The Berlin Wall (77 page)

10
Dallek,
John F. Kennedy, An Unfinished Life
p. 625.

11
See the erudite discussion in Daum,
Kennedy in Berlin
pp. I3If.

12
Merseburger,
Willy Brandt
pp. 436f.

13
Egon Bahr,
Zu Meiner Zeit
p. I54.

14
Figures from Dennis,
The Rise and Fall of the German Democratic Republic
p. 2 ‘4.

15
Figure for the Gestapo from Richard J. Evans,
The Third Reich in Power
p. 96.

16
1958 guidelines for the
Stasi
cited in Mary Fulbrook,
Anatomy of a Dictatorship, Inside the GDR 1949-1989
p. 47.

17
Dennis,
The Rise and Fall of the German Democratic Republic
p. I2O.

I8
Fulbrook,
Anatomy of a Dictatorship as above
p. 144.

19
Dennis,
The Rise and Fall of the German Democratic Republic
pp. 113ff. and for a more sensational but truly chilling glimpse of the long-term effects of the abuse of hormone treatments on young female athletes see Carolin Emcke and Udo Ludwig, ‘Doping: Blaue Bohnen von Dr Mabuse’ in
Der Spiegel 9/2000
28 February 2000.

16 The Surreal Cage

1
Interview with Joachim Trenkner as above.

2
Quoted in Richie,
Faust’s Metropolis
p. 770.

3
Recalled by Götz Bergander, Sreglitz resident from 1963, in interview with the author as above.

4
See Richie,
Faust’s Metropolis
pp. 776f.

5
Fulbrook,
Anatomy of a Dictatorship
as above p. 81.

6
Interview with Klaus Schulze-Ladegast as above.

7
Ulrich Enzensberger,
Die Jahre der Kommune I, Berlin
1967-1969 p. 296.

8
Richie,
Faust’s Metropolis
p. 779.

9
See in general Angela Kowalczyk ‘China’,
Megativ find Dekadent, Ostberliner Punk-Erinnerungen
. And in particular, for the ambition of looking like a West Berlin punk, the hilarious and touching account of pulling off just such a deception p. 48.

10
Ibid. p. 1.

11
For a case study see Maud Rescheleit and Stefan Krippendorf
Der Weg ins Leben, DDR-Strafvollzug im Jugendhaus Dessau
(published by Landesbeauftragte für die Unterlagen des Staatssicherheitsdienses der ehemaligen DDR in Sachsen-Anhalt). Fascinating and chilling insights into this sinister aspect of the East German state are also to be found at the official historical website of the Torgau
Jugendhof
Association at http://jugendwerkhof-Torgau.de/ ausstellung. Another website offers a forum, information, historical links and counselling for former inmates, many of whom are still in recovery from their experience. See http://www.jugendwerk/info.

12
Oberst (Colonel) Klaus-Dieter Braun quoted in Thomas Flemming and Hagen Koch,
Die Berliner Mauer, Geschichte eines Politischen Bauwerks
p. 59.

13
Malzahn,
Deutschland, Deutschland
p. 150.

14
See David Childs,
The GDR: Moscow’s German Ally
pp. I47f.

15
Dennis,
The Rise and Fall of the German Democratic Republic
pp. I6If.

16
Figures for 1978 reproduced ibid. p. 292.

17
Georg Bönisch, ‘21 Tonnen Gold im Keller. Alexander Schalck-Golodkowskis Geheimimperium KoKo: Äpfel für das Volk, Orchideen und Brillanten für die Funktionäre’ in
Der Spiegel
48/1999 29 November 1999.

18
See Sebastian Knauer, ‘Vom Tigerkäfig in den Wunderbus’ in
Der Spiegel
51/1999 18 December 1999.

19
Malzahn,
Deutschland, Deutschland
p. 167.

17 Endgame

1
Koehler,
Stasi
p. 145.

2
Quote from Eppelmann’s interview with
Der Spiegel
1993 in Fulbrook,
Anatomy of a Dictatorship
p. 203n.

3
See John Lewis Gaddis,
The Cold War, A New History
p. 227.

4
Pötzl,
Erich Honecker
pp. 256f.

5
See the straightforward and concise statement of the problem, with figures, in Uwe Müller,
Supergau Deutsche Einheit
pp. 47ff. They include statistics gathered by the Allies in preparation for the Potsdam Conference of July 1945.

