The Aeneid (56 page)
7.375-77
wedding torch . . . funeral torch . . . :
Hecuba dreamed, before giving birth to Paris, that she was pregnant with a burning torch. Juno sees Aeneas as a second Paris, snatching Lavinia as the latter did Helen, to become himself a bane to Troy as the city is reborn.
wedding torch . . . funeral torch . . . :
Hecuba dreamed, before giving birth to Paris, that she was pregnant with a burning torch. Juno sees Aeneas as a second Paris, snatching Lavinia as the latter did Helen, to become himself a bane to Troy as the city is reborn.
7.434-36
Turnus too: track down the roots . . . :
His Greek roots, delineated here, together with his Iliadic ferocity, support the Sibyl’s designation of him, at 6.106, as “a new Achilles.”
Turnus too: track down the roots . . . :
His Greek roots, delineated here, together with his Iliadic ferocity, support the Sibyl’s designation of him, at 6.106, as “a new Achilles.”
7.770
hero of Tiryns:
Hercules was born in Tiryns, in the Argolid, and his mother, Alcmena, was the daughter of the king of Tiryns.
hero of Tiryns:
Hercules was born in Tiryns, in the Argolid, and his mother, Alcmena, was the daughter of the king of Tiryns.
7.850
a supple thong for swifter hurling:
Horsfall on 7.731 says that the throwing-strap was “to impart rotatory motion.”
a supple thong for swifter hurling:
Horsfall on 7.731 says that the throwing-strap was “to impart rotatory motion.”
7.884-908
Virbius, striking son of Hippolytus . . . :
Hippolytus, son of Theseus and Hippolyte, was torn apart by his horses at his father’s command, for his supposed involvement with his stepmother, Phaedra. He was restored to life by Aesculapius, with the help of Diana. He settled in Aricia, a town in Latium east of Rome where there was a grove and temple sacred to Diana, on the edge of modern Lago di Nemi.
Virbius, striking son of Hippolytus . . . :
Hippolytus, son of Theseus and Hippolyte, was torn apart by his horses at his father’s command, for his supposed involvement with his stepmother, Phaedra. He was restored to life by Aesculapius, with the help of Diana. He settled in Aricia, a town in Latium east of Rome where there was a grove and temple sacred to Diana, on the edge of modern Lago di Nemi.
8.54-57
On these shores Arcadians sprung from Pallas . . . :
Evander, descendant of PALLAS (2), king of Arcadia in the western Peloponnese, was driven into exile for killing his father. With his Arcadian followers he settled in the Tiber valley, founding Pallanteum on the future site of Rome.
On these shores Arcadians sprung from Pallas . . . :
Evander, descendant of PALLAS (2), king of Arcadia in the western Peloponnese, was driven into exile for killing his father. With his Arcadian followers he settled in the Tiber valley, founding Pallanteum on the future site of Rome.
8.84
you great horned king of the rivers of the West:
Rivers are often depicted with the face and horns of a bull, emblematic of its roar and, more generally, power. See 8.852.
you great horned king of the rivers of the West:
Rivers are often depicted with the face and horns of a bull, emblematic of its roar and, more generally, power. See 8.852.
8.315
The Greatest Altar:
The
Ara Maxima
was dedicated to Hercules Invictus, the Unconquered, to whom an annual sacrifice was offered on August 12. It was located in the Forum Boarium on the banks of the Tiber. Its remains may lie beneath the present Church of Santa Maria in Cosmedin.
The Greatest Altar:
The
Ara Maxima
was dedicated to Hercules Invictus, the Unconquered, to whom an annual sacrifice was offered on August 12. It was located in the Forum Boarium on the banks of the Tiber. Its remains may lie beneath the present Church of Santa Maria in Cosmedin.
8.346
Centaurs born of the clouds:
Ixion attempted to rape Hera, but Zeus substituted for her a cloud, resulting in the first Centaur; see CENTAURS and IXION.
Centaurs born of the clouds:
Ixion attempted to rape Hera, but Zeus substituted for her a cloud, resulting in the first Centaur; see CENTAURS and IXION.
