Shadow Warrior (83 page)

24
. Ibid., 138; Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 39.

25
. Quoted in Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 26.

26
. Irwin,
Jedburghs
, xiv.

27
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 23; Operations, Team Bruce, OSS Microfilm, Roll 80, Frames 0925-0944, UK National Archives, Kew, London.

28
. Operations, Team Bruce, OSS Microfilm, Roll 80, Frames 0925-0944, UK National Archives, Kew, London; Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 24.

29
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 25, 39–40; Operations, Team Bruce, OSS Microfilm, Roll 80, Frames 0925-0945, UK National Archives, Kew, London.

30
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 40.

31
. Ibid., 41.

32
. Irwin,
Jedburghs
, 142–143; Operations, Team Bruce, OSS Microfilm, Roll 80, Frames 0925-0944, UK National Archives, Kew, London.

33
. Marcus Binney,
The Women Who Lived for Danger: The Agents of the Special Operations Executive
(New York: 2002), 247; Irwin,
Jedburghs
, 60–61.

34
. Binney,
Women Who Lived
, 249–250, 255–266; Irwin,
Jedburghs
, 137–138.

35
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 42; Operations, Team Bruce, OSS Microfilm, Roll 80, Frames 0925-0944, UK National Archives, Kew, London.

36
. Operations, Team Bruce, OSS Microfilm, Roll 80, Frames 0925-0944, UK National Archives, Kew, London.

37
. Quoted in Irwin,
Jedburghs
, 147, 149.

38
. Author interview with John Colby, June 8, 2007; Irwin,
Jedburghs
, 147; Operations, Team Bruce, OSS Microfilm, Roll 80, Frames 0925-0944, UK National Archives, Kew, London.

39
. Operations, Team Bruce, OSS Microfilm, Roll 80, Frames 0925-0944, UK National Archives, Kew, London; Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 43.

40
. “Colby After Action Report,” August 14/15, 1944, Files of the Special Operations Executive, File HS 7/17, UK National Archives, Kew, London; Binney,
Women Who Lived
, 262.

41
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 43; Irwin,
Jedburghs
, 152.

42
. Prados,
Lost Crusader
, 18; Operations, Team Bruce, OSS Microfilm, Roll 80, Frames 0925-0944, UK National Archives, Kew, London.

43
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 44; Prados,
Lost Crusader
, 18.

44
. Colby Military Personnel File, CREST.

1
. John Prados,
Lost Crusader: The Secret Wars of CIA Director William Colby
(New York: 2003), 28–29.

2
. William Colby and Peter Forbath,
Honorable Men: My Life in the CIA
(New York: 1978), 44.

3
. Prados,
Lost Crusader
, 29–30; Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 45.

4
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 45.

5
. Prados,
Lost Crusader
, 31; William E. Colby, “Skis and Daggers,” CIA Historical Center, Washington, DC, 4.

6
. “Recommendation for Silver Star, William E. Colby,” June 29, 1945, CREST; Colby, “Skis and Daggers,” 3; Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 46.

7
. Colby, “Skis and Daggers,” 6.

8
. Ibid.

9
. Ibid., 7–8.

10
. Ibid.

11
. Ibid.

12
. Quoted in T. E. Lawrence,
Seven Pillars of Wisdom: A Triumph
(Garden City, NY: 1938), 30.

13
. Colby, “Skis and Daggers,” 9; Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 48. See also Patrick K. O'Donnell,
Operatives, Spies, and Saboteurs: The Unknown Story of the Men and Women of World War II's OSS
(New York: 2004), 275–276.

14
. “Recommendation for Silver Star, William E. Colby,” June 29, 1945, CREST; Colby, “Skis and Daggers,” 9.

15
. Colby, “Skis and Daggers,” 10.

16
. “Recommendation for Silver Star, William E. Colby,” June 29, 1945, CREST; Colby, “Skis and Daggers,” 11; Prados,
Lost Crusader
, 33.

17
. Colby, “Skis and Daggers,” 9–10.

18
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 49; Prados,
Lost Crusader
, 33.

19
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 50.

20
. Ibid., 51.

21
. “Recommendation for Silver Star, William E. Colby,” June 29, 1945, CREST.

22
. Cormac McCarthy,
Blood Meridian; or The Evening Redness in the West
(New York: 2001), 249.

23
. Colby, “Skis and Daggers,” 9–10.

24
. McCarthy,
Blood Meridian
, 249.

25
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 51.

26
. Ibid., 52.

27
. “OSS Personnel Evaluation, William E. Colby,” Aug. 6, 1946, CREST; Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 52.

28
. Prados,
Lost Crusader
, 37.

29
. Quoted in ibid.

1
. Quoted in Anthony Cave Brown,
The Last Hero: Wild Bill Donovan
(New York: 1984).

2
. Quoted in ibid.

3
. Tom Braden, “The Birth of the CIA: When and How It Got the Green Light to Conduct ‘Subversive Operations Abroad,'”
American Heritage
28, no. 2 (1977); William Colby and Peter Forbath,
Honorable Men: My Life in the CIA
(New York: 1978), 60.

4
. Braden, “Birth of the CIA”; Richard Helms, with William Hood,
A Look over My Shoulder: A Life in the Central Intelligence Agency
(New York: 2003), 66.

