The Myth of Nazareth: The Invented Town of Jesus (72 page)

Kuhnen, Hans-Peter:
—100, 158–160;
on kokh tombs —158; on duration of kokh tomb use —269; on trough graves —270

L

Lachish:
ceramics of —30

Lamps:
See Oil Lamps
 

Lapp, Nancy:
—115; on Hellenistic pottery —115

Lapp, Paul:
—125, 167, 168; on fragments from Ch. of St. Joseph —125; on Hellenistic era in Galilee  —139; on bow-spouted lamp —167

Leclercq, Henri:
on Nazareth —64

Levallois technology:
—23; at Jebel Qafza —23

Levant:
beginnings of settled life in —28

Liber Annuus (journal)
:
  —72, 74, 77

Literary traditions:
competing; regarding location and size of ancient Nazareth —211; competing northern and southern —212

Literature:
on Nazareth  —67

Loffreda, Fr. Stanislao:
—46,
51,
52; dating of Nazareth artefacts by —37; Iron Age artefacts assemblage of —51; Vitto redating of material dated by —46; Tomb 75 in relation to —52; Capernaum in relation to —271

Luke, Gospel of:
— 211,
212,
213,
219,
228,
232; Nazareth synagogue scene in —xiii; attempt to throw Jesus to his death in —81; Mount of the Leap in relation to —25;  Archangel Gabriel in —76; story of “casting down” of Jesus (Lk 4:29)   —202; (Lk 4:28–30) —217;
vs
. birth legend of Matthew —212;  Josephus in relation to —268

M

Maccabean revolt:
Seleucids in relation to  —101, 102

Maccabees, Books of:
—103

Manasseh:
kokh tomb of  —111; late kokhim at —161

Mansur, Asad:
—223,
225,
243,
245,
260; on cave tomb near CA —25; unverified tombs in relation to —223

Map:
of Nazareth basin showing venerated sites —24;  of Nazareth Range —22; of Palestine —20; of Middle and Late Roman tombs of Nazareth —223

Marduk:
—62; priests of  —62

Mark, Gospel of:
term ‘Nazorean’ unknown to —xii; single mention of Nazaret in, as interpolation —xiii;
Iêsou Nazarêne
of —291; Nazareth not really in —299

Mariamne:
—154

Marisa:
—109–111,
139, 159,
162; earliest kokh tomb at —159

Maronite
Church:
site of casting down of Jesus in relation to —202

Martyrium of Conon:
—252; Bagatti’s name for Tomb 29 —84 

Mary (Saint):
— 69,
70,
76; as troglodyte —67; house of —70; tradition of maiden home of under CA —211

Mary’s dwelling:
—211

Mary’s Spring (and Well):
—211, 214,
215,
221,
222,
223,
229, 243; excavation focus in relation to —36; location of —21; Alexandre’s excavations near —132

Masada:
 —156; revolutionaries seize —156; suicides at —266

Mashhad:
—54

Mattathias:
—102

Matthew, Gospel of:
—211,
212,
213; first to use term ‘Nazorean’ —xii;
vs
. birth legend of Luke —212; locates Nazareth in Galilee —302; northern tradition in —302

Mazar, A.:
—45; on Ephraim surveys —46; on Israelite origins —43

McRay, John:
critique of Zindler’s “Where Jesus Never Walked” —287

Médebielle,
A.:
on pottery of time of Herod   —173

Medean-Babylonian coalition:
—61

Mediterranean diet:
—28

Megiddo:
—19,
21,
29,
30,
38,
39,
43,
45,
47, 61,
83; abandonment of —32; as Egyptian administrative center —43; Broze-Age dominance of —30; burial practices at —32; dispute with Shechem —44; importance and history of —21; in Iron Age —43; in tenth century —47; Israel Finkelstein on rise of —29; nearness to Nazareth basin —21; pottery of, Bagatti on Nazareth and —30; pottery workshops at —40; resettlement of —40; sacked by Shishak  —47; Stratum VIIA at —45; trade routes in relation to — 19; as regional standard for stratigraphy  83; communal cisterns in relation to —80; stratigraphy of (Appendix 3) —319

Meistermann
,
Fr. B.:
—244,
245,
247,
260;
on cisterns and tombs —244

Melania the Elder:
—293

Mendenhall, George:
—44

Menelaus (High Priest):
  —102

Mensa
Christi:
as site of casting down of Jesus   —202

Mensa Christi Church: —222;
‘En ed-Jedide (New Well) near —21

Mentuhotep:
reunification of Egypt by —33

Merneptah stele:
—44

Mesopotamia:
end of Akkadian empire in —33

Messianic secret:
Wilhelm Wrede in relation to —287

Meyers, Eric M.:
—136, 226,
227;
Hellenistic renaissance myth in relation to —136;
Archaeology, the Rabbis, & Early Christianity
of  —138