8.426-30
Hercules in his triumph stooped to enter here . . . :
As Gransden remarks (note 8.364-65), “On this celebrated sentiment Dryden observed ‘I am lost in the admiration of it. I contemn the world when I think of it, and myself when I translate it.’”
Hercules in his triumph stooped to enter here . . . :
As Gransden remarks (note 8.364-65), “On this celebrated sentiment Dryden observed ‘I am lost in the admiration of it. I contemn the world when I think of it, and myself when I translate it.’”
8.450
Remember Aurora . . . and Nereus’ daughter:
Thetis, sea-nymph and mother of Achilles, had asked Hephaestus (Vulcan) to make armor for her son, the same request as that of Aurora, wife of Tithonus, for her son Memnon. The shield of Achilles is described in
Iliad
18.558-709.
Remember Aurora . . . and Nereus’ daughter:
Thetis, sea-nymph and mother of Achilles, had asked Hephaestus (Vulcan) to make armor for her son, the same request as that of Aurora, wife of Tithonus, for her son Memnon. The shield of Achilles is described in
Iliad
18.558-709.
8.738-853
There is the story of Italy . . . :
For the historical events emblazoned on the shield of Aeneas, see Introduction, pp. 33-36.
There is the story of Italy . . . :
For the historical events emblazoned on the shield of Aeneas, see Introduction, pp. 33-36.
9.166-71
‘To die once is enough’? / The crime they committed once should be enough . . . :
See Fairclough’s reading, reproduced by Goold, of this difficult passage: “The argument is this: one would have expected them to be haters of women, rather than commit a second offence like that of abducting Helen, especially as they are cowards who refuse to face a fight” (rev. Fairclough, 2000, note 9.6). See Hardie, 1994, note 9.140-42.
‘To die once is enough’? / The crime they committed once should be enough . . . :
See Fairclough’s reading, reproduced by Goold, of this difficult passage: “The argument is this: one would have expected them to be haters of women, rather than commit a second offence like that of abducting Helen, especially as they are cowards who refuse to face a fight” (rev. Fairclough, 2000, note 9.6). See Hardie, 1994, note 9.140-42.
9.466-68
You, goddess, Latona’s daughter:
That is, the MOON.
You, goddess, Latona’s daughter:
That is, the MOON.
9.604
help me unroll the massive scroll of war:
The metaphor is based on the unfolding of a large book-scroll dealing with the martial events to follow.
help me unroll the massive scroll of war:
The metaphor is based on the unfolding of a large book-scroll dealing with the martial events to follow.
9.681
penned up twice over inside blockaded ramparts:
First at Troy, and now in Italy.
penned up twice over inside blockaded ramparts:
First at Troy, and now in Italy.
10.96-97
you can / whisk Aeneas clear of the clutches of the Greeks:
As Williams explains (1973, note 10.81f.), “The reference here is to the story told in Homer [
Iliad
5.347-55] of how Aphrodite saved Aeneas from Diomedes and Apollo concealed him in a cloud.”
you can / whisk Aeneas clear of the clutches of the Greeks:
As Williams explains (1973, note 10.81f.), “The reference here is to the story told in Homer [
Iliad
5.347-55] of how Aphrodite saved Aeneas from Diomedes and Apollo concealed him in a cloud.”
10.132
Trojan or Italian, I make no choice between them:
Is this an expression of Jupiter’s impartiality, or is it in fact a momentary act of abdication from human affairs? See Introduction, p. 21.
Trojan or Italian, I make no choice between them:
Is this an expression of Jupiter’s impartiality, or is it in fact a momentary act of abdication from human affairs? See Introduction, p. 21.
10.242
Mantua:
Mantua (modern Mantova) lies in the Po valley, south of Verona and some ten miles north of the river itself. Virgil was born just to the south of Mantua, in the village of Andes. Archeology has confirmed its Etrurian origin, which Virgil details at 10.242-46. See Introduction, pp. 2, 3, 11.
Mantua:
Mantua (modern Mantova) lies in the Po valley, south of Verona and some ten miles north of the river itself. Virgil was born just to the south of Mantua, in the village of Andes. Archeology has confirmed its Etrurian origin, which Virgil details at 10.242-46. See Introduction, pp. 2, 3, 11.
