The Case for a Creator (55 page)

6
. John Searle, “I Married a Computer,” in Jay W. Richards, editor,
Are We Spiritual Machines?
76.

7
. “Do Brains Make Minds?” on
Closer to Truth
.

8
. Quoted in
World
magazine (July/August 2002).

9
. Wilder Penfield,
The Mystery of the Mind
(Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1975), xiii.

10
. Lee Edward Travis, “Response,” in Arthur C. Custance,
The Mysterious Matter of Mind
(Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan; and Richardson, Texas: Probe Ministries, 1980), 95–96.

11
. Wilder Penfield,
The Mystery of the Mind
, 79.

12
. Ibid., 85.

13
.
The British Medical Journal
(March 15, 1952), quoted in Arthur C. Custance,
The Mysterious Matter of Mind
, 51.

14
. Karl R. Popper and John C. Eccles,
The Self and Its Brain
(New York: Springer-Verlag, 1977), 558.

15
. Ibid., 559–60.

16
. John Calvin,
Institutes of the Christian Religion
, 1536, quoted in J. P. Moreland,
Scaling the Secular City
(Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker, 1987), 77.

17
. There are two major species of dualism: substance dualism and property/event dualism. For a brief description of the distinctions between the two, see Gary R. Habermas and J. P. Moreland,
Beyond Death
(Wheaton: Crossway, 1998), 37–66. For purposes of this chapter, the term “dualism” refers to substance dualism.

18
. “What Is Consciousness?” on the television program
Closer to Truth
, first aired June 2000.

19
. See: S. Parnia, D.G. Waller, R. Yeates, and P. Fenwick, “A Qualitative and Quantitative Study of the Incidence, Features and Aetiology of Near-Death Experience in Cardiac Arrest Survivors,”
Resuscitation
(February 2001).

20
. Sarah Tippit, “Scientist Says Mind Continues After Brain Dies,”
Reuters
(June 29, 2001).

21
. Sam Parnia, “Near Death Experiences in Cardiac Arrest and the Mystery of Consciousness,” available at
www.datadiwan.de/SciMedNet/library/articlesN75+/N76Parnia_nde.htm
(accessed June 13, 2003).

22
. Ibid.

23
. Sarah Tippit, “Scientist Says Mind Continues After Brain Dies.”

24
. For a discussion, see Gary R. Habermas and J. P. Moreland,
Beyond Death
, 155–218, and Patrick Glynn,
God: The Evidence
(Rocklin, Calif.: Forum, 1997), 99–137.

25
. “What Is Consciousness?” on
Closer to Truth
.

26
. Antonio R. Damasio, “How the Brain Creates the Mind,”
Scientific American
(December 1999).

27
. John C. Eccles,
The Human Mystery
(New York: Springer-Verlag, 1979), vii, quoted in: Robert M. Augros and George N. Stanciu,
The New Story of Science
, 171.

28
. “Do Brains Make Minds?” on
Closer to Truth
.

29
. Arthur C. Custance,
The Mysterious Matter of Mind
, 90.

30
. See: James 2:26 and Luke 8:55.

31
. For example see: Matthew 26:41; Romans 8:10; 1 Corinthians 5:5, 6:20, 7:34; 2 Corinthians 7:1; and Galatians 5:17.

32
. See: Genesis 2:27. Quotation from: Arthur C. Custance,
The Mysterious Matter of Mind
, 93 (italics removed).

33
. See: “The Circumstantial Evidence” in: Lee Strobel,
The Case for Christ
, 244–57, and “Objection #6: A Loving God Would Never Torture People in Hell,” in: Lee Strobel,
The Case for Faith
, 169–94.

34
. Justice Potter Stewart (concurring), Jacobellis v. Ohio, 378 U.S. 198 (1964).

35
. J. R. Smythies, “Some Aspects of Consciousness,” in Arthur Koestler and J. R. Smythies, editors,
Beyond Reductionism
(London: Hutchinson, 1969), 235, quoted in Arthur C. Custance,
The Mysterious Matter of Mind
, 35.

36
. Luke 23:43: “Today you will be with me in paradise.”

37
. Matthew 10:28.

38
. 2 Corinthians 5:8.

39
. Jaegwon Kim, “Lonely Souls: Causality and Substance Dualism,” in Kevin Corcoran, editor,
Soul, Body, and Survival
(Ithica, NY: Cornell Univ. Press, 2001), 30.

40
. Francis Crick,
The Astonishing Hypothesis
(New York: Scribner’s, 1994), 3.

41
. “What Is Consciousness?” on
Closer to Truth
.

42
. “Do Brains Make Minds?” on
Closer to Truth
.

43
. Cited in David Winter
, Hereafter: What Happens after Death?
(Wheaton, Ill.: Harold Shaw, 1972), 33–34.

44
. For a short description of the evidence for the Resurrection, see Gary R. Habermas and J. P. Moreland,
Beyond Death
, 111–54.

45
. See: Wilder Penfield,
The Mystery of the Mind
, 76–77.

46
. Wilder Penfield, “Control of the Mind” Symposium at the University of California Medical Center, San Francisco, 1961, quoted in Arthur Koestler,
Ghost in the Machine
(London: Hutchinson, 1967), 203.

47
. Wilder Penfield,
The Mystery of the Mind
, 77–78.

48
. See: Roger W. Sperry, “Changed Concepts of Brain and Consciousness: Some Value Implications,”
Zygon
(March 1985).

49
. Laurence W. Wood, “Recent Brain Research and the Mind-Body Dilemma,”
The Asbury Theological Journal
, vol. 41, no. 1 (1986).

50
. Ibid.

51
. Mark Water, compiler,
The New Encyclopedia of Christian Quotations
(Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker, 2000), 972. Teresa’s reference to mansions is an allusion to John 14:2.

