The Mafia Encyclopedia (59 page)

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Authors: Carl Sifakis

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Page 166
Underboss
, the story of Sammy the Bull's life in the Mafia,
by Peter Maas became a national best-seller. Afterward the
kin of several of Gravano's murder victims started a legal campaign
to deprive him of any Financial rewards From the book,
but Gravano has proved a tough nut and has given up nothing.
Despite this, the prosecution was ready to trade immunity for information about Gotti, including facts tying him to the scene of the curbside murder of Paul Castellano outside a fashionable New York steakhouse. The damage the Bull did the Gambino family was staggering. Besides Gotti, Gravano was directly responsible for dozens of convictions, guilty pleas or added prison terms for Gambino family members.
Top aide Frank Locascio (Frankie Loc) went down, along with seven capos, for counts varying from murder to racketeering. That group included Tommy Gambino, the son of Carlo Gambino and operator of the family's empire in the garment industry. High-up figures in the Colombo family and New Jersey's DeCavalcante family fell, as did the underboss in the Genovese family and a consigliere and three capos from other New York families. The Bull also caused eight union officials to plead guilty to charges of labor racketeering. Others who fell under the Bull's tell-all were a city criminal intelligence cop who was feeding information to Gotti and a corrupt juror from one of Gotti's previous prosecutions.
It remained stunning to many observers that the Bull had flipped; however, it was obvious that he had no choice, since otherwise, he concluded in conference with his lawyer, he faced a sure sentence of 50 years to life. The tapes had doomed him, and Gravano was bitter about that. Gotti's words on the tapes tied the Bull to two or three murders for certain. He blamed Gotti's "big mouth" for dooming him.
Some observers noted that if the case against Gravano had been that strong, and it obviously was, it was doubly true about Gotti himself. Why then, they wondered, was it necessary to make a deal with Gravano? The only explanation was that the prosecution suffered from "teflon don syndrome," a fear that if the case against Gotti somehow fell through, the government would never be able to prosecute him again. Under that theory Gravano was a godsend.
In 1995, in exchange for his testimony in the Gotti case and some others, the prosecution agreed to no more than a five-year sentence for Gravano. Since he had been imprisoned since 1990, he was free.
After that the Bull was out there somewhere. He left the witness protection program. His wife divorced him, selling their home and some building property in her name and left New York with their children. That was the official version, but some people in the media predicted there would someday be a family reunion for the Bull.
The new Gravano was described as a man with a legit job, determined to start a new life. The same could not be said for John Gotti.
See also:
Gotti, John
; Malliocchia.
Greed of Crime Bosses: Top of the mob shakedown artists
Near the end of his life, Carlo Gambino, the de facto boss of bosses, became enraptured by moneyother mobsters' money. He might receive a cut of $25,000 from a capo and then a few days later, confront the same capo and snarl: "Where the hell is my 25 grand?"
This was Carlo Gambino, and normally he would never have acted that way, except that he was, as the wise guys knew and whispered, losing it, going senile. Had that happened with most other bosses, the wise guy assumption would have been that it was a boss shakedown. Carlo by his reputation got a bye on that. In the mob, men turn "green-eyed," and as one moves up the ladder the greed of the players becomes more intense. Most crime bosses view the whole world as their victim, but their top choice is their own men.
Page 167
Bosses call this "showing them respect," but it really means "show me the money." And even if there is no money, they still want it.
Many of the family civil wars revolve around a boss's insatiable greed.
Ten years after the death of Carlo Gambino, two tough wise guys who had clawed their way to the top of their families, John Gotti and Philadelphia boss Little Nicky Scarfo, were debating their old bosses' greed. According to Philadelphia informer Phil Leonetti, who took part in the discussions, said of Angelo Bruno, the old family boss, "If we would go to him to ask a favor to try to get into a business, he would say, 'No, it's a bad idea,' and then behind our back, he would send his son-in-law or his cousin to get the deal." That rankled Scarfo and Leonetti, since "if he wanted to kill somebody, he would know who to come to; he would come to us."
"Jesus," John Gotti commiserated, "Paul [Castellano] was the same way, the same type of guy. He did the same thing with us. He wouldn't let us make a living and on top of everything else, he wanted to kill me."
