The Age of Radiance (86 page)

Marshall Islands, tests on,
250
,
251
,
252
–54,
270
,
273
–74,
340
,
356

Massive Retaliation defense strategy,
283
,
288
,
372

Mattson, Roger,
308

MAUD Committee,
121
,
147
,
166

Max Planck Institute,
190

May, Alan Nunn,
172

Mayak Plutonium Facility, Russia,
323

McCarthy, Joseph,
240
,
261
,
264

McCone, John,
294

McEnaney, Laura,
287

McKellar, Kenneth,
161

McKibben, Joseph,
150
,
199
,
203

McMillan, Edwin M.,
201

McNamara, Robert,
211
,
280
,
289
,
294
,
296
,
297
,
298
–99

medicine,
375
,
376

isotopes in,
106
,
141
,
363
–64

radiation for diagnostics in,
5
,
13
,
30
,
54
,
82
,
89
,
137
,
266
,
377

tracers in,
5
,
54
,
188
,
377

Meitner, Auguste,
97

Meitner, Lise,
54
,
59
,
75
,
379

Bohr’s support for,
94
–96,
120
–21

childhood interest in science of,
84
–85

death of,
190

departure from Germany by,
94
–96,
97
,
189

education of,
85

Einstein on,
75
,
89

Eleanor Roosevelt’s interview of,
189

Frisch on,
99
,
100

Hahn on,
86
,
96
,
98

Hahn’s research with,
64
,
84
,
85
–87,
88
–90,
98
,
99
,
100
,
102
,
103
,
121
,
189
,
190

Hahn’s treatment of,
92
,
93
,
96
–97,
102
–03,
189
,
190
–91

Hitler’s Jewish laws and,
91
–92,
93
–95

move to Los Alamos rejected by,
152
,
153

Nobel Prize and,
189

nuclear fission research of Frisch and,
99
–102,
103
,
105
,
144

Planck’s support for,
87
,
88
,
92
,
94

posthumous recognition of,
191

story about “fleeing Jewess” with atomic secrets about,
189

Szilard and,
79

uranium fission research of,
121
,
189

US tour of,
189

meitnerium,
191

Meloney, Marie (Missy),
50

Menand, Louis,
300

Met Lab (Metallurgical Laboratory), University of Chicago,
127
–29,
147
,
148
,
149
,
207
,
305

Metropolitan Edison Company (Met Ed),
306
,
307
,
308

Mettler, Fred,
323
–24,
367

Mike (thermonuclear device) testing, at Elugelab,
250
,
251
,
252
–54,
372

Minoura, Koji,
342

Minutemen ICBMs,
280
–81,
288
,
292

Missile Defense Agency (MDA),
333
–34

Moffett, Cleveland,
11

Molander, Roger C.,
291

Molotov, Vyacheslav,
232

Morrison, Emily,
155

Morrison, Phil,
61
,
155
,
185
,
202

Moulder, John,
366

Mourning Journal
(Marie Curie),
41
–42,
43

movies, radiation theme in,
274
–75,
310
–11,
367

Murakami, Haruki,
359

Mussolini,
67
,
69
,
128
,
226

Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) strategy,
189
,
289
,
290
,
331
,
332
,
372
,
376

“My Trial as a War Criminal” (Szilard),
268

Nader, Ralph,
341

Nagasaki, Japan, bombing,
216
–19

American reactions to,
116
,
221
,
278

attitudes toward nuclear weapons after,
6
,
167
,
187
,
190
,
208
,
230
,
336
,
364
,
367
,
369

