Read The Perfect Machine Online
Authors: Ronald Florence
considered for joint observatories directorship, 359-360, 361
and final trials and adjustments, 387, 391, 394-395
first official image exposed by, 395, 407
heart attack of, 406
at Monastery dinners, 64n
at Mount Wilson Observatory, 61-63, 64n, 65, 67-69, 96, 101, 110, 144, 148-149, 150, 158, 217, 219, 335
Palomar observing time of, 362, 406
Palomar project and, 92, 108, 125, 185, 213, 258, 334, 359, 380
suggested as astronomical director, 329
in World War II, 35 t
Hubble Space Telescope, 129n, 352, 416
Humason, Milton, 67-69, 96, 107, 108, 144, 149, 158, 185, 213, 258, 281, 302, 303, 306, 309, 322, 334, 413
Humphreys, W. S., 109
Hussey, J. W., 37, 209, 401
Ingalls, Albert, 93, 94, 225
Institute of Advanced Studies, 161
insurance, 248, 373, 412n
International Astronomical Union, 404
International Education Board (IEB), 71-88, 89, 91, 92, 105, 110, 114, 132, 158, 208, 259, 276
Irwin, E. M., 316
Iser, G. W., 155
island universes debate, 4, 20-23, 61, 62-63, 383
James, Alice, 4611
James, Henry, 45, 46n
James, William, 45, 46n
Jeans, Jarnes, 4, 166
Jensen (sculptor), 314
Jewett, Frank, 347
Johnson, Jack, 60
Johnson, Mel, 269-270, 363, 368, 375, 395-396, 397, 398
Johnston, Margaret, 123
Johnston, Thomas J., 103
Jones, Samuel R., t 24
Jones and Lampson Machine Company, 94
Journal of Astrophysics, 59
Kapteyn, J. C., 16
Karat, EI, vii
Karoloff, Hans, 392n
Keck Observatory, 129n, 415
Keeler, James E., 20, 34
Kenwood Observatory, 30, 35
Kepler, Johannes, 13
Keppel, Frederick, 87, 336
Kimple, Johnny, 294
Kincaid, Father, 202
Kitt Peak telescope, 414
Krick, Irving, 373
Kroon, Rein, 263-268, 287, 289, 290, 291, 297, 312, 328, 347
Ladley, William, 290-291
Laplace, Marquis Pierre Simon de, 66
Las Campanas observatory, 135n, 417-418
Laughton, Charles, 393
Lauritsen, Charles, 152n
Lawrence, Ernest, t 13, 274, 296, 366, 385
Lawrence, T. E. (of Arabia), 197
Lawrence, William L., 225
Leavitt, Henrietta Swan, 14, 15, 16, 17, 105
Lernaatre, George, 69
Lesseps, Ferdinand de, 41
Lewis, Sinclair, 8, 101
Lick, James, 27
Lick Observatory, 2, 4, 34, 152, 158, 191, 309, 383, 389, 414
Crossley reflector of, 19-20, 34, 383
Hale’s visit to, 29-30
120-inch disk and grinding machine sold to, 414
origin of, 27-29
Life, 380
Lillie, Howard, 172
Lindbergh, Charles, t97, 220, 333, 343
Littleton, George, 175, 204
Llewellyn Iron Works, 125
Lloyds of London, 248
London Daily Telegraph, 103
Lorentz, H. A., 46
Los Angeles, Calif.:
economy of, 2-3
growth of, 106, 401
railroads and, 1-2
Los Angeles TImes, 101, 102, 252
Lowell, Percival, 4, 43-44, 66
Lowell Observatory, 21, 66
Lundmark, Knut, 67
McBride, Dr., 45, 48
McCauley (Price), Anne, 176, 393-394
McCauley, George, 165-184, 188-195, 199-207, 209, 220-226, 232-241, 244-246, 248, 272, 276, 297, 328, 340-341, 414, 415
background of, 137
California trips of, 241, 243, 244, 273-274, 275, 393-394
Corning flood and, 234-237
at dedication, 393-394
disk shipment and, 250, 253
early Pyrex experiment of, 138-140
failed two-hundred-inch disk and, 199-207, 209, 220-223
Hostetter resented by, 221, 240-241, 272-273
at New York meeting, 167-168
120-inch disk produced by, 190-195
scars on second two-hundred-inch disk discovered by, 238-239, 240-241, 272