5
. Quoted in Hugh Wilford,
The Mighty Wurlitzer: How the CIA Played America
(Cambridge, MA: 2009), 23; Braden, “Birth of the CIA”; Helms,
A Look over My Shoulder
, 73.

6
. Quoted in Wilford,
The Mighty Wurlitzer
, 22.

7
. Braden, “Birth of the CIA.”

8
. Quoted in Wilford,
The Mighty Wurlitzer
, 23–25.

9
. Wilford,
The Mighty Wurlitzer
, 23–27; Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 71–72. For an excellent scholarly history of the CIA, see Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones,
The CIA and American Democracy
, 3rd ed. (New Haven, CT: 2003).

10
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 62, 64.

11
. Ibid., 64–65.

12
. Quoted in Kati Marton,
The Polk Conspiracy: Murder and Cover-up in the Case of CBS News Correspondent George Polk
(New York: 1990), 14; see also 3–13.

13
. Quoted in John Prados,
Lost Crusader: The Secret Wars of CIA Director William Colby
(New York: 2003), 41.

14
. Ibid., 40–41.

15
. Marton,
Polk Conspiracy
, 162, 289–290.

16
. Ibid., 310.

17
. Quoted in Prados,
Lost Crusader
, 41.

18
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 76, 77; Prados,
Lost Crusader
, 43.

19
. Author interview with Jenonne Walker, June 16, 2010.

1
. Author interview with Christine Colby and Jack Giraudo, June 5, 2010.

2
. Author interview with Carl Colby, Jan. 9, 2007. Graham Greene, author of
The Third Man
, was engaging in a bit of literary license. The cuckoo clock was a German and not a Swiss invention.

3
. William Colby and Peter Forbath,
Honorable Men: My Life in the CIA
(New York: 1978), 77.

4
. Ibid., 65, 73; author interview with John Colby, Jan. 12, 2007; Cormac McCarthy,
Blood Meridian; or The Evening Redness in the West
(New York: 2001).

5
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 77.

6
. Author interview with Stan Temko, Jan. 6, 2007; Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 78.

7
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 79, 87.

8
. Ibid., 61, 104.

9
. John Prados,
Lost Crusader: The Secret Wars of CIA Director William Colby
(New York: 2003), 44.

10
. Richard Helms, with William Hood,
A Look over My Shoulder: A Life in the Central Intelligence Agency
(New York: 2003), 115; “Moscow Rules: Spy Tradecraft,” Feb. 15, 2009,
http://militaryhistorymatters.blogspot.com/2009/02/moscow-rules-spy-tradecraft.html
.

11
. Victor Marchetti,
The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence
(New York: 1974), 263.

12
. Ibid., 260–264; Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 107; Norman Mailer,
Harlot's Ghost
(New York: 1991), 413.

13
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 88–89.

14
. See Helge Pharo, “Scandinavia,” in David Reynolds, ed.,
The Origins of the Cold War in Europe: International Perspectives
(New Haven, CT: 1994), 194–223; Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 83.

15
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 91–92; Prados,
Lost Crusader
, 46.

16
. Quoted in Hugh Wilford,
The Mighty Wurlitzer: How the CIA Played America
(Cambridge, MA: 2009), 45–46.

17
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 98.

18
. Ibid., 100; author interview with John Colby, June 4, 2010.

19
. Prados,
Lost Crusader
, 48–49.

20
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 90.

21
. Author interview with Edward Ryan, Jan. 11, 2007.

22
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 104.

23
. Richard H. Shultz,
The Secret War Against Hanoi: Kennedy's and Johnson's Use of Spies, Saboteurs, and Covert Warriors
(New York: 1999), 11.

24
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 8, 91.

25
. Quoted in Prados,
Lost Crusader
, 51.

1
. James E. Miller, “Roughhouse Diplomacy: The United States Confronts Italian Communism, 1945–1958,”
Storia Delle Relazioni Internazionali
5 (1989–1992): 287–288; “Italian and French Struggle Against Communism: Summary for Secretary Marshall, May 26, 1947,” National Archives and Records Administration (NARA hereafter), Secretary of State's Weekly Summary, 1947–1949, National Security Archive (NSA hereafter), Washington, DC.

2
. “Summary for Secretary Marshall”; Miller, “Roughhouse Diplomacy,” 290–291; Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin,
The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB
(New York: 1999), 276–277.

3
. Miller, “Roughhouse Diplomacy,” 300.

4
. Mario Del Pero, “American Pressures and Their Containment in Italy During the Ambassadorship of Clare Boothe Luce, 1953–1956,”
Diplomatic History
18, no. 3 (2004): 412–413; Leopoldo Nuti, “The United States, Italy, and the Opening to the Left, 1953–1963,”
Journal of Cold War Studies
4, no. 3 (2002): 39–40.

5
. Del Pero, “American Pressures,” 417–418.

6
. Author interview with Carl Colby, Jan. 9, 2007.

7
. William Colby and Peter Forbath,
Honorable Men: My Life in the CIA
(New York: 1978), 109.

8
. Ibid., 111.

9
. John Prados,
Lost Crusader: The Secret Wars of CIA Director William Colby
(New York: 2003), 55.

10
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 108; Martina A. Lee, “Colby of the CIA,”
Mother Jones
, July 1983, 21–24.

11
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 113.

12
. Author interview with Tom McCoy, Jan. 11, 2007.

13
. Author interview with John Colby, Jan. 12, 2007; Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 109.