Not surprisingly both Bruno and Castellano ended up murdered. Other bosses over the years faced similar problems. Joe Profaci, one of the founding fathers of the five families in New York, was a notorious "miser thief," as many of his men called him. He grabbed such a huge cut of revenues for himself that he finally provoked the Profaci-Gallo war. That conflict was still unresolved when Profaci died from natural causesand undoubtedly, said the Gallo people, tried to take his loot with him.
Carlo Gambino's heir, his cousin Paul Castellano, stood out in the 1980s as the most practiced boss when it came to parsimonious behavior. His sticky fingers simply never let loose of any of his soldiers' money that came his way by mistake. Once Sammy "the Bull" Gravano made a score for $120,000 and was to cut it up in three equal shares of $40,000 for Castellano, for corrupt union people and for himself. Being magnanimous the Bull paid off Castellano and the union boys as the dough rolled in and figured he'd take his share last. Unfortunately, an associate who collected the last $40,000 gave it to Castellano.
Figuring he was dealing with a man of honor, the Bull went to Paul and explained what happened. "So," he said, "that money's mine."
Then, Castellano made a big show of jumping out of his skin and pointed in wild panic toward the ceiling, as though he suspected FBI bugs all over the place. He told Sammy, "Don't bring it up to me anymore. I'll bring it up to you."
He never did. At the time Sammy hadn't been concerned since Paul was "worth a trillion." It turned out that a trillion, forty thousand was even better in Paul's mind.
That caper was equaled or exceeded by Castellano's other dirty dealings within the mob. Castellano set up an outfit called Metro Concrete for his son-in-law and himself, and they simply grabbed away millions of dollars worth of crooked business from various family companies. At the same time Castellano short-circuited many construction union kickbacks directly and cut his own soldiers out of the loop, taking a monstrous chunk out of revenues due his people.
Perhaps his greatest sin was selling out Frank Piccolo, the family capo in Connecticut, to the Genovese family. The Genovese people wanted exclusive control of the gambling and loans shark revenues in the state, but Piccolo was grabbing some of the loot for the Gambinos. This should have delighted Castellano, but the Genoveses kept pushing, asking for the right to kill Piccolo. Castellano finally agreed, in part to solidify his position with the rival group and have allies in case he faced an insurrection from within. Also as part of the deal the Genoveses would cut Paul in personally for a share of the state's profits. So, Piccolo died, and the Gambino family was hurt, except for Castellano himself.
In that sense, Castellano's greed added a link to the chain of events leading to his destruction. When Gotti decided to make his move against his family boss, he sought approval from the other New York families. The Genoveses had no objection. If Castellano departed the planet, they would have Connecticut for themselves and face no obligation to continue the payoffs to Paul's murderers, especially since Gotti would have his hands full getting a handle on all the other revenues coming in.
Of course, Gotti as boss meant just another greedy boss, despite his insistence he was making everybody richer. Gotti needed the money. He had an expensive wardrobe and lifestyle and during the pro-football season he might lose as much as a quarter million dollars a weekend to gambling.
Right after taking over, Gotti lectured his capos about not overpaying their soldiers. He particularly went after Sammy "the Bull" Gravano, complaining he was giving too much of their scores to their men. It was not good, he said, to let them make "too much money." He spoke of the virtues of keeping the men down, broke and hungry. He pointed out he paid his chauffeur $600 a week, this to a man who might be in a situation of having to save the boss's life. The Bull was shocked, pointing out that if the driver had to pick up one fairsized tab during the week, he'd have nothing left to take care of his family.
Gotti could not be persuaded; he just didn't want the guys getting "too fat."
Page 168
There was some prudence in Gotti's orders to the Bull. Gravano was cutting up scores more than the other capos, and thus getting more loyalty from the men. Some day the Bull could command such loyalty that his crew would do anything for himincluding getting rid of John Gotti.
Some experts have no doubt that sooner or later, had not the government gone after the mob, there would have been a Gotti-Gravano war. But that is the dilemma for Gotti and all other bosses: to "overpay" the boys or stiff them. Greed usually provides the course of action.
