The History of the Renaissance World (126 page)

“The Simonie,” edited by James Dean. From
Medieval English Political Writings,
edited by James M. Dean. Copyright © 1996 Medieval Institute Publications. Reprinted with permission of the publisher.

“To Show to My Sons,” by Lu Yu, translated by Burton Watson. From
The Shorter Columbia Anthology of Traditional Chinese Literature,
edited by Victor H. Mair. Copyright © 2000 Columbia University Press. Reprinted with permission of the publisher.

Foreign Languages Press: Nine lines from
Poetry and Prose of the Tang and Song
, translated by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang. Copyright 1984 FLP.

Index

Page numbers in
italics
refer to illustrations and maps.

Aachen, 250, 388

Abaqa Khan, 374, 376, 379, 405

Abbasid caliphate, 134, 156, 230, 306, 342, 346, 349

‘Abd al-Mu’min, caliph, 90

Abelard, Peter, 49–52, 53, 57, 81, 235, 354

Abraham, 95

Abraham, Cresques, 457

Abru, Hafiz-i, 451–52

Abu Abdulluh al-Bakri, 99–100

Abu al-Abbas, 134
n

Abubakari II, king of Mali, 455, 457

Abu Bakr, 226
n

Abu’l-Faraj, 342

Abu Sa’id Bahadur Khan, 450–52

Abu Salih, 288

Abu Ya’qub Yusuf, 90–91, 243

Acamapichtli, king of Tenochtitlán, 494–95

Acominatus, Michael, 222

Aconcagua, 189
n

Acre, 158, 170, 171, 173, 174, 257, 275, 277, 293, 296, 336, 348, 351, 353–54, 369–70, 373–77

Kingdom of,
see
Jerusalem, Kingdom of

Acts, Book of, 233

Adafa, 287

Adamuz, 243

Adele of Champagne, queen of France, 152

Ad Extirpanda
, 359

Adrian IV, pope, 83

Adrianople, 220, 221, 421, 537, 538, 540

Adriatic Sea,
15
, 16, 316, 673

Aegean islands

Aegean Sea, 368, 538

Afghanapur, 479

Afonso V, king of Portugal, 657, 659–60

Africa, 88, 94–100,
96
, 244, 287–91, 372, 456, 587–89, 638, 654, 658

Christianity in, 287–88

Islam in, 288, 290

oral tradition in, 95, 98

slavery and, xxv, 654, 656–60

West, 98, 451, 456, 658–60

Agau people, 287

Aghata, 230

Agincourt, Battle of, 624–25,
624
, 662, 671

Agnolo di Tura, 416

Agricultural Treatise
(Chen Fu), 56

Ahmed Sanjar, Great Seljuk of the Turks, 121–22, 134, 262

Ahsan Shah, 480

Aigues-Mortes, 333, 463

Aiguillon, 501

Aimery of Limoges, 135–36

Ain Jalut, 348

Aizong, Jin emperor, 312–13

Akibatsu, 566

Akropolites, George, 221, 369–70, 375–76

Akuta, Jin emperor, 25, 57

akuto
, 471

Ala ad-Din Muhammad ibn Tekish, shah, 262–63

Al-Adid, Fatimid caliph, 106

al-Adil, Ayyubid caliph, 273–74, 275–76

Alamut, 226–27,
227

Alaric, 240

al-Arish, 104

al-Ashraf, al-Malik, sultan of Egypt, 347

‘Ala’-ud-Din, sultan of Delhi, 404–8, 427–31, 478

Ala-ud-Din Bahman, sultan of the Deccan (Hasan Gangu), 481

Al-Bakri, 97

Alba Regia, 673

Alberic of Trois Fontaines, 53

Albert, king of Germany, 410, 414

Albert, king of Sweden, 605–7

Albert II, king of Hungary and Germany, 650, 673–75, 677

Albi, 462

Albigensian Crusade, 238–40,
239
, 242, 244, 258, 259–60, 273, 275, 319

Al Biruni, 121

alcohol:

Islam and, 351

Mongols and, 339, 340, 341, 405

al-Din, Ala, 379

al-Din, Rashid, 341

al-Din, Rukn, 342

Aldona, queen of Poland, 554

al-Durr, Shajar, sultan of Egypt, 337, 346–47

Aleddin, 676

Aleppo, 17, 34, 35, 39–40, 137, 156, 342, 347, 348, 450, 628

Alessandria, 85

Alexander III, king of Scotland, 397

Alexander III, pope, 83, 85–86

Alexander IV, pope, 360–62

Alexander V, pope, 615

Alexander the Great, 408

Alexandria, 105, 335

Alexius (Mary of Antioch’s advisor), 144–45

Alexius (son of Isaac Angelus), 176

Alexius II Comnenus, emperor of Byzantium, 144–45

Alexius III Angelus, emperor of Byzantium, 176, 179, 217–20, 369

Alexius IV Angelus, emperor of Byzantium, 176, 177, 179, 217, 219

Alexius V Ducas (Mourtzouphlus), 179, 219

Alexius Comnenus, emperor of Constantinople, 13–14, 16, 135, 420, 538

Alexius Comnenus, emperor of Trebizond, 219

Alfarrobeira river, Battle of, 659

Alfonso I (Afonso Henriques), king of Portugal, 45–46, 88, 91, 242

Alfonso III, king of Aragon, 392

Alfonso VII, king of León-Castile, 44–46, 88

Alfonso VIII, king of Castile, 88–89, 91, 242–44

Alfonso IX, king of Léon, 242–44

Alfonso X, king of Léon-Castile, 360

Alfonso XI, king of Léon-Castile, 515

Alfonso the Battler, king of Aragon, Navarre, León, and Castile, 43–44, 92

Alghu, 343

Alhambra palace, 307

al-Haq, shaikh ‘Ala, 545

Ali, 226
n

Ali, al-Mansur, sultan of Egypt, 347

al-Idrisi, 207

Ali ibn al-Hassan, 97

Ali ibn Yusuf, king of the Almoravids, 43

Ali Mardan, 228

Aljubarrota, Battle of, 592,
592
, 654

al-Kamil, Ayyubid sultan, 276–78, 295–96, 318, 332–33

Allahabad, 404

Almagest
, xxiii, 46

al-Maqqari, 306–7

al-Marrakushi, 9, 44, 88

Almería, 88, 307

Almohads, 44, 88–92,
90
, 94, 177, 242–44, 306, 372–73,
372
, 655

timelines, 48, 54, 93, 101, 247, 256, 261, 309

Almoravids, 43–45, 88, 100, 207

timelines, 48, 54

al-Mu’azzam, 277, 295–96

al-Muhallabi, 94

al-Mu’min, 88

al-Mustansir, Abu ‘Abdallah, 373–74

al-Nasawi, Muhammad, 262–63

al-Nasir, Muhammad, Almohad caliph, 243–44

al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun, sultan of Egypt, 449–52

Alps, 319, 364, 443

al-Qazwini, 207

al-Salih Ismail, 156

Altai mountains, 197, 263

Altuniah, Malik, 326–27

al-‘Umari, 456, 458–59, 587

al-Wardi, Abu Hafs ‘Umar Ibn, 506

Alys (daughter of Louis VII), 167
n

al-Zaytuna, 373

Amalric I, king of Jerusalem, 103–5, 293
n

Amaterasu, 476

Amaury de Montfort, 259

Amiak, Yekuno, 288

Amicia (daughter of Simon de Montfort), 243

Amiens, 502

Amu Darya river, 310

Amur river, 640

An, prince of Dai Viet, 535

Anagni, 413

Anarchy, the, 22,
23
, 76–79, 126

Anastasius IV, pope, 83

Anatolia, 542

Andean cultures, 189

Andes, 192

Andes mountains, 189

Andrew II, king of Hungary, 275, 281–83, 293, 315

Andria, cathedral of, 295

Andronicus, general, 139

Andronicus Comnenus, emperor of Byzantium, 144–46, 219, 220

Andronicus II, emperor of Byzantium, 389, 391, 405, 419–22

Andronicus III, emperor of Byzantium, 422–23

Angkor, 30

Angkor Wat, 30–31,
31
,
32
, 34, 300, 521, 532

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
, 22

Anglo-Saxons, 4

Angoulême, count of, 202

Anjou, 20, 76,
77
, 150–51, 202, 498, 304, 579

Ankara, 629

Anna Comnena, 13–14

Annales Paulini
, 435

Annam
, 27

Anne, empress of Byzantium, 423, 425, 541

Anonimalle Chronicle
, 581

Anselm of Canterbury, 5–8, 50, 354

anti-Burgundians, 623

Antioch, 13–14,
15
, 17,
36
, 40–41, 102–3, 135–37, 156, 166, 170, 182, 351, 373, 376