6
Hermann Golle, cited in Müller,
Supergau Deutsche Einheit
p. 48.

7
Willy Brandt,
Erinnerungen
p. 235.

8
Pötzl,
Erich Honecker
p. 263.

9
Ibid. p. 265.

10
Ibid. p. 268.

11
Dennis,
The Rise and Fall of the German Democratic Republic
pp. I80f.

12
Pötzl,
Erich Honecker
p. 262.

13
Filmer/Schwann,
Opfer der Mauer
pp. 50ff for the story as told by Bittner’s mother.

14
Ibid. p. 148.

15
Detjen,
Ein Loch in der Mauer
p. 330.

16
Filmer/Schwann,
Opfer der Mauer
pp. 58ff., 148.

17
See the website of the German government agency Bundeszentrale für Politische Bildung/Deutschland Radio/Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung Potsdam ‘Chronik der Mauer’ for January 1989 at http://www.chronik-der-mauer.de/index.php/chronik/1989/Januar/.

18
Flemming and Koch,
Die Berliner Mauer
p. 109.

19
Richie,
Faust’s Metropolis
p. 823.

18 The Wall Came Tumbling Down

1
Pötzl,
Erich Honecker
p. 305.

2
Ibid. pp. 306f.

3
Richie,
Faust’s Metropolis
p. 828.

4
Pötzl,
Erich Honecker
pp 31
Of. And for the article in Neues Deutschland
.

5
Dennis,
The Rise and Fall of the German Democratic Republic
pp. 264f.

6
Pötzl,
Erich Honecker
p. 3I3.

7
Richie,
Faust’s Metropolis
pp. 832f. And for the Krenz plot. According to Richie it was a snort, but a hiss was reported by others and seems more in character. See Cordt Schnibben, ‘Makkaroni mit Schinken, bitte: Wie Erich Honecker und sein
Politbüro
die Konterrevolution erlebte’ in
Der Spiegel
17/1990 23 April ‘990.

8
Cited in Schnibben, ‘Makkaroni mit Schinken’ as above.

9
For the entire several-page order MfS, ZAIG, Nr 451/89 see Herausg. Arnim Mitter and Stefan Wolle, ‘Ich liebe euch doch alle!’ Befehle und Lageberichte des
MfS
Januar-November 1989 pp. 208ff. Translation quoted as in Fulbrook, Anatomy of a Dictatorship p. 254.

10
Pötzl,
Erich Honecker
pp. 323-6.

11
Richie,
Faust’s Metropolis
p. 833.

12
Müller,
Supergau Deutsche Einheit
pp. 60ff. And for the following.

13
Quoted in Fulbrook,
Anatomy of a Dictatorship
p. 26

14
Markus Wolf, with Anne McElvoy,
Man Without a Face, The Memoirs of a Spymaster
p. 325.

15
Fulbrook,
Anatomy of a Dictatorship
p. 261.

16
MfS, ZAIG, Nr 496/89 reprinted in Mitter and Wolle, ‘
Ich liehe euch doch alle!’
as above p. 250.

17
Julie Lutteroth, ‘Ein Satz, der Geschichte schreiben wird’ in
Spiegel Online
9 November 2004 at http://www.spiegel.de.

18
For this and the following, see the minute-by-minute account in Hans-Hermann Hertle,
Chronik des Mauerfalls, Die dramatischen Ereignisse um den 9. November
1989 pp. 149f.

19
Interview with Egon Krenz available online at http://www.chronik-der-mauer.de/index.php/ chronik/1989/November/9/. Also for the
Tagesthemen
extract and the announcement on
Aktuelle Kamera
.

Afterword: The Theft of Hope

1
Trenkner,
Coca Cola schmeckt nach Berlin
as above.

2
Hertle,
Chronik des Mauerfalls
pp. 252ff.

3
Judt,
Postwar
p. 639 and for the quotation from Mrs Thatcher’s memoirs.

4
See Koch,
Meine Flucht nach Vorne
as above p. 262.

5
Pörzl, Erich Honecker p. 363. And for the following.

6
See Margarete Raabe, ‘Arbeitsgemeinschaft 13. August dokumentiert 57 weitere Todesopfer an der DDR-Grenze’ in
Die Welt
13 August 2004 and http://www.chronik-der-mauer.de/ index.php/opfer.

7
See BBC web news report by Rob Cameron, ‘Slovaks flock to Peugeot plant’ at http:// news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4932112.stm.

8
Figures from Müller,
Supergau Deutsche Einheit
p. 107.

9
Ibid. p. 109.

10
See Christoph Dieckmann: ‘Die schwindende Stadt: Abriss und Aufbau, Menschenflucht und Gründertrotz—in Halle ballt sich die ostdeursche Gegenwart’ in
Die Zeit
27/2001. See also, for the same phenomenon in Saxony, Götz Hamann: ‘Wie schrumpft man eine Stadt? Sachsen erlebt, was westliche Bundesländer noch vor sich haben: Verlassene Wohnungen und verfallende Viertel in fast jeder Kommune. Stadtplaner, Politiker und Bürger lernen allmählich, mit der neuen Leere umzugehen’ in
Die Zeit
45/2004.

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