Greenbaum, Gus (18941958): Mob bookmaker and murder victim
Referred to by some contemporaries as "the second toughest Jewish mobster in Vegas" (Moe Dalitz was number one), Gus Greenbaum, besides managing a number of casinos in Las Vegas, was the mob's principal Arizona bookmaker. Greenbaum went all the way back to New York's Lower East Side with Meyer Lansky, being involved in bootlegging as well as handling a number of gambling assignments.
When Bugsy Seigel was shot dead in Virginia Hill's plush Beverly Hills mansion, his blood had not even dried when in far-off Las Vegas three menMorris Rosen, Moe Sedway and Greenbaummarched into the lobby of the Flamingo, Siegel's newly opened casino hotel, and announced they were taking over. It was apparently clairvoyance that prompted them to do so before Siegel's murder became generally known.
Lansky put Greenbaum in charge of the business end of the Flamingo and within a year the losses Siegel had incurred were transformed into a $4 million profit. There was no way of guessing how much money was "skimmed" off before tax forms were filled out, although an educated rule of thumb puts it around three times the reported profits.
Greenbaum was sitting pretty. The Flamingo and Vegas flourished, and Greenbaum kept it that way. He exhibited the toughness that made his word law. When two Kansas City hoodlums, Tony Broncato and Tony Tombino, heisted $3,500 in the only successful armed robbery in Vegas since the opening of the Flamingo, Greenbaum took it as a personal affront. He passed the death sentence on them, and although the two Tonys went into hiding, they were located in Los Angeles and murdered. The job was done by hit man Jimmy Fratianno.
With the passing years, Greenbaum became a problem for the mob. An inveterate gambler and womanizer, he became an alcoholic and turned to drugs. Still, he did have a way of turning casinos into gold mines. When Chicagospecifically Tony Accardo, Sam Giancana and the Fischettistook over the Riviera in Las Vegas, they borrowed Greenbaum to do his thing. The Riviera prospered, but perhaps not as well as might have been expected. Greenbaum, to finance his personal habits, was skimming the skim. In December 1958 Greenbaum and his wife were found dead in their home in Phoenix, their throats cut.
The gory murders were said to have upset Lansky. Not that he had not authorized the Greenbaums' assassination, but he had undoubtedly let the contract go to the Chicago Outfit, known to prefer brutal murders to simple kills. The dispatching of Mrs. Greenbaum, Chicago felt, would be an added inducement to other employees to play fair with the mob.
See also:
Skimming
.
"Green eyes": The Mafia's greediest
Paul Castellano had "green eyes." Angelo Bruno, the longtime boss of the Philadelphia mob had green eyes. Sammy "the Bull" Gravano had green eyes. The term within the Mafia is used for any mobster, high or low, who is deemed too greedy. It applies especially to a boss or other chieftain far up the crime family ladder who appears to be hogging everything for himself. It is a trait that certainly plays a role in their ultimate fategetting whacked out by those under them.
Sammy the Bull, who rose to be John Gotti's underboss before he turned informer to save himself, showed such green eyes in his new position under Gotti that his superior was driven to distraction.
Gotti understood the perils of obsessive greed and ruthlessness, and he felt it would in time split the Gambino family and plague it with constant intrafamily warfare. In addition Gotti felt he was being victimized by the Bull and being left out in the cold. Gravano was building a business empire of companies tied into construction and feeding off the mob's controlled rackets.
FBI tapes caught Gotti complaining to Frankie Loc, another top aide, "Where are we going here? Every fucking time I turn around there's a new company popping up. Building, consulting, concrete. And every time we got a partner that don't agree with us, we kill him. You go to the Boss, and your Boss kills him. He okays it. Says it's all right, good. Where are we going here, Frankie? Who the fuck are we? What do I get out of this here?"
Working up to a full head of steam, Gotti continued, "... Sammy, slow it down. Slow it down. You come up with fifteen companies. For Christ sakes you got ... concrete pouring. You got tiled floor now. You got construction. You got asbestos. You got rugs. What the fuck next? The other day ... Sammy says, 'And I got the paint, and I got'

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