The Big Sort (45 page)

 

4.
Culture Shift: The 1965 Unraveling

1. Paul Tilhch, quoted in Alan Ehrenhalt, "How the Yes Man Learned to Say No,"
New York Times
, November 26, 2006.

2. Thomas Frank,
The Conquest of Cool
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, :997). P. 10.

3. C. Wright Mills, quoted in Michael Schudson,
The Good Citizen: A History of American Civic Life
(New York: Free Press, 1998), pp. 155, 365.

4. Arthur Schlesinger, quoted in Robert H. Wiebe,
Self-Rule: A Cultural History of American Democracy
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995), p. 219.

5. Wiebe,
Self-Rule,
p. 218.

6. David 0. Sears, "Political Behavior," in
The Handbook of Social Psychology,
vol. 5, ed. Gardner Lindzey and Elliot Aronson (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1969), pp. 324–34.

7. Robert Wiebe,
The Segmented Society: An Introduction to the Meaning of America
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1975), p. 6.

8. Sears, "Political Behavior," p. 423.

9. V. O. Key Jr.,
Southern Politics in State and Nation
(Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1984), p. 37.

10. David W. Brady, Hahrie Han, and Doug McAdam, "Party Polarization in the Post WWII Era: A Two Period Electoral Interpretation" (paper prepared for the Midwest Political Science Association, April 2003).

11. "Toward a More Responsible Two-Party System: A Report of the Committee on Political Parties," pt. 2,
American Political Science Review
44, no. 3 (1950): S18.

12. Ronald Inglehart and Christian Welzel,
Modernization, Cultural Change, and Democracy: The Human Development Sequence
(New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005), pp. 2–4.

13. Abraham Maslow, "A Theory of Human Motivation,"
Psychological Review
50 (1943): 370–96. See also Ronald Inglehart,
Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990), pp. 152–53.

14. Ronald Inglehart,
Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997), p. 8. See also Ronald Inglehart and Wayne Baker, "Modernization, Cultural Change, and the Persistence of Traditional Values,"
American Sociological Review
65 (February 2000): 21.

15. Ibid., pp. 115–18.

16. Ronald Inglehart,
The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles in Advanced Industrial Society
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1977).

17. Inglehart,
Modernization and Postmodernization,
p. 295.

18. Inglehart and Welzel,
Modernization, Cultural Change, and Democracy,
pp. 57–58.

19. Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, "Trends in Political Beliefs and Core Attitudes: 1987–2007," March 22, 2007, pp. 28–37.

20. Ibid., p. 51.

21. See Inglehart,
Modernization and Postmodernization,
and Inglehart and Baker, "Modernization, Cultural Change, and the Persistence of Traditional Values," pp. 19–51.

22. Pew Research Center, "Trends in Political Values and Core Attitudes."

23. Philip E. Converse,
The Dynamics of Party Support
(Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1976), pp. 7, 32, 71–72.

24. Ibid., p. 69.

25. Robert D. Putnam,
Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), pp. 54–55, 112–13.

26. Anthony Bianco, "The Vanishing Mass Market,"
BusinessWeek,
July 12, 2004, p. 65.

27. Francis Fukuyama,
The Great Disruption: Human Nature and the Reconstitution of Social Order
(New York: Touchstone, 2000), p. 27.

28. Martin Marty, foreword in
Understanding Church Growth and Decline: 1950–1978,
ed. Dean R. Höge and David A. Roozen (New York: Pilgrim Press, 1979), p. 1l.

29. Robert Wuthnow, "The Moral Minority: Where Have All the Liberal Protestants
Gone?" American Prospect,
May 22, 2000, p. 31.

30. David Roozen and Jackson Carroll, "Recent Trends in Church Membership and Participation: An Introduction," in
Understanding Church Growth and Decline: 1950-1978,
ed. Dean R. Höge and David A. Roozen (New York: Pilgrim Press, 1979), pp. 11, 22–23.

31. Jerry Falwell, quoted in Geoffrey Layman,
The Great Divide: Religious and Cultural Conflict in American Party Politics
(New York: Columbia University Press, 2001), p. 10.

32. See Marc Hetherington and Thomas J. Rudolph, "Priming, Performance, and the Dynamics of Political Trust" (unpublished paper, n.d.).

33. See ibid, and Seymour Martin Lipset and William Schneider,
The Confidence Gap: Business, Lahor, and Government in the Public Mind
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987), p. 15.

