,
265,
274,
275,
276,

MK-801,
152,
153

implications for clinical practice,

334,
340

PCP,
152

399–
400

Bakker, C. B.,
144

drug development,
154–
5

medications,
394–
7

clozapine and acute

neurological disorders,
397–
8

Ballard, C.,
200

ketamine-induced model,

dementia,
397

barbituates,
87

154–
5

Parkinson’s Disease,
398

lamotrigine and ketamine-

seizure disorder,
398

Barr, A. M.,
135

induced model,
155

olanzapine,
396,
397,
398,
399

Bartolucci, G.,
329

LY354740,
155

penicillin,
394

N-acetylaspartylglutamate

quetiapine,
396,
398,
399

basal ganglia calcification (BGC),
358,

peptidase inhibitors,
155

risperidone,
396,
397,
398,
399