solubility problem hidden by, 188-189
successful two-hundred-inch disk and, 223-226, 232-241, 244-246, 248
two-hundred-inch disk fractures and, 277-283, 298
vacation of, 274-275
Woodbury’s book and, 329, 330
McCauley, George, Jr., 176, 202
McCauley, James, 176, 202, 234
McCauley, Mrs. George, 202
McClellan, Bill, 372n
Macdonald, Dwight, 179
McDonald Observatory, 91, 223, 309, 412n
McDowell, Clyde S. “Sandy,” 244, 248, 257, 261, 264, 275, 276, 288, 295, 298, 315, 336
background of, 227
builder sought by, 262, 286
drive and control system and, 310-311, 320, 328-329
hiring of, 227-228
mounting construction and, 262, 263, 286, 287, 288, 315
mounting design and, 262, 264, 285, 312
participants’ dislike of style of, 295-297, 328-332, 357
project style transformed by, 227-230, 265, 291-292
removed from project, 331-332
scale model favored by, 285
welded construction favored by, 262
Westinghouse work and, 287, 288, 315
McDowell, Mrs. Clyde S., 255
McKim, Charles, 87
McManus (GE executive), 147
McMath, Robert, 173n, 309-310, 313
McMath-Hulbert Observatory, 173n
McPherson, Aimee Semple, 114
Maltby, George, 203, 240
Manhattan Project, 357, 358-359, 366, 386
M. Mantois, 31
Mare Island shipyard, 262-263, 264
Markel, Lester, 64
Mars, 4, 43-44, 66, 380, 381
Marshall, Bill, 377
Marshall, Harley, 257, 352, 377
Marshall, Mary, 257, 377
Martel, Romeo, 124, 178, 214, 215, 261, 293, 295
Marvin, Charles, 109
Mason, Max, 85, 111, 179-180, 217-218, 229, 275, 291, 306, 310, 336, 366, 368, 369, 381, 387, 393
appointed Observatory Council
vice chairman, 276, 296
background of, 153
budget problems and, 350, 364, 379, 385, 387, 388
and Carnegie endowment of Palo-
mar, 336, 338-339, 340
Corning Pyrex disk manufacturing
and, 177, 179, 198, 202, 225, 244
disk fractures and, 278, 281, 298
GE disks and, 153, 158, 161, 162, 163, 167
Hale’s trust of, 153-154
McDowell fired by, 331-332
Mclfowell recommended by, 227
McDowell’s style and, 296, 328, 329, 331-332
Schmidt wide-field telescope and, 282, 341
Woodbury’s book and, 331
in World War 11, 347, 348, 351, 352, 363
Mayall, Nicholas, 60
media and publicity, 100-103, 179, 217-219, 268, 359, 380-381
Corning and, 168-169, 181, 196-205, 208, 223-225, 236, 239-240, 244-247, 249, 250
and final trials and adjustments, 387, 392, 394
GE and, 142, 147, 162, 166-167, 168-169
mirror move and, 373, 374, 376, 378, 380
Westinghouse and, 284, 287-288, 290, 292, 314, 319
Mellon, Andrew, 102, 179
Mencken, H. L., 96, 104, 142, 359
Mendenhall, George, 210, 211, 230
Merriam, John C., 75-76, 78, 80, 83-88, 150, 151, 208, 217-219, 276, 335-336
Michelson, Albert, 30, 148, 178, 179
Michigan, University of, 139, 158, 165
Corning disk order of, 191, 223, 233, 237, 280
Millikan, Robert, 59, 92, t 13, 148, 150, 152, 159-160, 161, 274, 275-276, 314, 361, 391, 393
and Carnegie endowment of Palomar, 336, 337, 338, 339
disk manufacturing and, 157, 163, 165, 298
joint observatories directorship and, 358, 359, 360
Palomar grant and, 79, 80, 84, 88
Shapley’s attack on, 104-105
in World War II, 348, 349
Minkowski, Rudolph, 353-354, 404-405
rnirror, Palomar two-hundred-inch:
astigmatism in, 325-327, 341, 386, 398, 412
center plug for, 300
coating and recoating of, 328, 381-386, 398, 413
design team for, 179-180, 276