Antoku, emperor of Japan, 161

Aoife, 149

Apulia, 321, 324, 364

Apulia and Calabria, Dukedom of, 13,
15
, 135, 141

Aqtay, Faris al-Din, 347–48

Aquinas, Thomas, 356–57, 359, 375, 647
n

Aquitaine, 77–78, 174, 203, 304, 398–99, 401, 520

Arabia, 429, 456

Arabic language, xxiii–xxiv, 46–47

Arabs, 16, 94, 95, 98, 276, 288, 289, 291, 295, 456, 463, 587

empire of Cairo of, 348

numbering system of, 46

Aragon, 43,
89
, 242–46, 305–6,
307
, 372, 391, 392, 398, 420, 463, 515, 522, 612, 617

Aral Sea, 263, 310, 313

Aram Shah, as sultan of north India, 228–29

Argenteuil, convent of, 50

Arik-Boke Khan, 342–43

Aristotelian logic, xxiv, 53

Aristotle, xxiii, 5–6, 46,
47
, 52, 53, 489, 615

Christianity and, 6–7, 53, 356

dialectic of, 5–7, 49, 53, 57

Arjona, 307

Ark of the Covenant, 288

Arles, 517

Armagnac, count of, 622–23, 625

Armagnacs, 623, 624, 662–63

Armenia, 170

Arnold, Abbot of Cisteaux, 238–40

Arsuf, 172

Arthur (grandson of Henry II), 202–3

Arundel, earl of, 595

Ascalon, 158

Asen, 220

Ashikaga clan, 473

Ashikaga Shogunate, 475, 566, 568

Ashikaga Takauji, 473–75

Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, 566, 568–69

Asia, 506, 638

Asia Minor, 17, 135, 170, 217, 367, 368, 420, 421, 538, 599

Christians in, 13

Assassins (
fidaiyan
), 226–28, 342

Assisi, 575

Assize of Clarendon, 129, 132

Assyria, Assyrians, 102, 558

astronomy, xxiii, 46

atabegs
, 34

Atacama Desert, 189, 191

Athareb, 35

Atlantic Ocean, 187, 455, 456, 654

atman
, 119
n

Augustine, Saint, 234

Austria, 16, 275, 316

Averrhoes, 615

Avignon, 258

papacy in, 413,
414
, 461–62, 484–85, 487–88, 507, 510, 539–41, 571–74, 579, 601, 612, 615, 617

Axum, 287

Aybek, sultan of Egypt, 346–47

Ayushiridara, 527

Ayutthaya, 532–33

Ayyub, as-Salih, 332–37, 346, 449

Ayyubid caliphate, 275–76, 332–37, 342, 346–48, 628

Azcapotzalco, 494–95

Azores, 658

Aztecs (Mexica people), 491–95,
493

Aztlan, 491

Babylon, 335

Babylonian Captivity, papal, 413

Bach Dang river, 27, 385

Badajoz, 91

Baeza, 88

Baghdad, 34, 40, 44, 56, 134
n
, 156, 273, 279, 339, 450, 452, 560, 588, 629, 632, 641

caliph in, 230, 262, 306, 342, 346

slave market in, 327

Baha ad-Din, 200

Bahmani sultanate, 481–82, 545–46, 627–28

Bahman Shah (Zafar Khan), 546

Bahram, king of Delhi, 327

Bahram Shah, king of the Ghaznavids, 121–22

Bahri Regiment, 336–37, 346–49, 449

Bahri sultanate, in Egypt, 349,
350
, 373, 376,
377
, 420, 456, 628

Baibars, sultan of Egypt, 337, 348–51, 373–74, 376

Baladeva, 112

Balban, sultan of Delhi, 327–30,
328
, 403–4

Baldwin I, emperor of Constantinople, 180, 217–21, 367

Baldwin II, emperor of Constantinople, 367–68, 370, 389

Baldwin II, king of Jerusalem, 21

Baldwin III, king of Jerusalem, 103–4

Baldwin V, king of Jerusalem, 156

Balian of Sidon, 296

Balkans, 675

Balkh, 264, 557

Ball, John, 582, 584

Ballal Sen, king of Sena, 119, 121, 123

Balliol, Edward, 497–98

Balliol, John, 398–400, 497

Baltic Crusade, 284–85,
285

Baltic Sea, 266, 283, 284, 445, 552, 604

Baluze, Etienne, 462

Bampton, Thomas, 583

Bang Klang T’ao, king of Syam, 300

Ban Kulin, king of Bosnia, 168
n

Bannockburn, Battle of, 437,
437
, 497

Banu Umayya, 134
n

Baol, 459

Baphaeum, 420

Barani, Ziauddin, 330, 403, 405–6, 429–31, 479–80, 482