10.587-90
the sword-belt’s massive weight / engraved with its monstrous crime . . . :
The baldric contains depictions of the forty-nine of the fifty daughters of Danaus, the Danaids, who murdered their cousin-husbands, sons of Aegyptus, on their wedding night.
the sword-belt’s massive weight / engraved with its monstrous crime . . . :
The baldric contains depictions of the forty-nine of the fifty daughters of Danaus, the Danaids, who murdered their cousin-husbands, sons of Aegyptus, on their wedding night.
10.917
my son, my living trophy over Aeneas:
A trophy (
tropaeum
in Latin) consisted of a tree trimmed to human shape and decked with the armor of a slain warrior so as to resemble the dead. Lausus according to Mezentius will be a living trophy of Aeneas once he dons the Trojan’s weaponry. Further, see Aeneas’ construction of a trophy in the image of Mezentius, his victim, 11.5-13.
my son, my living trophy over Aeneas:
A trophy (
tropaeum
in Latin) consisted of a tree trimmed to human shape and decked with the armor of a slain warrior so as to resemble the dead. Lausus according to Mezentius will be a living trophy of Aeneas once he dons the Trojan’s weaponry. Further, see Aeneas’ construction of a trophy in the image of Mezentius, his victim, 11.5-13.
11.315-36
we have been driven / to many shores:
For the fateful homeward journeys of many Greek leaders, see AGAMEMNON (“the Mycenaean commander,” 11.322), ULYSSES (see CYCLOPS), DIOMEDES (see PALLADIUM and Notes 2.211, 11.335-6), IDOMENEUS, LOCRI, and MENELAUS (see PROTEUS).
we have been driven / to many shores:
For the fateful homeward journeys of many Greek leaders, see AGAMEMNON (“the Mycenaean commander,” 11.322), ULYSSES (see CYCLOPS), DIOMEDES (see PALLADIUM and Notes 2.211, 11.335-6), IDOMENEUS, LOCRI, and MENELAUS (see PROTEUS).
11.335-36
I like a maniac attacked . . . Venus . . . :
As one of the highpoints of his
aristeia
in
Iliad
5.370-494, Diomedes assaulted Venus, an outrageous action for which, as he maintains in this passage, the gods have punished him and his people ever since.
I like a maniac attacked . . . Venus . . . :
As one of the highpoints of his
aristeia
in
Iliad
5.370-494, Diomedes assaulted Venus, an outrageous action for which, as he maintains in this passage, the gods have punished him and his people ever since.
11.483-85
the Myrmidon captains cringe . . . :
We have here two examples of
adunata
(impossibilities), the one historical—the Greeks will be afraid of the Trojans—the other natural—the Aufidus will reverse its current.
the Myrmidon captains cringe . . . :
We have here two examples of
adunata
(impossibilities), the one historical—the Greeks will be afraid of the Trojans—the other natural—the Aufidus will reverse its current.
12.488-96
some dittany fresh / from Cretan Ida . . . and redolent cure-all too:
In addition to the dittany in her potion, Venus distills ambrosia which, as food or unguent, is always associated with the immortal gods and their powers. Panacea (“cure-all”) was an herb noted for its medicinal properties.
some dittany fresh / from Cretan Ida . . . and redolent cure-all too:
In addition to the dittany in her potion, Venus distills ambrosia which, as food or unguent, is always associated with the immortal gods and their powers. Panacea (“cure-all”) was an herb noted for its medicinal properties.
12.573-77
Aeneas . . . stung by treachery now:
This seems to refer to the Latins’ treachery in violating the truce, “attacking [Aeneas] when he was not fighting them [12.544-46] but only seeking Turnus” (Williams, 1973, note 12.494).
Aeneas . . . stung by treachery now:
This seems to refer to the Latins’ treachery in violating the truce, “attacking [Aeneas] when he was not fighting them [12.544-46] but only seeking Turnus” (Williams, 1973, note 12.494).