disk for, see Corning Glass Works; General Electric
Ellis’s doubts GE work on, 134-135
final trials and adjustments of, 386-392, 394-398
fractures and checks in, 274, 277-283, 298-299, 325, 412
grinding of, 99, 116, 128, 133, 154, 155, 187, 269-272, 274, 277-283, 298-302, 323
installation of, 386
insurance of, 248, 373
materials considered for, 64-65, 74, 77, 80, 97-100, 111, 120-121
move of, to Palomar, 373-379
optical tests on, 323, 324-325, 344-346, 350, 365, 367, 390
optics and design of, 122-123, 129-130, 134-136, 179-180, 214
planning for, 95-100
polishing completed on, 367-369
polishing of, 99, 116, 155, 242-243, 323-325, 341, 344-346, 350, 351, 352, 365-369, 395-398
ribbed back for, 119-120, 135-136, 168, t 70, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 185
scars on disk for, 238-239, 240-241, 272
shipment of, to California, 247-254, 269
support system for, 239, 300-301, 326-327, 367, 386, 390-391, 392, 394, 412
work resumed on, after war, 365
mirrors, Palomar auxiliary, 126, 127, 134, 142, 182, 186, 187, 226, 320, 340, 369
Mobil, 318-319
Mochel, Norman, 287
Morey, George, 172
Morris Dam, 352, 364
Mosgrove, Alicia, 38
Mount Hamilton, see Lick Observatory
mounting, Palomar telescope, 226-227, 262-263, 281, 284-291, 314-315, 341-342, 346, 364, 366
assembly of, 316-319, 322, 370
bearings in, 216-217, 261-267, 312, 318-319, 371, 390
builders sought for, 226-227, 262-263, 286
carbon steel used for, 289
considerations in design of, 185-188
design of, 65, 120, 121, 123-125, 135, 136, 141, 143, 157, 185-188, 208, 212-217, 239, 261-268, 285, 308-312, 318-322, 328-329, 346, 370, 416
drive and control system of, 265, 266, 308-312, 319-322, 328-329, 341-342, 346, 364, 366, 370, 371, 386
fabrication of, 226-227, 262-263, 281, 284-291, 314-315, 341-342, 346, 364, 366
focus switching in, 186, 187, 320, 408
horseshoe design of, 212-214, 266-268, 289-290
Kroon’s design solutions for, 264-268
models in design of, 285
observation positions in, 187-188, 319, 389, 405, 407, 410
phantom telescope in, 321, 411
tubes in, 290-291
welded construction accepted for, 262
Westinghouse estimate for, 281
Westinghouse work on, 284-291, 297, 314-315, 346
Mount Palomar, see Palomar
Mount Wilson Contributions, 17
Mount Wilson Institute, 418
Mount Wilson Observatory, 2, 4, 13, 36-40, 75-76, 90, 99, 178, 304, 305, 335-340, 400, 401
adaptive optics at, 415-416
Caltech’s tense relations with, 150-151, 217-219, 335-340, 418
and Carnegie endowment of Palomar, 335-340, 358
Carnegie’s visit to, 44-45
completion of, 15
construction of, 37-39
drive and control system at, 309
electricity at, 316
embezzlement at, 218
first light at, 39
joint observatories system and, 358-361, 418
light pollution at, 106-107
Mars research and, 43-44
mothballing of, 418
observation procedures at, 68
observatory building at, 293, 322
one-hundred-inch project at, see Hooker telescope
Palomar grant and, 82, 83-88, 89
Palomar mirrors and, 125, 128, 132, 147
Palomar project administration and, 92, 112, 120, 217
Santa Barbara Street optics laboratory of, 38, 154, 242, 243, 257, 260, 335, 341, 389
seeing at, 53, 61, 106
Shapley appointed to, 5, 16
site selection and, 209
sixty-inch telescope project at, 37-39, 45--46
Solar Union meeting at, 46