The Berlin Wall (82 page)

Rühmann, Heinz

Ruhr industrial area

Rummelsburg station

Ruppiner Strasse

Rusk, Dean

Russia; Napoleon invades; and triple alliance; revolution; land reform; Stalin’s,418;
See also
Soviet Union

Saarland

Sabolyk, Lieutenant-Colonel Robert

Sachsenhausen

Salinger, Pierre

SALT II arms-reduction treaty

San Antonio

San Francisco

Sandanistas

Sanitz

Santiago

São Paulo

SAP (Socialist Workers’ Party)

Sauerbruch, Dr

Saxony; invaded by Prussia, II; socialism in; careerists disliked; industries; growing unrest; neo-Nazi parties in

Saxony-Anhalt

S-Bahn; strike; cut off at border; stations; attacks on trains

Schabowski, Günter; addresses demonstrators; announces open borders; expelled from SED

Schacht, Dr Hjalmar

Schadow, Johann Gottfried

Schalck-Golodkowski, Alexander

Scharnhorst, General

Scharoun, Hans

Schiffbauerdamm

Schiller Friedrich

Schinkel, Karl Friedrich

Schirdewan, Karl

Schlaffke, Horst

Schlesinger, Arthur

Schleswig-Holstein

Schloss Wilkendorf

Schmidt, Helmut

Schmidt, Lutz

Schmidtchen, Jörgen

Schmollerstrasse

Schönbrunn Palace

Schöneberg; Town Hall; Kennedy's speech at Town Hall

Schönefeld Airport

Schönfliess

Schönhausen Castle

Schönholz, goods station

Schönholzer Strasse

Schröder, Gerhard

Schröder, Louise

Schubert, Hermann

Schulte, Fritz

Schultz, Egon

Schulze, Peter

Schulz-Ladegast, Klaus; sentence halved; escapes; father released

Schumacher, Kurt

Schumann, Corporal Conrad

Schürer, Gerhard

Schwander, Rudi

Schwedler Strasse

Schwerin

Scott-Heron, Gil

Sebastianstrasse

Second World War; aftermath of

SED (Communist Party); creation of; trails in elections; and introduction of Communism in Germany; demonstrations; and establishment of GDR; purged; and East Berlin administration; admits mistakes; and workers’ uprising; cultural credibility; Honecker and; Brandt and; lifestyle of élites; Mielke and; and border closure

members escape; establishes links with SPD; leadership and demonstrations; members leave; participates in free elections; changes name

Seidel, Harry

Seifert, Major-General

Sejna, Jan

Selbmann, Fritz

Selbstschussanlagen

Semenov, Vladimir

Seoul

Serov, General Ivan

Sesta, Domenico (’Mimmo’)

Seven Years War

Shanghai

Shelepin, Alexander

Shevardnadze, Eduard

Showalter, Colonel

Siekmann, Ida

Silesia

Sindermann, Horst

skinheads

Slovakia

Smaroda, Major

Smolensk

socialism

Solidarity

Soloviev Colonel Andrei I.

Sonnena1lee
(film)

Sonnenallee crossing point

Sorensen, Theodore

South Korean airliner, shot down

Soviet Military Administration (SMA)

Soviet Union; defence of; German Communists in; war reparations; and division of Berlin-; opposes free trade area; and advent of Cold War; nuclear weapons; post-Stalin leadership; economy; flag torn down; purges; rocket science; relations with China; support for GDR; consequences of border; closure; policy on Berlin; acquires German territory; and Berlin Agreement; oil exports; involvement in Afghanistan; confrontation with USA; and German unity; and Brezhnev Doctrine; reform of; troops withdrawn from Germany; collapse of;
see also
Russia

Soviet War Memorial

Spain

Spandau

Spandau Ship Canal

Spanish Civil War

Spartakist League

SPD (Social Democratic Parry); re-formed; and creation of SED; election gains; activists arrested; continues to work in East; under Schumacher; song; Brandt and; in Berlin elections;
Stasi
and; clandestine network in GDR; American relations with; joins government; establishes links with SED; re-forms in GDR; and German reunification,; in GDR elections; in all-German elections; coalition with PDS

Speer, Albert

spies; exchanges; SED; tools of trade; positive effects of spying; Guillaume affair

Spree, river

Springer, Axel; hostility towards
Ostpolitik
; and attack on Dutschke; and political prisoners

Sputnik

Sputnik
magazine

Spy Who Came in from the Cold, The
, (film)

SS

Stalin, Josef; pact with Hider,95; and Berlin,; and division of Germany; and nuclear weapons; and creation of SED; and introduction of Communism in Germany; and Korean War; offer on German unification; and GDR borders; death; and ’doctors’ plot’; portraits burned; denounced by Khrushchev; mocks Khrushchev, I; personality cult; body removed from mausoleum; Ulbricht rejects; and Baltic states; and mass murder

Stalinallee

Stalingrad, battle of

Star Wars project

Starnberger See

Stasi
; leaders; established; ’night and fog’ actions; and SED leaders; headquarters; Mielke heads; motto; and border closure; forbidden area; interrogation prison; interrogation methods; military arm; and border escapes; counter-espionage; and crossing permits; strength; informers; and sports; and punks; dog-training school; foreign espionage; costs of; and KoKo; observers at Checkpoint Charlie; and Helsinki activists; and exit-visa movement; surveys popular opinion; and collapse of GDR; Mielke’s apologia for; Hagen Koch’s career; aids Chilean dissidents; killings in

West Germany; films reveal reveal truth about

State Opera

State Porcelain Factory

Steel, Sir Christopher

Stegliz

Stoph, Willi

Strasbourg

Strasse des. Juni

Strassenberg, Gerhard

Strausberg

Strausbeger Platz

Strauss, Franz-Josef

Streletz, Colonel-General Fritz

Strelitzer Strasse

Stults, Lieutenant Claude L.

