The Age of Radiance (84 page)

fishermen

thermonuclear testing affecting,
273
,
340

tsunami affecting,
344
–45

Fitch, Val,
196
,
203

Flerov, Georgi,
171
–72,
193
–94

Flexible Response strategy,
283
,
287
,
372

Fokker, Adriaan,
94
,
95

Fonda, Jane,
310

France,
351
,
364

Franck, James,
89
,
91
,
93
,
207
,
225

Frank, Barney,
334
–35

Frayn, Michael,
181

French Academy of Sciences (Académie des Sciences),
14
,
27
,
34
,
37
,
188
,
325

Frisch, David,
150

Frisch, Otto Robert,
91
,
121

atomic trigger device designed by,
166
–67

background of,
91

Meitner’s relationship with,
97
,
189
,
190

move to England by,
120

move to Los Alamos by,
152
–53

nuclear fission research of Meitner and,
99
–102,
103
,
105
,
144

thermal diffusion and,
162
–63

Frisén, Jonas,
378

Fromm, Friedrich,
183

Fuchs, Elizabeth,
170
–71

Fuchs, Klaus

background of,
170
–71

Los Alamos research by,
152
,
169
–70,
227
,
240

spying by,
170
,
171
,
172
,
173
,
194
,
237
,
238
,
239
,
240
,
251
,
259

Fukushima Daiichi power plant disaster, Japan,
5
,
340
–60

deaths from,
360

earthquake causing,
342
–45

evacuations after,
346
,
349
–50,
356

evidence of ancient tsunami near,
342

government regulators and,
352
–53,
354

health effects of,
350
,
358

heat generation from fission fragments in,
343
–44,
345
–46,
356

information withheld in,
350
–51,
354
–55

location of,
341
–42

plant damage after,
347
–49,
351
–52,
356
,
359
–60

political effects of,
357
,
359

private industry’s relationship with government regulators in,
353

radiation released in,
336
,
355
,
357
,
358

rehabilitation of area and resettlement after,
358
–59

steam venting in,
346
–47,
349

TEPCO’s responsibilities after,
351
–52

tsunami damage in,
344
–45,
352
–53

US consultants on,
349
,
351
,
355
,
356

workers at,
346
–48,
349
,
352
,
353
–55,
356
–57

Fuller, Loie,
33
–34

Gabor, Dennis,
75
,
79

Gale, Robert,
319
,
349

Gamow, George,
94
,
99
,
248
,
282

Gard, Robert,
334

Gardner, Meredith,
238
,
242

Garson, Greer,
51

Garwin, Richard,
225
,
247
–48,
251

Geiger, Hans,
74
,
87
,
89
,
113

Geitel, Hans Friedrich,
26

genetic abnormalities, and radiation,
326

Giannini, Gabriel Maria,
59
–60

Gibertson Company,
375

Giesel, Friedrich,
31
,
35
,
188

Girshfield, Viktor,
290

Glicksman, Maurice,
265

Gold, Harry,
170
,
172
–73,
240
–41,
242
,
251

Goldstine, Herman,
248

Goncharov, German,
255
,
275

Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company,
132
,
282

Gopnik, Adam,
337

Gorbachev, Mikhail

Chernobyl accident and,
318
,
359
,
361

International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) and,
364

on nuclear weapons,
328

proposed nuclear arms reduction treaty and,
329
–30,
332
–33

Reagan’s Strategic Defense Initiative and,
331
,
332

START treaty and,
333

Göring, Hermann,
183

Goudsmit, Samuel,
186
–87

Gore, Albert Sr.,
293
,
294

Great War (World War I),
32
–33,
36
,
74
,
89
,
91
,
193
,
372

Greenglass, David,
171
,
172
,
173
,
194
,
237
,
240
–41,
251

Greenglass, Ruth,
171
,
173
,
241

Greenglass, Samuel,
171

Greenewalt, Crawford,
134
,
138
,
164

Greisen, Kenneth,
204

Groves, Leslie

Allied bombing targets recommended by,
186

atomic bomb and,
197
,
198
,
199
,
206
,
207
,
202
,
229

Bohr surveillance ordered by,
174
–75

bombing of Japan as signal to Russia and,
222

bombing of Vemork plant, Norway, and,
178

intelligence missions of,
185
–86

Los Alamos and,
151
,
157
,
169
,
225
,
228

Manhattan Project management by,
147
–50,
156
,
165
,
175
,
197
–98,
199

Oak Ridge National Laboratory and,
161
,
162
–63

Oppenheimer and,
262

postwar atomic arms research and,
229
,
230

Russian scientists and,
194

silver supply and,
161

Soviet threat and,
227

Szilard and,
127
,
150
,
207
,
208

uranium source and,
154

Grubbe, Emil,
13

Haber, Fritz,
75
,
89
,
92
,
372
–73

Hahn, David,
362
–63

Hahn, Edith,
93

Hahn, Otto

Allied capture and internment of,
186
–87,
188
–89,
190

atomic bomb research and,
113
,
121
,
183
,
187

awards and recognition of,
190

Hitler’s Jewish laws and,
92
,
93

on Meitner,
86
,
96
,
98
,
191

Meitner’s research with,
64
,
84
,
85
–87,
88
–90,
98
,
99
,
100
,
102
,
103
,
121
,
189
,
190