biological and health effects of,
7
,
213
–15,
364
,
365
–66

bombing flight in,
216
–18,
221
,
371

damage caused by,
210
,
211
,
213
–14,
218
–19,
371

effectiveness of bombing of,
222

Japanese reactions to,
219
,
222
,
350
–51,
359

number of deaths from,
366

survivors (
hibakusha
) of,
7
,
213
–14,
215
,
219
,
350
–51,
359
,
365
–66

technology of,
154
,
168
,
196
,
211

US planning for,
237

US support for,
310

Nakagawa, Koichi,
354
–55

NASA,
122
,
186
,
266
,
270
,
306
,
377

National Defense Research Committee (NDRC),
121
–22

National Ignition Facility (NIF),
364

NATO,
283
,
293
,
296
,
297
,
299
,
327
,
328

Nature
journal,
82
,
99
,
101
,
102
,
103
,
112

Nautilus
submarine,
303
–04,
305

Neddermeyer, Seth,
168
,
169

Nelson, Steve,
172

Nevada, possible nuclear waste repository in,
374
–75

Nevada Test Site (NTS),
254
,
270
,
271
–72,
287
,
332
,
336
,
337
,
373
,
375

Newton, Isaac,
5
,
67
,
381

New York Times,
11
,
50
,
105
,
111
–12,
121
,
204
,
217
,
221
,
241
,
266
,
369

nickel-63,
377

Nixon, Richard,
327

arms race and,
277

détente policies of,
327

Kennedy’s campaign against,
282
,
284
–85

nuclear defense strategies of,
289
–90

Nobel, Alfred,
215
,
376

Nobel Prize laureates,
265

antimissile strategy protest of,
334

in Chemistry,
47
–48,
52
,
54
,
93
,
146
,
188
–89,
190
,
191
,
372

exile from Germany of,
91

in Physics,
12
,
34
,
39
,
47
,
52
,
60
,
61
,
63
,
69
,
70
,
71
,
75
,
79
,
83
,
88
,
91
,
97
,
110
,
126
,
128
,
140
,
145
,
363

for Peace,
7
,
376

Nobel Prizes

Curies and,
34
,
47
–48

Einstein and,
88

Fermi and,
69
–70,
71
,
83
,
97
,
110
,
128

Haber and,
372
–73

Hahn and Meitner and,
188
–89,
190
,
191

Noda, Yoshihiko,
359

Noddack, Ida,
90

Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT),
337
,
338

NORAD,
330
–31

Nordau, Max,
33

North Korea,
6
,
243
,
244
–45,
337
,
338
,
339
,
373

NS
Savannah
submarine,
305

nuclear accidents

Blayais nuclear power plant, France,
351

China Syndrome
concept of,
309
–10,
364

Forsmark nuclear power plant, Sweden,
312

general public’s memories of,
367

Mayak Plutonium Facility, Russia,
323

Rocky Flats, Colorado, plant fire,
323

See also
Chernobyl nuclear reactor disaster, Ukraine; Fukushima Daiichi power plant disaster, Japan

nuclear power

benevolent qualities of,
376
–77

myths and popular images of,
274
–75,
310
–11,
367

problems in public perception of,
369
–70,
374
–75

nuclear power plants

in Blayais, France,
351

design improvements in,
362
–63

first Soviet, Atom Mirny-1 reactor,
313
–14

first US, in Colorado,
304

in Forsmark, Sweden,
312

government support for,
361
–62

in Minsk, Belarus,
312
–13

number of countries using,
360

popular support for,
360
–61

problems in public perception of,
370

Rocky Flats, Colorado,
323

storage facilities for waste from,
374
–75

See also
Fukushima Daiichi power plant disaster, Japan

Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC),
341

Davis-Besse plant, Michigan, and,
353

Emergency Response Plan and,
363

Fukushima disaster and,
351
,
355
,
356

private industry’s relationship with,
353

safety procedures and,
309
,
363

Three Mile Island reactors and,
307
–08,
309
,
311

Nuclear Test Ban Treaty,
374

Nuclear Utilization Target Selection (NUTS) strategy,
289
,
290

nuclear weapons

American attitudes toward,
299
–300,
370
–72

arsenals left behind after dissolution of USSR,
335
,
338
–39

Bush’s elimination of,
333

civilian oversight of,
279
–80

current US spending on,
334
–35

false alarms about,
293

Gorbachev’s proposed nuclear arms reduction treaty and,
332
–33

great myth of,
371

Killing a Nation strategy for,
277
,
292
,
293
,
372

Massive Retaliation strategy for,
283
,
288
,
372

potential terrorist use of,
336

public perception of,
375
–76

Reagan’s Strategic Defense Initiative against,
331
–32

secret launch codes for,
280
–81

Single Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP-62) for,
288
–89,
292

Sunday Punch strategy for,
279
–79,
283
,
288
,
292
,
372

understanding more to fear less about,
378
–79

US Triad Doctrine on,
288

Nunn, Sam¸
335

Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee,
160
,
161
–64,
165
,
166
,
175
,
188
,
230
,
282
,
303
,
376

Obama, Barack,
334

Office of Civil Defense (OCD),
286

Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD),
122
,
252

Ogasawara, Haruko,
213
–14

Oliphant, Mark,
121

Onda, Katsunobu,
344

On Thermonuclear War
(Kahn),
290
–91,
292

Open Skies arms control plan,
284
,
287

Oppenheimer, Frank,
141
,
142
,
144
,
149
,
196
,
203
,
257
,
261
–62

Oppenheimer, J. (Julius) Robert (Oppie),
36