12.870-71
frightened back by the ropes / with blood-red feathers:
Virgil describes a cord, with crimson feathers attached, which hunters would use to surround game and pen them in.
frightened back by the ropes / with blood-red feathers:
Virgil describes a cord, with crimson feathers attached, which hunters would use to surround game and pen them in.
12.980-88
They say there are twin Curses called the Furies . . . :
The twin Furies are Allecto and Tisiphone, sisters of Megaera. The Curses (
Dirae
) and the Furies are regularly synonymous.
They say there are twin Curses called the Furies . . . :
The twin Furies are Allecto and Tisiphone, sisters of Megaera. The Curses (
Dirae
) and the Furies are regularly synonymous.
PRONOUNCING GLOSSARY
The main purpose of this Glossary is to indicate pronunciation. Identifications are typically brief, and are amplified by reference to the Translation, and often to the Introduction, the Notes on the Translation, and other Glossary entries as well. Usually only the first appearance of a name is listed.
The Latin vowels vary in pronunciation, sometimes but not always according to the length of the Latin syllable, and the reader will have to find guidance in the rhythm of the English line or consult this Glossary, where, for example, long ‘i’ is conveyed through either ‘eye’ (Anchises:
an-keye
‘
-seez
) or ‘ee’ (Aequi Falisci:
ee
’
-kwee fa-lees
‘
-kee
). Stress is indicated by an apostrophe
after
the stressed syllable (
af
’
-ter
). When a name is Anglicized, or has a standard English equivalent, we follow English pronunciation as a guide.
an-keye
‘
-seez
) or ‘ee’ (Aequi Falisci:
ee
’
-kwee fa-lees
‘
-kee
). Stress is indicated by an apostrophe
after
the stressed syllable (
af
’
-ter
). When a name is Anglicized, or has a standard English equivalent, we follow English pronunciation as a guide.
Phonetic Equivalents:
a
as in
cat
ay
as in
day
aw
as in
raw
ai
as in
air
ah
as in
fathero
as in
pot
oh
as in
bone
oo
as in
boot
or
as in
bore
oy
as in
boye
as in
pet
ee
as in
feets
as in
hiss
th
as in
thini
as in
bit
eye
as in
biteu
as
us
ur
as in
burst
ABARIS
(
a‘-ba-ris
): Rutulian in Turnus’ forces, killed by Euryalus, 9.400.
(
a‘-ba-ris
): Rutulian in Turnus’ forces, killed by Euryalus, 9.400.
ABAS
(
a‘-bas
): (1) one of Aeneas’ captains, his ship caught in the storm off Carthage, 1.142. (2) Ancient king of Argos, 3.342. (3) Etruscan from Populonia, an ally of Aeneas, 10.206.
(
a‘-bas
): (1) one of Aeneas’ captains, his ship caught in the storm off Carthage, 1.142. (2) Ancient king of Argos, 3.342. (3) Etruscan from Populonia, an ally of Aeneas, 10.206.
ABELLA
(
a-bee‘-la
): Campanian town noted for its profusion of apples, 7.861.
(
a-bee‘-la
): Campanian town noted for its profusion of apples, 7.861.
ACAMAS
(
a‘-ka-mas
): Greek, son of Theseus, raider hidden in the Trojan horse, 2.333.
(
a‘-ka-mas
): Greek, son of Theseus, raider hidden in the Trojan horse, 2.333.
ACARNANIAN
(
a-kar-nay‘-ni-an
): Greek from Acarnania, an area in west-central Greece, 5.332.
(
a-kar-nay‘-ni-an
): Greek from Acarnania, an area in west-central Greece, 5.332.
ACCA
(
ay‘-ka
): ally and confidante of Camilla, 11.960.
(
ay‘-ka
): ally and confidante of Camilla, 11.960.
ACESTA
(
a-kees‘-ta
): western Sicilian city, named after King Acestes, now Segesta, 5.796.
(
a-kees‘-ta
): western Sicilian city, named after King Acestes, now Segesta, 5.796.
ACESTES
(
a-kees‘-teez
): king of Sicily, born of Trojan stock, son of Crinisus, and an ally of Anchises and Aeneas, whom he hosts in his island home; he places first in the archery contest at Anchises’ funeral games, since his arrow shoots into a flaming omen, 1.230. See Note 5.539-98.