Micah:
Messianic prophecy of —213

Middle Roman Period:
—157,
160,
177,
179,
180,
181,
183,
193,
194,
195,
198,
199,
200,
201; silos dated to —66

Mikve:
wine-collecting basins in relation to   —196

Milik, J. T.:
—184; kokh tombs in relation to   —161

Minim
:
—103,  267; Hapizzez settlement in relation to — 278

Misdating:
by Bagatti and others —79

Mishamar Haemek:
  —116; lamps of —116

Mishna:
—225; redaction of at Sepphoris —148; rulings concerning tombs and burials —109; burial rules of 162;
on minimum distance of habitations from tombs; size of ancient village in relation to —225; begun at Jamnia and finished in Galilee —267

Modus operandi
:
of Fr. Clemens Kopp  66,
73, 108; of Bagatti  128, 175 

Monogram:
Constantinian Chi-Rho —252

Mosaics:
—255,
256,
258; of 5th century —255

Mount of Olives:
lamp nozzle found near —114

Mount of the Leap:
Jebel Qafza in relation to —25; Jebel Qafza as  —202

Mousterian culture:
—25; at Jebel Qafza —23

Mt. Tabor:
—46

N

Nabatea:
Aretas as king of —155

Nabonidus:
—62

Nahal Mishmar:
—28; metal objects found at —28

Naphtali:
—60

Naram-Sin of Akkad:
invasion of Syria by —31

Nathaniel’s question:
“Can anything good come from Nazareth?”; Strobel’s misinterpretation of —287

Nazara:
and Nazareth  70 CE–337 CE (Chapter 6) —263; as field of activity of John the Baptist —307; discussion of name —300; in
Gospel of Philip
, abstract meaning of —299; in Q Document —301

Nazarene:
abstract meaning in
Gospel of Philip
—299

Nazarenes:
try to throw Jesus off a cliff —25

Nazarêne
:
Nazareth in relation to —291

Nazaret:
as interpolation in Mark —300

Nazareth:
incipience of in the gospels —xvi; invention of —xvi; mystery surrounding —xi; non-existence at time of Jesus, implications of —xii; related to unknown prophecy —xii; abandonment of in late VIII BCE —49; absence of kilns and potter’s wheels at —40; Bronze Age finds from —36; Bronze Age history in relation to —40; Bronze Age Japhia in relation to —53; chronology of —53; chronology of Bronz and Iron Age artefacts from (Illus. 1.5) —35; earliest artefacts from, Bagatti on —33; Iron Age settlement in relation to —44; Megiddo dominance in relation to —30; photograph of from SE —26; pottery of, Bagatti on Megiddo and —30; tombs at —39,
41; Bronze-Iron Age tombs at —64; Henri Leclercq on —64; location of ancient village, Kopp theory on  —66; negative judgment of in Gospel of John —81; not mentioned in Jewish scripture —64; alleged Hellenistic evidence from, chart of (
Illus
. 3.6) —135; Hellenistic renaissaisance myth in relation to —97, 136; lamp nozzle found at  —114; literature on, first Hellenistic reference in —106; pre-Christian history of —112; earliest datable evidence of (
Illus
. 4.5) —206; earliest evidence from —164; earliest tomb at —157; earliest tombs dated latter half 1st century CE —160; established after First Jewish Revolt —156; movable finds at, major sources of information on —181; settled after First Jewish Revolt —173; guidebooks to —238; location and size of ancient village — 211; site of ancient village, Bagatti on —221; size of ancient village, Mishna tomb regulations in relation to —225; unknown in
Protevangelium
—212; and Nazara 70 CE–337 CE (Chapter 6) —263; Epiphanius on Count Joseph of Tiberias in relation to —283; ha-Notsri in relation to —291; Hapizzez settle in —269; in Ante-Nicene literature —294; in gospels, chronology of knowledge of (chart) —305; in pagan and Jewish sources —291;
Nazarêne
in relation to —291; not mentioned in Jewish literature —291; not really in Gospel of Mark —299; Origen spells 3 different ways —297; outside the gospels —291; Roman-Byzantine; movable finds from —271; independent dating of lamps and pottery of (Appendix 5) —325; pottery and movable artefacts from (Appendix 6) —328; timeline from
c
. 135 CE —331; tombs of, cross-references for Bagatti & Kopp (Appendix 4) —323