Secondary Schizophrenia (166 page)

359–
60

sarcosine,
155

secondary schizophrenia,
397

Bassiony, M. M.,
206,
207

Batki, S. L.,
130–
1

functional MRI,
5,
146–
7

Braun, C.,
26,
49

Batten’s Disease,
219

gray matter volume,
63

Bray, G. A.,
329

PCP-related models,
152

Bayesian approach,
292

task-induced changes,
5,
64

brief interictal psychosis (BIP),
86–
7

Beard, A. W.,
340

postictal psychosis as distinct from,

Bloom Syndrome (BS),
330

88

Beardsmore, A.,
328–
9

Boer, H.,
328

Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS),

Berginer, V. M.,
249

Boileau, I.,
134

146

Bell, D. S.,
129

bone marrow transplantation (BMT),

brimonidine,
370

belladonna,
27

243

Broadmann areas,
66

Bentall, R.,
21

Bonferroni correction,
292

Broca’s area,
30

benzodiazepines

borderline personality disorder,
396–
7

Brodaty, H. M. P.,
360

as cause of toxic psychosis,
182,
183

Boutros, N.,
119,
129,
266

and delirium,
145

Brown, B. I.,
143

and epilepsy,
87

Bowers, M. B. Jr.,
119

Brown, E. S.,
135

and Huntington’s Disease,
353

Bracha, H.,
22,
25

Bruton, C. J.,
92–
3,
94

and leukodystrophies,
250

Brady, K. T.,
134

and multiple sclerosis,
277

Burns, A.,
180,
205

and substance abuse,
143,
148,
399

bradykinesia,
349

and Wilson’s Disease,
341

brain injury

Campos, Y.,
235–
6

withdrawal from,
121

antipsychotic medications for,
397

cannabis use

Berger, H.,
60

See also traumatic brain

as cause of psychosis,
116
See also
injury

Berrios, G. E.,
340

cannabis use, schizophrenia

brain stones,
359

secondary to

Best Estimate Final Diagnosis (BEFD),

289

brain tumors

cannabis use, schizophrenia secondary

cerebral tumors,
264

to

beta band electrical activity,
65

classification,
263–
4

biological plausibility,
173–
4

bipolar disorder,
274,
293,
316,
330,

clinical manifestations,
265–
6

cannabinoid receptor (CB1) role,

381–
2

nature of psychotic symptoms,

173–
4

and antipsychotic medications,
394,

265–
6

causal relationships, possible,
169

395–
6,
397

other tumor features influencing

COMT role,
172,
174,
175

bipolar-schizomania,
289

symptoms,
265

conclusions,
175

and Fahr’s Disease,
360

tumor location and laterality,
265

dopaminergic system role,
173–
4,

hallucinations in,
22

tumor type,
265

175

and Huntington’s Disease,
349

conclusions,
268

epidemiology of,
128–
9

and multiple sclerosis,
274

diagnosis,
263

exacerbation of schizophrenia,

and Niemann-Pick Disease type C,

diagnostic criteria,
264

174–
5

217–
18

diagnostic evaluation,
266–
7

future research,
175

and traumatic brain injury,
187,
188,

history and examination,
266

intervention studies,
173

192

neuroimaging,
266

longitudinal studies,
170–
3

and velocardiofacial syndrome,
309,

other tests,
266–
7

cannabis use and hostile behavior,

311–
12

epidemiology,
264–
5

173

and Wilson’s Disease,
341

future research,
269

New Zealand birth cohort study,

bipolar maintenance therapy,
396

gliomas,
263,
264–
5

172

implications for clinical practice,

Swedish conscript study,
119–
20,

bipolar mania,
396

268–
9

170

Bird, T. D.,
206

intercranial tumors,
264

follow-up study,
171

interrelationship with psychosis,
267

rejection of hypothesis,
170–
1

Birley, J. L. T.,
18

meningiomas,
264–
5

replication of,
171–
2

birth trauma, and schizophrenia,
193

as organic psychosis,
264

temporal relationship,
172–
3

Blackwood, D. H.,
294

prevalence,
263,
264

precipitant of psychosis,
170

treatment of psychosis,
267–
8

self-medication hypothesis,
173

Bleuler, E.,
48,
144–
5,
289

antipsychotic medication,
268

tetrahydrocannabinol role,
169,
173,

Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent

seizures,
268

174

(BOLD)

steroids,
268

Capgras Syndrome,
9,
191,
205

brain activation study,
146–
7

Brasic, J.,
22

carbamazepine,
87

cardiac arrhythmia,
149

hallucination generation theories,

risk factors of chronic SLP with

Cartesian dualism,
16

24,
26,
372–
3

epilepsy

deafferentation syndrome,
372–
3,

age at onset/duration/severity of

Caspi, A.,
118,
172,
174,
175

374

epilepsy,
89–
90

cataracts,
218

Perception and Attention Deficit

family history,
91

Model,
372

laterality of epileptic focus,
91

catatonia, in brain tumor,
266

history of,
369

mediobasal or neocortical

catechol-O-methyltransferase

implications for clinical practice,

temporal lobe epilepsy,
90

(COMT),
118,
317–
18

374–
5

premorbid personality,
91

macular hole, hallucinations caused

sex,
91

CATIE-AD study,
397

by,
371,
372f

summary of,
90t

CATIE study,
395

prevalence and incidence of,
374

temporal lobe epilepsy,
90

CBI receptors,
107

simple hallucinations,
370–
2

Clarke, D.,
328

examples,
371f

central nervous system (CNS) disease

visual impairment,
374–
5

Cleghorn, J. M.,
174

auditory hallucinations and,
28,
29

toxoplasmosis and,
281

Charles-Nicolas, A. J.,
130

clobazam,
87

cerebral blood flow (CBF)

Chen, C.,
33

clozapine,
397

early studies on,
60

and acute ketamine-induced model,

Chen, C. K.,
130

in normal pressure hydrocephalus,

154–
5

Chen, E. Y.,
48

259

animal studies on,
154–
5

in postictal psychosis,
85

Cherland, F.,
129

and Huntington’s Disease,
353,
399

and leukodystrophies,
250

cerebral disconnectivity,
61–
3

Child Health and Development Study

and parkinsonian symptoms,
398,

(CHDS),
280–
1

cerebral tumors,
264

399

childhood-onset schizophrenia,
6–
7

and seizures,
87–
8,
398

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
258

Chisholm, S. E.,
180

cluster headache,
33

cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis

(CTX),
218–
19,
248–
9

chlorpromazine,
143

Cobb, S.,
33

cerebrovascular disease and psychosis

cholinergic deficit,
24–
5

cocaine

conclusions,
201

epidemiology of,
128–
9

chromosome 22q11.2 deletion

delusional disorder and

illicit use,
115,
120

syndrome. See

schizophrenia,
201

and psychosis,
116,
130–
1,
132

velocardiofacial syndrome

post-stroke psychosis

coenzyme Q,
233,
235

case report on symptoms,
197–
8

chronic alcoholism,
53

hallucinations in,
198

coenzyme Q

chronic interictal psychoses,
88–
95

10,
230,
335

hallucinosis in,
198

chronic SLP with epilepsy risk

Cogan, D.,
24,
372

mechanisms leading to,
199–
200

factors,
89–
91

cognitive behavior therapy (CBT),

phenomenology of,
198

clinical features,
88–
9

410–
11,
413–
14

prevalence of,
198

evidence for schizophrenia/epilepsy