Meitner’s treatment by,
92
,
93
,
96
–97,
102
–03,
189
,
190
–91

Nobel Prize to,
188
–89,
190

as scientist in Nazi Germany,
190
–91

Hall, Joan,
242

Hall, Theodore,
171
,
194
,
237
,
242

Hanford, Washington, reactor complex,
159
,
160
,
164
–65,
166
,
168
,
175
,
188
,
225
,
282

Harding, Warren G.,
50

Harris, Michael,
253
,
272

Harrison, Richard Stewart,
144

Haukelid, Knut,
178

Havenaar, Johan,
323
,
324

Hawkins, David,
192

Hawks, H. D.,
12
–13

H-bombs.
See
hydrogen (Super) bombs

health

downwinders and,
271
–72,
336

radiation experiments and,
270
–71

thermonuclear testing’s long-term effects on,
340
,
356

Heisenberg, Werner,
93

Allied capture of,
186
–87

atomic bomb research and,
113
,
183

Bohr and,
94
,
178
,
179
–82,
188

early research of,
58
,
59

German bomb project and,
176
,
177
,
178
–83,
185
–88,
191

German denunciations of,
176

Groves’s surveillance plans for,
185
–86

personality of,
66

reactor design of,
175
,
176
–77,
183
–84,
186

rumors of death of,
184

Teller and,
77

Hendrix, John,
161

Hersey, John,
215
–16

Heslep, Charter,
258

Hess, Kurt,
92
,
93
,
95

Hilberry, Norman,
134
–35,
135
–36

Himmler, Heinrich,
94
,
176

Hinckley, John Jr.,
327

Hinton, Joan,
150
,
203

Hirohito, Emperor,
222
,
351

Hiroshima, Japan, bombing,
211
–16

American reactions to,
116
,
219
,
220

attitudes toward nuclear weapons after,
6
,
167
,
187
,
202
,
230
,
254
,
271
,
313
,
330
,
336
,
363
,
367
,
369

biological and health effects of,
7
,
365
–66

bombing flight in,
216
,
221
,
222
,
371

damage caused by,
210
,
211
,
213
,
214
,
371

effectiveness of bombing of,
222

Japanese reactions to,
215
–16,
219
,
222
,
350
–51,
359

number of deaths from,
214
–15,
366
,
371

peace memorial for,
216

recovery of city during decades after,
374

Soviet reaction to,
232

survivors (
hibakusha
) of,
7
,
213
,
214
,
215
,
219
,
350
–51,
359
,
365
–66,
371

technology of,
54
,
154
,
166
,
211
,
212
–15

US planning for,
221
,
237

US support for,
228
,
310

Hiss, Alger,
242
–43

Hitler, Adolf,
69

concern about nuclear arms use by,
153
,
175
,
176
,
178
,
180
,
184
,
208
,
221
,
227
,
231

German émigrés’ hatred of,
112
,
184
,
187
–88,
189
,
192

Jews and scientists exiled under,
91
,
92
–93,
98

Planck’s conversation with,
91

Speer’s support of nuclear research and,
183

Szilard’s concerns about,
80
,
82
,
114

von Stauffenberg’s assassination attempt on,
186

Hooper, Don,
266

Hooper, Stanford,
114

Hoover, J. Edgar,
122
,
123
,
241
,
257
,
260

Hornig, Dan,
198
–99

Horthy, Miklós,
74
,
77

House Un-American Activities Committee,
257

Howard, Charles Henry George “Mad Jack,”
120

Humphrey, Hubert,
256

Hutchins, Robert,
129

hydrogen (Super) bombs

accidental dropping of,
305

long-term health effects of testing of,
340
,
356

Oppenheimer‘s opposition to,
228
,
258
,
259
,
262
,
264

research secrecy on,
254

Soviet testing of,
275

Teller’s research on,
125
,
158
,
227
–28,
235
,
236
,
239
,
247
,
249
–50,
252
,
253
,
258
,
259
,
262
,
264
,
275
,
372