Read The Portable Dante Online
Authors: Dante Alighieri
78. Before the construction of the Tower of Babel all men spoke a common language.
99. The Titan Briareus, son of Uranus and Gaea (Earth), joined the rebellion against the Olympian deities.
No earthquake of the most outrageous force ever shook a tower with such violence as, suddenly, Ephialtes shook himself. | 108 |
I never feared to die as much as then, and my fear might have been enough to kill me, if I had not already seen those chains. | 111 |
We left him and continued moving on and came to where Antaeus stood, extending from the well a good five ells up to his head. | 114 |
“O you who in the celebrated valley (that saw Scipio become the heir of glory, when Hannibal with all his men retreated) | 117 |
once captured a thousand lions as your quarry (and with whose aid, had you chosen to take part in the great war with your brothers, the sons of earth | 120 |
would, as many still think, have been the victors), do not disdain this modest wish: take us, and put us down where ice locks in Cocytus. | 123 |
Don’t make us go to Tityus or Typhon; this man can give you what all long for here, and so bend down, and do not scowl at us. | 126 |
He still can spread your legend in the world, for he yet lives, and long life lies before him, unless Grace summons him before his time. ” | 129 |
Thus spoke my master, and the giant in haste stretched out the hands whose formidable grip great Hercules once felt, and took my guide. | 132 |
And Virgil, when he felt the grasping hands, called out: “Now come and I’ll take hold of you. ” Clasped together, we made a single burden. | 135 |
124. Tityus and Typhon were members of the race of Titans.
As the Garisenda looks from underneath its leaning side, at the moment when a cloud comes drifting over against the tower’s slant, | 138 |
just so the bending giant Antaeus seemed as I looked up, expecting him to topple. I wished then I had gone another way. | 141 |
But he, most carefully, handed us down to the pit that swallows Lucifer with Judas. And then, the leaning giant immediately | 144 |
drew himself up as tall as a ship’s mast. |
T
HEY DESCEND FARTHER
down into the darkness of the immense plain of ice in which shades of Traitors are frozen. In the outer region of the ice-lake, Caïna, are those who betrayed their kin in murder; among them, locked in a frozen embrace, are Napoleone and Alessandro of Mangona, and others are Mordred, Focaccia, Sassol Mascheroni, and Camicion de’pazzi. Then the two travelers enter the area of ice called Antenora, and suddenly the Pilgrim kicks one of the faces sticking out of the ice. He tries to force the sinner to reveal his name by pulling out his hair, and when another shade identifies him as Bocca degli Abati, the Pilgrim’s fury mounts still higher. Bocca, himself furious, names several other sinners in Antenora, including Buoso da Durea, Tesauro dei Beccheria, Gianni de’ Soldanier, Ganelon, and Tibbald. Going far- ther on, the Pilgrim sees two heads frozen in one hole, the mouth of one gnawing at the brain of the other.
136-138. Of the two leaning towers in Bologna, the Garisenda, built ca. 1110, is the shorter. The passage of a cloud “against the tower’s slant” (138) would make the tower appear to be falling.
