The Monuments Men (63 page)

2
. Rorimer,
Survival
, 15.

3
. “The Capital of the Ruins” was the title of a short report by Samuel Beckett, 1946.

4
. Rorimer letter, undated, Rorimer Papers.

5
. Ibid.

6
. Smyth,
Repatriation of Art
, 16.

7
. Rorimer,
Survival
, 19.

8
. Ibid., 37.

9
. Ibid.

10
. Ibid., 39.

The letter on p. 95 is from roll 1421, Stout Papers.

Chapter 12: Michelangelo’s Madonna

Details of this chapter are drawn from “Removal of Works of Art from the Church of Notre-Dame at Bruges,” Sept. 24, 1944. King’s College Archive Centre, Cambridge, The Papers of Ronald Edmond Balfour, Misc. 5.

Chapter 13: The Cathedral and the Masterpiece

1
. Hancock to Saima, September 20, 1944, Walker Hancock Papers, Gloucester, MA.

2
. Rorimer,
Survival
, 47.

3
. Hancock to Saima, October 30, 1943.

4
. Hancock,
A Sculptor’s Fortunes
, 129.

5
. Hancock to Saima, October 31, 1943, Hancock Papers.

6
. Hancock to Saima, October 30, 1943, Hancock Papers.

7
. Hancock to Saima, January 28, 1944, Hancock Papers.

8
. Hancock to Saima, April 11, 1944, Hancock Papers.

9
. Ambrose,
Citizen Soldiers
, 110.

10
. Hancock to Saima, October 6, 1944, Hancock Papers.

11
. Interview with Bernard Taper.

12
. Hancock,
A Sculptor’s Fortunes
, 136.

13
. Hancock to Saima, October 6, 1944, Hancock Papers.

14
. Hancock to Saima, October 10, 1944, Hancock Papers.

Chapter 14: Van Eyck’s Mystic Lamb

1
. Interview with Robert Posey.

2
. Posey to Alice, September 23, 1944, Robert Posey Papers, Scarsdale, NY.

Chapter 15: James Rorimer Visits the Louvre

1
. Rorimer letter, September 8, 1944, Rorimer Papers.

2
. Ibid.

3
. Taylor, “The Rape of Europa,” 52.

4
. Rorimer journal, September 27, 1944 entry, 28MFAA-J:-1-1, James J. Rorimer Papers, Gallery Archives, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC.

5
. Simon,
The Battle of the Louvre
, 26.

6
. Chamson, “In Memoriam, Jacques Jaujard,” 151.

7
. Franz Graf Wolff-Metternich, “Concerning My Activities as Adviser on the Protection of Works of Art to O.K.H. from 1940–1942 (Kunstschutz),” p. 3, RG 239, M1944, Roll 89, frames 352–372, NARA.

8
. Ibid.

9
. Ibid., p. 12.

10
. Ibid., attachment “Re: Professor Dr. Graf Franz Wolff-Metternich, born 31.12.99 in Felkingen, Catholic, married, Provinzialkonservator for the Rhine, living in Bonn, Blücherstrasse 2.”

11
. Rayssac,
L’Exode des Musées
, 853.

12
. Ibid., 706.

13
. Von Choltitz, “Pourquoi en 1944 je n’ai pas détruit Paris.”

The letter on pp. 136–138 comes from the Rorimer Papers.

Chapter 16: Entering Germany

1
. Hancock to Saima, October 25, 1944, Hancock Papers.

2
. Photo no. 00060179, Ullstein Bild.

3
. Hancock to Saima, October 25, 1944, Hancock Papers.

4
. Hancock, “Experiences of a Monuments Officer in Germany,” 273.

5
. Hancock,
A Sculptor’s Fortunes
, 139.

6
. Ibid., 140.

7
. Ibid.

8
. Hancock journal, Hancock Papers.

Chapter 17: A Field Trip

1
. Hancock, “Experiences of a Monuments Officer in Germany,” 277.

2
. Ibid.

3
. Ibid., 279.

4
. Ibid.

5
. The analysis notes are drawn from Hancock journal, November 18, 1944, Hancock Papers.

The letter on pp. 153–154 is from roll 1421, Stout Papers.

Chapter 18: Tapestry

1
. Canady, “James Rorimer Left Cloisters to Excel in a Bigger Job.”

