Authors: Matthew White
Plymouth, 181, 185
Poitiers, Battle of, 134, 137
Polacken,
424
Poland, 111, 123, 202–3, 207, 209–11, 212, 213, 217, 237, 238, 247, 252, 261, 338, 356, 357, 359, 361, 362, 365–66, 387, 388, 390, 398, 402, 408, 410,
412,
417, 418, 421, 422, 423–24, 454, 456, 532
n,
554
Policharki prison, 505
Polish Home Army, 410
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 207
Polish Winged Hussars, 238
Polo, Marco, xv
Pol Pot, 456, 492, 494, 495
Poltava, 248
Polybius, 570
n
Pomerania, 256, 422
Pomona, 96
Pompeii, 60
Pompey, 30, 36
Ponce de Leon, Juan, 175–76
Pontics, 571
n
Pontus, 34–36, 571
n
Poona, 311
Popular Front, 397, 398
Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), 499–500
Populists, 315, 401
Porfirio Díaz, José de la Cruz, 339, 340
Port Harcourt, 479
Portugal, 72, 81, 161, 162, 164, 168, 173, 196, 224, 249, 259, 265, 286, 327, 400, 497, 500, 538, 539, 557
post-colonial Africa, 503–4, 552
Postoloprty, 423
Potomac River, 181
Potosi silver mine, 180, 584
n
Potsdam Conference (1945), 423
Powhatan Indians, 172, 181, 185, 186, 189
Poyang, Lake, 142, 580
n
Pragmatic Sanction, 252
Prague, 99, 216, 532
Prescott, William, 160
Pretoria, 65
Priam, 193
Prince, The
(Machiavelli), 200
Princip, Gavrilo, 346
Probus, Emperor of Rome, 556
Procopius, 74, 75, 76, 77
Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia, 359, 364
Prussia, 252–53, 256–58, 259, 261, 264, 268, 269, 307–8, 311
n,
318, 338, 345, 410–11, 422, 423, 531, 544, 551
Pruth River, 244
Puebla, Battle of, 341
Punic Wars, 13–14, 18–19, 27, 530, 531, 543
Punjab, 150, 427–28
Punti-Hakka Clan Wars, 303
Puntland, 517
Pusan, 441, 442, 444
Pusan Perimeter, 442
Pushkin, Alexander, 213
Puyi, Emperor of China, 372, 375
Pyongyang, 78–79, 442, 449
Pyrenees, 63
Qazwin, 123
Qianlong, Emperor of China, 254–55
Qi kingdom, 10
Qing dynasty, 227–30, 285–93,
287,
297–98, 302–3
Qin kingdom, 8, 10–11, 254, 569
n
Qin Shi Huang Di, 8, 11–12, 15–17, 44, 530, 548, 550
Quatre Bras, Battle of, 269
Quebec, Battle of, 258
Queztalcoatl, 157
Rabe, John, 377
Radcliffe, Cyril, 428
Rahman, Sheikh Mujibur, 482
Raichur Doab, 144–45
Rais, Gilles de, 137
n
Rajputs, 235
Ramree Island, 419
Rangoon, 448
Rapanui, 193
Ravenna, 62, 65, 76
Ravensberg, 256
Raymond, Count of Toulouse, 101
Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse, 127–28, 129
Reagan, Ronald, 559
Reconquista, 556
Red Army, 361, 364, 365, 366–68, 369, 378, 387–89, 390, 403–5, 410–11, 423, 540, 605
n,
608
n
Red Cliff,
54
Red Crescent, 318
Red Cross, 318, 479–80, 501
Red Eyebrow Rebellion, 47–49
Red Guards, 435–36
Red Rubber
(Morel), 330
Red Stick faction, 182
Red Turban Rebellion, 141, 289, 303
Reformation, 198–205, 215–22
Reginald of Chatillon, 102, 103
Reid, James J., 558
Reign of Terror, 260
Remarque, Erich Maria, 394
n
Renaissance, 146, 172, 200
Republic, Not an Empire, A
(Buchanan), 421
Republican Party, U.S., 171, 299, 471
Republican Spain, 397–99
Republic of Korea (ROK),
see
South Korea
Republic of Vietnam (RVN), 465–73
Reykjavik, 85
Rhee, Syngman, 439–40, 533
Rheims, 137
Rhineland, 99, 221
Rhine River, 258, 307, 410
Rhine Valley, 38, 63, 64, 67
Rhodesia, 497
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 421
Richard I (the Lionheart), King of England, 98, 103–4
Richard II, King of England, 134
Richard III, King of England, 539
Richelieu, Cardinal, 221
Richmond, Battle of, 299
Riego, Rafael de, 276
Riga, 403
Río de la Plata, 304, 305
Rio Salado, Battle of, 557
River Congo, The
(Forbath), 332
Roanoke Colony, 185
Robespierre, Maximilien, 260
Rocroi, Battle of, 221
Roehm, Ernst, 535
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
(Luo), 53, 54, 56, 58
Roman Empire, xvi, 5, 22–40, 50–52, 59–73,
63,
80, 85, 108, 109, 112, 137, 158, 159, 267, 336, 394, 529, 531, 544, 551–52, 553, 556, 561, 570
n
Romania, 192, 294, 317, 352, 356, 390, 400, 402, 403, 404, 408,
417,
418, 423, 424, 456