If I had words grating and crude enough that really could describe this horrid hole supporting the converging weight of Hell, | 3 |
I could squeeze out the juice of my memories to the last drop. But I don’t have these words, and so I am reluctant to begin. | 6 |
To talk about the bottom of the universe the way it truly is, is no child’s play, no task for tongues that gurgle baby-talk. | 9 |
But may those heavenly ladies aid my verse who aided Amphion to wall-in Thebes, that my words may tell exactly what I saw. | 12 |
O misbegotten rabble of all rabble, who crowd this realm, hard even to describe, it were better you had lived as sheep or goats! | 15 |
When we reached a point of darkness in the well below the giant’s feet, farther down the slope, and I was gazing still at the high wall, | 18 |
I heard somebody say: “Watch where you step! Be careful that you do not kick the heads of this brotherhood of miserable souls. ” | 21 |
At that I turned around and saw before me a lake of ice stretching beneath my feet, more like a sheet of glass than frozen water. | 24 |
In the depths of Austria’s wintertime, the Danube never in all its course showed ice so thick, nor did the Don beneath its frigid sky, | 27 |
as this crust here; for if Mount Tambernic or Pietrapana would crash down upon it, not even at its edges would a crack creak. | 30 |
The way the frogs (in the season when the harvest will often haunt the dreams of the peasant girl) sit croaking with their muzzles out of water, | 33 |
so these frigid, livid shades were stuck in ice up to where a person’s shame appears; their teeth clicked notes like storks’ beaks snapping shut. | 36 |
And each one kept his face bowed toward the ice: the mouth bore testimony to the cold, the eyes, to sadness welling in the heart. | 39 |
I gazed around awhile and then looked down, and by my feet I saw two figures clasped so tight that one’s hair could have been the other’s. | 42 |
“Tell me, you two, pressing your chests together, ” I asked them, “who are you?” Both stretched their necks and when they had their faces raised toward me, | 45 |
their eyes, which had before been only glazed, dripped tears down to their lips, and the cold froze the tears between them, locking the pair more tightly. | 48 |
Wood to wood with iron was never clamped so firm! And the two of them like billy-goats were butting at each other, mad with anger. | 51 |
Another one with both ears frozen off, and head still bowed over his icy mirror, cried out: “What makes you look at us so hard? | 54 |
If you’re interested to know who these two are: the valley where Bisenzio’s waters flow belonged to them and to their father, Albert; | 57 |
the same womb bore them both, and if you scour all of Caïna, you will not turn up one who’s more deserving of this frozen aspic— | 60 |
55-58. The two brothers were Napoleone and Alessandro, sons of Count Alberto of Mangona, who owned part of the valley of the Bisenzio near Florence. The two quarreled often and eventually killed each other in a fight concerning their inheritance.
59
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The icy ring of Cocytus is named Caïna after Cain, who slew his brother Abel. Thus, in the first division of this, the Ninth Circle, are punished those treacherous shades who murderously violated family bonds.
not him who had his breast and shadow pierced with one thrust of the lance from Arthur’s hand; not Focaccia; not even this one here, | 63 |
whose head gets in my way and blocks my view, known in the world as Sassol Mascheroni, and if you’re Tuscan you must know who he was. | 66 |
To save me from your asking for more news: I was Camicion de’ Pazzi, and I await Carlin, whose guilt will make my own seem less. ” | 69 |
Farther on I saw a thousand doglike faces, purple from the cold. That’s why I shudder, and always will, when I see a frozen pond. | 72 |
While we were getting closer to the center of the universe, where all weights must converge, and I was shivering in the eternal chill— | 75 |
by fate or chance or willfully perhaps, I do not know—but stepping among the heads, my foot kicked hard against one of those faces. | 78 |
Weeping, he screamed: “Why are you kicking me? You have not come to take revenge on me for Montaperti, have you? Why bother me?” | 81 |
61-62. Mordred, the wicked nephew of King Arthur, tried to kill the king and take his kingdom. But Arthur pierced him with such a mighty blow that when the lance was pulled from the dying traitor a ray of sunlight traversed his body and interrupted Mordred’s shadow. The story is told in the Old French romance
Lancelot du Lac,
the book that Francesca claims led her astray with Paolo in Canto V, 127.
63. Focaccia was one of the Cancellieri family of Pistoia and a member of the White party. His treacherous murder of his cousin, Detto de’ Cancellieri (a Black), was possibly the act that led to the Florentine intervention in Pistoian affairs.
65. The early commentators say that Sassol Mascheroni was a member of the Toschi family in Florence who murdered his nephew in order to gain his inheritance.