34. Lipset and Schneider,
The Confidence Gap,
pp. 15–16.

35. Joseph S. Nye Jr., Philip D. Zelikov, and David C. King,
Why People Don't Trust Government
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997), pp. 1–4, 81, 111–13.

36. Everett Carli Ladd Jr., "Liberalism Upside Down: The Inversion of the New Deal Order,
Political Science Quarterly
91, no. 4 (Winter 1976–1977). 593.

37. Converse,
The Dynamics of Party Support,
p. 106.

38.
New York Times,
January 9, 1965; January 10, 1965; March 3, 1965; August 7; 1965; Gene Roberts, "Mass Integration Is Quiet in South,"
New York Times,
August 31, 1965.

39.
New York Times,
January 26, 1965.

40. Julia S. Ardery,
The Temptation: Edgar Tolson and the Genesis of Twentieth-Century Folk Art
(Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1998), p. 145.

41. Jack Raymond, "Americans Called Ready to Assume Main Burden of War on Vietcong,"
New York Times,
July 12, 1965.

42.
New York Times,
June 3, 1965.

43. Charles Möhr, "Village Burnings Disturb Marines,"
New York Times,
August 9, 1965.

44. Austin C. Wehrwein, "U.S. Investigates Antidraft Groups,"
New York Times,
October 18, 1965.

45. Edward C. Burns, "Buckley Assails Vietnam Protest,"
New York Times,
October 22, 1965.

46.
New York Times,
November 15, 1965.

47.
New York Times,
November 25 and 28, 1965.

48.
New York Times,
March 27, 1965.

49.
New York Times,
August 15, 1965.

50. Gene Roberts, "Negroes Still Angry and Jobless Three Months After Watts Riot,"
New York Times,
November 7,1965.

51. Lawrence C. Davies, "California Issue for '66 Emerges,"
New York Times,
August 16, 1965.

52. Todd Gitlin,
The Sixties. Years of Hope, Days of Rage
(New York: Bantam Books, 1993), p. 168.

53. Walter Dean Burnham,
The Current Crisis in American Politics
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1982), p. 295.

54. Lipset and Schneider,
The Confidence Gap,
p. 410.

55. Russell J. Dalton, "The Social Transformation of Trust in Government,"
International Review of Sociology
15, no. 1 (March 2005). 133–54.

56. Virginia A. Chanley, Thomas J. Rudolph, and Wendy M. Rahn, "The Origins and Consequences of Public Trust in Government,"
Public Opinion Quarterly
64 (2000): 239–56.

57. Lipset and Schneider,
The Confidence Gap,
p. 400.

58. Dalton, "The Social Transformation of Trust," pp. 135–38.

59. Jimmy Carter, quoted in Lipset and Schneider,
The Confidence Gap,
p. 13.

60. Ivor Crewe, quoted in Dalton, "The Social Transformation of Trust," p. 134.

61. Marc J. Hetherington,
Why Trust Matters: Declining Political Trust and the Demise of American Liberalism
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005), p. 8.

62. Ibid., p. 36.

63. Ruth Marcus, "A Slide Toward Segregation,"
Washington Post,
November 29, 2006, p. A23.

64. Hetherington,
Why Trust Matters,
pp. 101–3.

65. Harold L. Wilensky,
Rich Democracies: Political Economy, Public Policy, and Performance
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002), p. 205.

66. Terry Nichols Clark and Vincent Hoffmann-Martinot, eds.,
The New Political Culture
(Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1998).

67. Paul H. Ray and Sherry Ruth Anderson,
The Cultural Creatives: How
50
Million People Are Changing the World
(New York: Harmony Books, 2000).

68. Ruy Teixeira and John Judis,
The Emerging Democratic Majority
(New York: Scribner, 2002), p. 35.

69. Ray and Anderson,
The Cultural Creatives,
p. 23.

70. "American Piety in the 21st Century. New Insight to the Depth and Complexity of Religion in the U.S." (selected findings, Baylor Religion Survey, September 2006), pp. 7, 19,
http://www.baylor.edu/content/services/document.php/33304.pdf
.

71. Eileen E. Flynn, "Many in U.S. Pick Christ, Not Label,"
Austin American-Statesman,
September 12, 2006, p. A1.

72. Clifford Krauss, "Canada Steers Closer to Europe Than the U.S. on Social Issues,"
New York Times,
December 2, 2003, p. A1.