52
. Quoted in Robert W. Augros and George N. Stanciu,
The New Story of Science
, 170.

53
. See: Thomas Nagel, “What Is It Like to Be a Bat?”
Philosophical Review
83 (October, 1974).

54
. For example, see Genesis 1:30; Leviticus 24:18; Ecclesiastes 3:19; and Revelation 8:9.

55
. J. B. S. Haldane, “When I am Dead,” in
Possible Worlds and Other Essays
(London: Chatto and Winduw, 1927), 209, quoted in C. S. Lewis,
Miracles
(London: Fontana, 1947), 19.

56
. For a further critique of “neurotheology,” the idea that the brain is wired for religious experiences, see: Kenneth L. Woodward, “Faith Is More Than a Feeling,”
Newsweek
(May 7, 2001).

57
. Quoted in Larry Witham,
By Design
, 211.

58
. Ibid., 192.

59
. Stuart C. Hackett,
The Reconstruction of the Christian Revelation Claim
(Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker, 1984), 111.

60
. Ibid.

61
. Robert W. Augros and George N. Stanciu,
The New Story of Science
, 168, 171.

Chapter 11: The Cumulative Case for a Creator

1
. Quoted in Cal Thomas, “Gone Bananas,”
World
(September 7, 2002).

2
. John M. Templeton,
The Humble Approach
, 115.

3
. See: Lee Strobel,
Reckless Homicide: Ford’s Pinto Trial
(Sound Bend, Ind.: And Books, 1980).

4
. Jonathan Wells,
Icons of Evolution
, 5.

5
. Klaus Dose, “The Origin of Life: More Questions than Answers,”
Interdisciplinary Science Review
13 (1998).

6
. Robert Roy Britt, “The Year’s Top Ten Space Mysteries,” available at
www.msnbc.com/news/851919.asp?vts=122820022235
(accessed December 28, 2002).

7
. Michael Denton,
Evolution: A Theory in Crisis
, 358.

8
. Ibid., 162.

9
. Roger Lewin, “Evolutionary Theory Under Fire,”
Science
210 (November 1980).

10
. John Polkinghorne,
Quarks, Chaos, and Christianity
(New York: Crossroad, 1994), 25.

11
. Psalm 102:25

12
. Deuteronomy 4:35

13
. Psalm 90:2

14
. John 4:24

15
. Genesis 17:1. According to theologian Millard J. Erickson, “God is personal. He is an individual being, with self-consciousness and will, capable of feeling, choosing, and having a reciprocal relationship with other personal and social beings.” Millard J. Erickson,
Christian Theology
(Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker, 1985), 269.

16
. Genesis 1:3

17
. Psalm 104:24

18
. Nahum 1:3

19
. Psalm 139:13–14

20
. Psalm 33:5

21
. 1 Kings 8:27

22
. Colossians 1:16 (
The Message
)

23
. Isaiah 25:8

24
. Romans 1:20

25
. Michael Shermer,
How We Believe
, 123.

26
. Alister McGrath,
Glimpsing the Face of God
, 22.

27
. Gregg Easterbrook, “The New Convergence,”
Wired
(December 2002).

28
. Quoted in John Polkinghorne,
Quarks, Chaos and Christianity
, 35.

29
. See: Candace Adams, “Leading Nanoscientist Builds Big Faith,”
Baptist Standard
(March 15, 2002).

30
. Quoted in Margaret Wertheim, “The Pope’s Astrophysicist,”
Wired
(December 2002).

31
. John Polkinghorne,
Quarks, Chaos, and Christianity
, 98–100.

32
. Ibid., 13.

33
. Alister McGrath,
Glimpsing the Face of God
, 44.

34
. See: American Scientific Affiliation,
Modern Science and Christian Faith
(Wheaton, Ill.: Van Kampen, 1948).

35
. Viggo Olsen,
The Agnostic Who Dared to Search
(Chicago: Moody, 1974). His other books are
Daktar
and
Daktar II,
both published by Moody.

36
. God said in Jeremiah 29:13: “You will seek me and find me when you seek me with all your heart.”

37
. Alister McGrath,
Glimpsing the Face of God
, 51, 53.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I’m glad you paused to read this page, because I want to tell you about my deep appreciation for several people whose assistance was invaluable in producing this book.

Special gratitude goes to Mark Mittelberg, my ministry partner for more than fifteen years, whose guidance and friendship mean the world to me. My thanks also go to his wife, Heidi, and their children, Matthew and Emma Jean, for their faithful support and prayers.

The team at Zondervan has been terrific. My editor, John Sloan, is the one whose insights originally put me on the right track in writing my
Case
books. Bruce Ryskamp, Scott Bolinder, Stan Gundry, Lyn Cryderman, John Topliff, Greg Stielstra, John Raymond, Dave Lambert, Bob Hudson, and the rest of the Zondervan team are simply the best partners I could ever imagine.

Thanks also to Jane Vogel for co-laboring on the student edition; Marion Stilley for her excellent work as my assistant; Bob and Gretchen Passantino for their suggestions; Bill Hybels, Jim Mellado, and the Willow Creek Association for their partnership; Bill Dallas, Jay Mitchell, and the team at Church Communication Network for their support; Scott and Susan Evans, Doug Martinez, and the staff at Outreach, Inc., for their friendship; Brad Dennison for first exposing me to helpful resources on science issues; and Bill and Kathy Butterworth, Karl and Barbara Singer, Doug and Fay Slaybaugh, Rick and Kay Warren, Paul Braoudakis, Bob Gordon, Beverly Nelson, Brad Mitchell, Brad Johnson, Hank Hanegraaff, and Paul Young for their kindness and encouragement.