Stumm police

Stuttgart

Sudeten Germans

Suhr Otto

Sweden

’Swedish drink’

Switzerland

Syngman Rhee

Tägliche Rundschau

Taipei

Taiwan

Tannenberg, battle of

Tegel Airport

Telstar satellite

Teltow

Teltow Canal

Tempelhof Airport

Tempelhof High School

Teufel, Fritz

Tews, Walter

Thälmann, Ernst

Thatcher, Margaret

Thieme, Dieter

Third World; Soviet influence in; students; diplomats; arms sales

Thirty Years War

Thompson, Llewellyn

Thorkildsen, Anna Carlotta

Thuringia; industries; border crossings; doctors in; manufacture of carved toys

Tiergarten

Tiul’panov, Colonel Sergei

Torgau; trade unions; Polish

Trapos
(transport police); shoot escapee

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty of Westphalia

Trenkner, Joachim

Treptow; tunnel

Treptower Park

Treuhandastalt

Trier

Truman, Harry S.

Truman Doctrine

Tunner, Lieutenant-General William H.

Turkey

Tutzing conference

U-Bahn UFA

Ulbricht, Lotte

Ulbricht, Walter; and KPD; and Communist putsch; goes into hiding; returns to Germany; and creation of SED; mentality; and introduction of Communist in Germany; and establishment of GDR; and Korean War; and subversion of West Germany; intends to close border; policy of ’building socialism’; leadership threatened; personality cult; political survival; and Honecker; declaration on prosperity; receives Khrushchev’s support; provokes Berlin Crisis; lifestyle; becomes head of state; and Kennedy; increases pressure on Berlin; visits China; relationship with Khrushchev; meetings with Khrushchev; reaction against; hints at building of wall; and border closure; informs Politburo and ministers; intentions over Berlin; and border escapes; and myth of defensive wall; and tightening of border; supports construction of wall; and shoot-to-kill policy; fails to achieve peace tearty with Soviet Union; successes; death; rejects Stalin; introduces economic reforms; removed from power; last birthday celebrations; anti-religious militancy

uniforms; Wehrmacht; KVP;
Trapos
; FDJ

United Kingdom,
see
Britain

United Nations; Security Council; GDR becomes member; Human Rights Commission; Charter

United States Information Agency

United States Information Service

United States of America; German exiles in; joins First World War; and division of Berlin; and free trade area; Berliners’ affection for; and division of Germany; military presence in Germany; rearmament; and Stalin's reunification offer; flag; threat from Soviet nuclear weapons; commitment to West Germany,; involvement in Far East; in arms race; commitment to West Berlin; in fourpower talks; response to

border closure; difficulties in relations with West Germany and West Berlin; policy shifts; impact of Vietnam War; increase in military budget; confrontation with Soviet Union; and German reunification; economic revival

Unter den Linden; Napoleon marches down; Nazis parade down; Soviet embassy; demonstrations

UPI press agency

Upper Spree Cable Works

Urban, Rudolf

USPD (Independent Social Democratic Party)

USSR,
see
Soviet Union

Veigel, Burkhart; converted car

Verdun, defence of

Verner, Paul

Victoria, Princess

Vienna; Kennedy-Khrushchev summit

Vietnam War

Villa Hügel

Voice of America

Volkssturm

Vopos (Volkspolizei)
; and border closure; carry our deportations; psychological preparation; stationed along autobahn; and border escapes; and punks; and departure of refugees; and collapse of GDR

Wall Street

Wandlitz; F-Club; social life; wall

Wannsee

War of Liberation

War of the Austrian Succession

Warnemünde

Warsaw; Kohl visits

Warsaw Pact; meetings; economies; and Berlin border closure; economic links with West Germany

Washington, George

Watkinson, Harold

Watson, General Albert

Wedding

Wedemeyer, General Albert

Weeks, Sir Ronald

Weimar

Weimar Republic

Weissensee

Wella

Werderscher Markt

Werner, Dr Arthur

Wessel, Horst

West Berlin: refugees from GDR; US commitment to; geographical vulnerability; police; access to; perceptions of Western inaction; reception for Johnson and Clay; reception for First Battle Group; Adenauer visits; Soviet intelligence in; Allied rule recognised; press; paramilitary police; students; illegal weapons in; Kennedy visits; status as beacon of freedom; culture and radicalism; business and industry; depopulation; and homosexuality; Shah of Iran visits; Reagan visits