73. Adam Clymer, "College Students Not Drawn to Voting or Politics, Poll Shows,"
New York Times,
January 13, 2000, p. A14.

74. Howard W. French, "As Japan's Women Move Up, Many Are Moving Out,"
New York Times,
March 25, 2003, p. A3.

75. Denise Grady, "Scientists Say Herbs Need More Regulation,"
New York Times,
March 7, 2000.

76. "Swiss Back Ban on Modified Crops,"
International Herald Tribune,
November 27, 2005.

77. Inglehart,
Modernization and Postmodernization,
pp. 365–87; Krauss, "Canada Steers Closer to Europe," p. A1.

78. Justin Blum, "'Blue' States Tackling Energy on Their Own,"
Washington Post,
January 22, 2006, p. A1.

79. Diana Jean Schemo, "In Small Town, 'Grease' Ignites a Culture War,"
New York Times,
February 11, 2006, p. A1.

80. Jack Citrin, "Comment: The Political Relevance of Trust in Government,"
American Political Science Review
68 (1974): 973–74.

81. Burnham,
The Current Crisis in American Politics,
pp. 295–96.

82. Nye, Zelikov, and King,
Why People Don't Trust Government,
p. 97.

83. David Broder, "Victory Doubted by G.O.P. Leaders,"
New York Times,
November 21, 1965, p. A1.

84. James L. Sundquist,
Dynamics of the Party System
(Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 1983), p. 401.

85. Hetherington,
Why Trust Matters,
p. 142.

86. Sundquist,
Dynamics of the Party System,
pp. 376, 340.

87. Anna Greenberg, "Why Men Leave: Gender and Partisanship in the 1990s" (paper prepared for the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, 2000).

88. Sundquist,
Dynamics of the Party System,
pp. 397–98.

89. Norman H. Nie, Sidney Verba, and John R. Petrocik,
The Changing American Voter
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999).

90. See the various measures of congressional voting devised by Nolan McCarty, Keith Poole, and Howard Rosenthal, including their unpublished paper "Political Polarization and Income Inequality" (January 27, 2003), p. 3,
http://www.wws.princeton.edu/research/papers/01_03_nm.pdf
.

 

5.
The Beginning of Division: Beauty and Salvation in 1974

1. Alice Moore, quoted in Catherine Candor, "A History of the Kanawha County Textbook Controversy" (PhD diss., Virginia Tech University, March 1976), P. 54.

2. Marvin Horan, quoted in Don J. Goode, "A Study of Values and Attitudes in a Textbook Controversy in Kanawha County, West Virginia: An Overt Act of Opposition to Schools" (PhD diss., Michigan State University, 1984), p. 95.

3. Goode, "A Study of Values and Attitudes." The following discussion is based on this source.

4. Geoffrey C. Layman and Edward G. Carmines, "Cultural Conflict in American Politics: Religious Traditionalism, Postmaterialism, and U.S. Political Behavior,"
Journal of Politics
59, no. 3 (August 1997): 751–77.

5. Rodney Stark, "Secularization, R.I.P.,"
Sociology of Religion
60, no. 3 (Autumn 1999): 249–50.

6. Peter Berger, quoted ibid., p. 250.

7. Pippa Norris and Ronald Inglehart, "God, Guns and Gays: Religion and Politics in the US and Western Europe" (paper presented at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, September 6, 2004), p. 2. Emphasis in original.

8. Martin E. Marty,
Righteous Empire: The Protestant Experience in America
(New York: Dial Press, 1970), pp. 177–80.

9. Ibid., p. 184.

10. Ibid., pp. 177, 179.

11. Walter Rauschenbusch, quoted in Robert William Fogel,
The Fourth Great Awakening and the Future of Egalitarianism
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), p. 120.

12. Walter Rauschenbusch,
Christianity and the Social Crisis
(New York: Macmillan, 1908), pp. 230–86.

13. Fogel,
The Fourth Great Awakening,
pp. 124–25.

14. Marty,
Righteous Empire,
pp. 218–19.

15. Ibid.

16. Jerry Falwell, ed.,
The Fundamentalist Phenomenon. The Resurgence of Conservative Christianity
(New York: Doubleday, 1981), pp. 79–80.

17. Ibid., p. 107.

18. Sara Diamond,
Roads to Dominion: Right Wing Movements and Political Power in the United States
(New York: Guilford Press, 1995), pp. 162–63.