68-69. Nothing is known of Camicion de’ Pazzi except that he murdered one Umbertino, a relative. Another of Camicion’s kin, Carlino de’ Pazzi (69) from Valdarno, was still alive when the Pilgrim’s conversation with Camicion was taking place. But Camicion already knew that Carlino, in July 1302, would accept a bribe to surrender the castle of Piantravigne to the Blacks of Florence.
And I: “My master, please wait here for me, let me clear up a doubt concerning this one, then I shall be as rapid as you wish. ” | 84 |
My leader stopped, and to that wretch, who still had not let up in his barrage of curses, I said: “Who are you, insulting other people?” | 87 |
“And you, who are | 90 |
“I am a living man, ” was my reply, “and it might serve you well, if you seek fame, for me to put your name down in my notes. ” | 93 |
And he said: “That’s the last thing I would want! That’s not the way to flatter in these lowlands! Stop pestering me like this—get out of here!” | 96 |
At that I grabbed him by his hair in back and said: “You’d better tell me who you are or else I’ll not leave one hair on your head. ” | 99 |
And he to me: “Go on and strip me bald and pound and stamp my head a thousand times, you’ll never hear my name or see my face. ” | 102 |
I had my fingers twisted in his hair and already I’d pulled out more than one fistful, while he yelped like a cur with eyes shut tight, | 105 |
when someone else yelled: “What’s the matter, Bocca? It’s bad enough to hear your shivering teeth; now you bark! What the devil’s wrong with you?” | 108 |
88. Dante and Virgil have passed into the second division of Cocytus, named Antenora after the Trojan warrior who, according to one legend, betrayed his city to the Greeks. In this round are tormented those who committed acts of treachery against country, city, or political party.
106. Bocca degli Abati was a Ghibelline who appeared to side with the Florentine Guelphs. However, while fighting on the side of the Guelphs at the battle of Montaperti in 1260, he is said to have cut off the hand of the standard bearer. The disappearance of he standard led to panic among the Florentine Guelphs, who were then decisively defeated by the Sienese Ghibellines and their German allies under Manfred.
“There’s no need now for you to speak, ” I said, “you vicious traitor! Now I know your name and I’ll bring back the shameful truth about you. ” | 111 |
“Go away!” he answered. “Tell them what you want; but if you do get out of here, be sure you also tell about that blabbermouth, | 114 |
who’s paying here what the French silver cost him: ’I saw, ’ you can tell the world, ‘the one from Duera stuck in with all the sinners keeping cool. ’ | 117 |
And if you should be asked: ‘Who else was there?’ Right by your side is the one from Beccheria whose head was chopped off by the Florentines. | 120 |
As for Gianni Soldanier, I think you’ll find him farther along with Ganelon and Tibbald, who opened up Faenza while it slept. ” | 123 |
Soon after leaving him I saw two souls frozen together in a single hole, so that one head used the other for a cap. | 126 |
As a man with hungry teeth tears into bread, the soul with capping head had sunk his teeth into the other’s neck, just beneath the skull. | 129 |
116-117. The “one from Duera” is Buoso da Duera, a chief of the Ghibelline party of Cremona, who was a well-known traitor.
119-120. The “one from Beccheria” is Tesauro dei Beccheria of Pavia, an abbot of Vallombrosa and a papal legate to Alexander IV in Tuscany. He was tortured and finally beheaded in 1258 by the Guelphs of Florence for carrying on secret intercourse with Ghibellines who had been exiled.
121. Gianni de’ Soldanier was an important Ghibelline of Florence who, when the Florentines (mostly Guelph) began to chafe under Ghibelline rule, deserted his party and went over to the Guelphs.
122-123. Ganelon was the treacherous knight who betrayed Roland (and the rear guard of Charlemagne’s army) to the Saracens.
Tibbald was one of the Zambrasi family of Faenza. In order to avenge himself on the Ghibelline Lambertazzi family (who had been exiled from Bologna in 1274 and had taken refuge in Faenza) he opened his city to their Bolognese Guelph enemies on the morning of November 13, 1280.