2
. Rayssac,
L’Exode des Musées
, 695.

3
. Rorimer,
Survival
, 93.

4
. Ibid.

5
. Rorimer notes on Valland, 28MFAA-J:-2-11, Rorimer Papers, NGA.

6
. Ibid.

Chapter 19: Christmas Wishes

1
. Sasser,
Patton’s Panthers
, 127.

2
. D’Este,
Patton
, 685.

3
. Posey to Alice, July 9, 1944, Posey Papers.

4
. Posey to Dennis, March 1, 1945, Posey Papers.

5
. Nicholas,
The Rape of Europa
, 224.

The letter on pp. 171–172 is from the Posey Papers.

Chapter 20: The Madonna of La Gleize

The letter on pp. 175–176 is from the Hancock Papers.

Chapter 21: The Train

1
.
Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression
, Vol. III, 186.

2
. Rose Valland note, July 28, 1944, R32-1, Archives des Musées Nationaux.

3
. Rose Valland note, August 16, 1944, R32-1, Archives des Musées Nationaux.

4
. Rose Valland note, February 1944, R32-1, Archives des Musées Nationaux.

5
. Rose Valland note, August 20, 1944, R32-1, Archives des Musées Nationaux.

6
. Michel Rayssac,
Historail
, January 2008.

7
. Rorimer,
Survival
, 112.

8
. Valland,
Le Front de L’Art
, 218.

9
. Rorimer letter, April 23, 1944, Rorimer Papers.

10
. Rorimer letter, October 22, 1944, Rorimer Papers.

11
. Rorimer letter, June 6, 1944, Rorimer Papers.

12
. Rose Valland letter, October 21, 1944, Archives des Musées Nationaux.

13
. Rorimer Manuscript, 28MFAA-J:-3-14, Rorimer Papers, NGA.

Chapter 22: The Bulge

1
. Posey to Alice, December 16, 1944, Posey Papers.

2
. Ibid.

3
. Stout to Margie, January 10, 1945, Roll 1421, Stout Papers.

4
. Author’s interview with Robert Posey.

Chapter 23: Champagne

1
. The details on the arrival of the Germans at the Jeu de Paume are drawn from Valland,
Le Front de l’Art
, chapter 7.

2
. Ibid., 67.

3
. Ibid., 68.

4
. Ibid., 59.

5
. The details on the liberation of Paris are drawn from Valland,
Le Front de l’Art
, chapter 23.

6
. Valland letter, October 27, 1944, Archives des Musées Nationaux.

Chapter 24: A German Jew in the U.S. Army

The material in this chapter is drawn from the author’s interview with Harry Ettlinger, 2008; and Ettlinger, “Ein Amerikaner.”

Chapter 25: Coming Through the Battle

1
. Hancock, “Experiences of a Monuments Officer in Germany,” 285.

2
. Ibid.

3
. Ibid.

4
. Ibid.

Chapter 26: The New Monuments Man

1
. Duberman,
The Worlds of Lincoln Kirstein
, 373.

2
. Ibid., 387.

3
. Ibid.

4
. Rorimer letter, June 27, 1944, Rorimer Papers.

5
. Kirstein letter to Cairns, October 13, 1944, box 13-202, MGZMD, 97, Lincoln Kirstein Papers, ca. 1914–1991, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, Jerome Robbins Dance Division, Archives.

6
. Adolf Hitler,
Mein Kampf
, as cited in Martin Gray and A. Norman Jeffares, eds.,
A Dictionary of Quotations
(New York: Barnes and Noble Books, 1995), 323.

Chapter 27: George Stout with His Maps

1
. Stout to Margie, undated letter, January 30–February 8, 1945, roll 1421, Stout Papers.

2
. Journal entry, January 29, 1945, roll 1378, Stout Papers.

3
. Stout to Margie, March 6, 1945, roll 1421, Stout Papers.

4
. Stout to Margie, April 6, 1945, roll 1421, Stout Papers.

5
. Stout to Margie, March 6, 1945, roll 1421, Stout Papers.

Chapter 28: Art on the Move

1
. Yeide,
Beyond the Dreams of Avarice
, 17.

2
. Sigmund,
Die Frauen der Nazis
, 65.