Roman-Jewish Wars, 50–52, 109, 365, 531, 536, 546
Romano, Ezzelino da, 394
Romanov, Anastasia, 207, 211
Romanov, Fedor (Brother Philaret), 211–12
Romanov, Michael, 212
Romanov dynasty, 212, 344, 359–61
Roman Republic, 13–14, 18–19,
20
–
21,
22–23, 27–40, 41, 59, 192, 394, 533, 546, 570
n
Roman Slave Wars, 27–31, 530, 546
Roma people, 191, 393, 408, 418, 545
Rome (city), 32, 64–65, 67–68, 76, 105, 401–2
Rome-Berlin Axis (1936), 401–2
Romulus Augustus, Emperor of Rome, 68
Roosevelt, Theodore, 331
Rotterdam bombing (1940), 415
Roughing It
(Twain), 556
Roundheads, 231–32
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 168
Roy, Rammohun, 577
n
Royal Navy, 168–69, 263, 264, 267, 274
Rubincam, Catherine, 41
Rudolf, Lake, 82
Rumbula Forest, 403
Rummel, Rudolph J., 186, 532
n
Rupilius, Publius, 28
Rurik dynasty, 208, 214
Russia, 42, 369–70, 449–52, 454, 457
see also Soviet Union
Russia, Imperial, 5, 110, 123, 148, 150, 153, 206, 207–14, 217, 229, 237, 242–48, 250, 254, 256, 258, 259, 261, 264, 268–69, 270, 294–96, 303, 316–19, 338, 344, 345, 346–47 351–352, 353, 354, 355, 388, 394, 400, 413, 417, 419, 529, 531, 533, 538, 544, 545, 546, 551, 553, 557–58, 563–64, 589
n
–90
n
Russian Civil War, 110, 355, 356, 357, 359–69, 378, 383
n,
454, 529, 535, 544, 545, 551, 563
Russian Federation, 449–52
Russian Front, World War II, 403–5, 406, 540, 546
Russian Orthodox Church, 209–10, 212, 242, 243, 294
Russian Provisional Government, 359
Russian Revolution, 212, 354, 357, 359
n,
360–61, 367
n
Russo-Tartar War, 206, 546, 531, 551
Russo-Turkish War, 316–19, 531, 546
Ruzi, Emperor of China, 45–46,
45,
48
Rwanda, 124, 125, 190
n,
191, 192, 357, 527, 530, 545
Rykov, Aleksey, 383, 386
Rzhevsky, 386
Sack of Rome (A.D. 409), 64–65, 67–68
Sagasta, Praxedes Mateo, 335
Saguntum, 18
Sahara Desert, 83–84, 326, 357
Sahel, 83, 84, 461
Sahu, Battle of, 226
Saigon, 466, 469, 473, 490
Saint-Arnaud, Armand-Jacques, 283
Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre (1572), 201–2
St. Clair, Arthur, 182
Saint-Dominique, 161, 166, 170, 273–74, 394, 561
Saint Helena Island, 269
Saint Mark’s Square, 104
Saint Petersburg, 242, 247, 296, 347, 359–61, 362, 364, 365, 386, 404–5, 419, 537
see also Leningrad
Sakarya River, Battle of the, 371
Saladin, 98, 102, 103
Salamis, Battle of, 4, 5
Sale, George, 196
h
Salisbury, Lord, 312–13
Salonica, 61, 371
Salsu River, 79
Salvius, 29
Salween River, 297
Samara, 364
Samarkand, 146, 148, 152, 153
Sambhaji, King, 235
Sanchez, Guadalupe, 343
Sand Creek River, 182
Sandinistas, 453
n
Sandler, Stanley, 444
n
Santa Isabel massacre, 342
Santee Sioux Indians, 182
Saracens, 98, 99–101, 102, 103, 104, 168, 621
n
Sarai, 150
Sardinia, 259
Sardis, 3
Saudi Arabia, 485, 507, 512
Saurashtra, 234
Savimbi, Jonas, 499, 500
Saxony, 215, 247, 252, 253, 256, 257, 259, 269, 533
Sayfi, 122
Schleswig-Holstein, 345
Scipio Africanus, 19
Scotland, 199, 219
“Scramble for Africa,” 323
n,
519
Scythians, 35
Second Artois, Battle of, 350
Second Coalition, 263, 264
Second Congo War, 523–28, 530, 544
Second Crusade, 102
Second French War of Religion, 537
Second Mithridatic War, 35
Second Persian War, 3–5, 6, 531, 545, 546
Second Punic War, 18–19, 530, 533, 543, 551
Second Servile War, 28–29
Second Sudanese War, 462–63
Second War of Independence, 334–35
Second World War, The
(Keegan), 400
n,
418
n
Secret Army Organization (OAS), 458, 460
Sedan, Battle of, 308
Seelow Heights, 411
Segal, Ronald, 87
Sekou Toure, Ahmed, 394
Seleucia, sack of, 556
Seljuk Turks, 101
Sen, Amartya, 309, 434
Senate, Roman, 28
n,
30, 32, 37
n,
40, 556
Senate, U.S., 466, 471
—see also Congress, U.S.
Sengoku Jidai, 557
Senzangakhona, Zulu Chief, 277
Seoul, 65, 442, 444
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, xiv, xv, 357, 508
Sequani, 38
Serapeum, 61
Serbia, 317, 345, 346, 400
Serbs, 107, 110, 191, 238, 316, 317, 345, 346, 362, 400, 416
Servile Wars, 27–31
Sevastopol, Siege of, 294, 295, 296