(
a-kees‘-teez
): king of Sicily, born of Trojan stock, son of Crinisus, and an ally of Anchises and Aeneas, whom he hosts in his island home; he places first in the archery contest at Anchises’ funeral games, since his arrow shoots into a flaming omen, 1.230. See Note 5.539-98.
ACHAEMENIDES
(
a-kee-men‘-i-deez
): comrade of Ulysses, who abandons him on the Cyclops’ island; saved from the one-eyed monsters by Aeneas and his Trojans, 3.712.
(
a-kee-men‘-i-deez
): comrade of Ulysses, who abandons him on the Cyclops’ island; saved from the one-eyed monsters by Aeneas and his Trojans, 3.712.
ACHAEANS
(
a-kee‘-anz
): Greeks and their allies ranged against the Trojans in the ten-year siege of the city; 6.962, more generally, a collective name for all Greek people, and ACHAEAN (
a-kee’-an
) for their effects, 12.417.
(
a-kee‘-anz
): Greeks and their allies ranged against the Trojans in the ten-year siege of the city; 6.962, more generally, a collective name for all Greek people, and ACHAEAN (
a-kee’-an
) for their effects, 12.417.
ACHATES
(
a-kah‘-teez
): loyal confidante and steadfast comrade of Aeneas, 1.142.
(
a-kah‘-teez
): loyal confidante and steadfast comrade of Aeneas, 1.142.
ACHERON
(
a‘-ke-ron
): “Sad Acheron of sorrow, black and deep,” in Milton’s phrase, one of the major rivers in the Underworld, 5.119. See Note 3.262.
(
a‘-ke-ron
): “Sad Acheron of sorrow, black and deep,” in Milton’s phrase, one of the major rivers in the Underworld, 5.119. See Note 3.262.
ACHILLES
(
a-kil‘-eez
): son of Peleus and Thetis, grandson of Aeacus, father of Pyrrhus (also called Neoptolemus); commander of the Myrmidons, killer of Hector and many other Trojans, killed by Paris empowered by Apollo; the hero of the
Iliad,
1.38.
(
a-kil‘-eez
): son of Peleus and Thetis, grandson of Aeacus, father of Pyrrhus (also called Neoptolemus); commander of the Myrmidons, killer of Hector and many other Trojans, killed by Paris empowered by Apollo; the hero of the
Iliad,
1.38.
ACMON
(
ayk‘-mon
): comrade of Aeneas, born in Lyrnesus; his father, Clytius (2); his brother, Menestheus, 10.158.
(
ayk‘-mon
): comrade of Aeneas, born in Lyrnesus; his father, Clytius (2); his brother, Menestheus, 10.158.
ACOETES
(
a-kee‘-teez
): Arcadian, armor-bearer of King Evander, comrade-in-arms of Pallas (3), whom he treats as a foster son, 11.37.
(
a-kee‘-teez
): Arcadian, armor-bearer of King Evander, comrade-in-arms of Pallas (3), whom he treats as a foster son, 11.37.
ACONTEUS
(
a-kohn‘-tyoos
): Latin, pitched off his horse by Tyrrhenus, who takes his life, 11.725.
(
a-kohn‘-tyoos
): Latin, pitched off his horse by Tyrrhenus, who takes his life, 11.725.
ACRAGAS
(
a‘-kra-gas
): Greek name (meaning “steep”) for a city on the southern coast of Sicily, one of Aeneas’ seamarks when he sails around the island; famous for breeding horses; now called Agrigento, 3.812.
(
a‘-kra-gas
): Greek name (meaning “steep”) for a city on the southern coast of Sicily, one of Aeneas’ seamarks when he sails around the island; famous for breeding horses; now called Agrigento, 3.812.
ACRISIUS
(
ay-kree‘-si-us
): king of Argos, father of Danaë; legendary builder of a capital city, Ardea, to the south of Rome, for his Rutulian people, 7.435.
(
ay-kree‘-si-us
): king of Argos, father of Danaë; legendary builder of a capital city, Ardea, to the south of Rome, for his Rutulian people, 7.435.
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