Chapter 29: Two Turning Points

The details of Ronald Balfour’s death are drawn from “Translation of Article in Rheinpost 12th September 1985, Hachmann, The Sexton, Eyewitness of Major Balfour’s Death,” King’s College Archive Centre, Cambridge, The Papers of Ronald Edmond Balfour, Misc. 5.

1
. Hobbs, “A Michelangelo in Belgium?”

2
. Rorimer letter, February 18, 1945, Rorimer Papers.

3
. From Rorimer Manuscript, ERR 20, box 3-9, Rorimer Papers.

4
. The details on the Nazis’ burning of art in 1943 are taken from notes made by Rose Valland and Jacqueline Bouchot-Saupique based on Valland’s eyewitness account, July 20, 1943, and July 23, 1943, Archives des Musées Nationaux. This story has been challenged by some historians, including Matila Simon in
The Battle of the Louvre
.

5
. Rorimer,
Survival
, 114.

Chapter 30: Hitler’s Nero Decree

1
. Speer,
Inside the Third Reich
, 437.

2
. Ibid., 562.

Chapter 31: First Army Across the Rhine

1
. Hancock to Saima, March 12, 1945, Hancock Papers.

2
. Ibid.

3
. Stout to Margie, March 19, 1945, roll 1421, Stout Papers.

Chapter 32: Treasure Map

1
. Posey to Alice, March 18, 1945, Posey Papers.

2
. Kirstein to Groozle, March 24, 1945, box 2-25, MGZMD 97, Kirstein Papers. Kirstein used a variety of nicknames for those in his inner circle, most of them a variation of “Goosie”; for this reason it is difficult to determine with certainty the recipient of a letter so addressed.

3
. “St. Lô to Alt Aussee,” Posey Papers.

4
. Kirstein to Groozle, March 24, 1945, box 2-25, MGZMD 97, Kirstein Papers.

5
. Ibid.

6
. Posey to Dennis, March 23, 1945, Posey Papers.

7
. Posey, “Protection of Cultural Monuments During Combat,” 130.

8
. Kirstein, “Arts and Monuments,”
The Poems of Lincoln Kirstein
, 264.

9
. Kirstein, “Quest for the Golden Lamb,” 183.

10
. Kirstein, “Arts and Monuments,” 265.

11
. Bunjes letter presented at Nuremberg trials,
Nuremberg Trials
, Volume 9, 547–549.

12
. Kirstein, “Quest for the Golden Lamb,” 183.

Chapter 33: Frustration

1
. Rorimer letter, undated, Rorimer Papers.

2
. Speer,
Inside the Third Reich
, 452–453.

3
. Ibid., 453.

4
. Ibid., 453–454.

5
. Ibid., 455.

The letter on pp. 275–276 is from the Hancock Papers.

The letter on pp. 277–279 is from roll 1421, Stout Papers.

Chapter 34: Inside the Mountain

1
. Hancock to Saima, April 4, 1945, Hancock Papers.

Chapter 35: Lost

1
. Nicholas,
The Rape of Europa
, 332.

2
. Hancock to Saima, November 25, 1945, Hancock Papers.

Chapter 36: A Week to Remember

1
. Kirstein, “The Mine at Merkers,” box 13-206, MGZMD 97, Kirstein Papers.

2
. Bradsher, “Nazi Gold: The Merkers Mine Treasure,” 8.

3
. Posey to Alice, April 9, 1945, Posey Papers.

4
. Kirstein, “The Mine at Merkers.”

5
. Kirstein, “Hymn,”
The Poems of Lincoln Kirstein
, 274.

6
. Stout journal, April 11, 1945, roll 1378, Stout Papers.

7
. Bradsher, “Nazi Gold: The Merkers Mine Treasure,” 8.

8
. D’Este,
Eisenhower
, 686.

9
. David Eisenhower,
Eisenhower at War
, 763.

10
. Bradley,
A General’s Life
, 428.

11
. D’Este,
Eisenhower
, 720.

12
. Ibid.

13
. Kirstein, “The Mine at Merkers.”

14
. Kirstein to Ma and Goosie, April 13, 1945, box 2-24, MGZMD, Kirstein Papers.

15
. Stout journal, April 13, 1945, roll 1378, Stout Papers.

16
. Ibid.

17
. Stout journal, April 15, 1945, roll 1378, Stout Papers.

18
. Stout journal, April 16, 1945, roll 1378, Stout Papers.