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Authors: Dante Alighieri

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130. The waters of the first miraculous stream (Lethe) “erase sin’s memory” (128), while those of the second (and same) stream (Eunoe) restore “the memory of good deeds” (129).

As she said this, I quickly turned around to my two poets: I saw, still lingering, the smile her final words brought to their lips.

147

Then I turned back to face her loveliness.

CANTO XXIX

W
HEN THE LADY
has finished speaking, she sings and begins to walk upstream, the Pilgrim keeping pace with her on the opposite bank. They have not gone far when the lady stops and instructs the Pilgrim to be attentive. A burst of incandescence lights up the air, and the Pilgrim sees the approach of the heavenly pageant. It is led by seven golden candlesticks, which emit a stream of multicolored light that extends over the procession that follows them. Next come twenty-four elders, two by two, and behind them, four creatures. Within a square determined by the positions of these four comes a chariot drawn by a griffin. To the right of the chariot are three ladies, one red, one white, and one green; to the left are for ladies clad in purple. Behind them come two aged men, then four more men of humble aspect, and finally one old man alone. When the chariot has reached a point directly opposite the Pilgrim, a thunderclap resounds, bringing the entire procession to a sudden halt.

Then, like a lady moved by love, she sang (her revelations now come to an end):
Beati quorum tecta sunt peccata!

3

And like those nymphs that used to stroll alone through shaded woodlands, one seeking the sun, another trying to avoid its light,

6

3. Matelda is quoting an abbreviated version of Psalm 32:1: “Happy are they whose faults are taken away, whose sins are covered. ”

so she began to walk along the bank, moving upstream, and I kept pace with her, matching on my side her small, graceful steps.

9

Not a hundred steps between us had we gone, when the two river banks curved perfectly parallel—and I faced the east again;

12

when we had gone a little farther on, the lady stopped and, turning to me, said: “My brother, look and listen. ” Suddenly,

15

a burst of incandescence cut the air, with one quick flash it lit up all the woods— at first I thought it was a lightning flash.

18

But lightning goes as quickly as it comes; what I saw stayed, its radiance increased. “What can this be?” I thought, and as I did,

21

a gentle melody was drifting through the luminous atmosphere. Then righteous zeal made me curse the presumptuousness of Eve:

24

to think that, while all earth and Heaven obeyed His will, a single woman, newly made, would dare strip off the veil imposed by Him!

27

Had she remained submissive to His will, I could on these ineffable delights have feasted sooner and for much more time.

30

As I was moving in a blissful trance among these first fruits of eternal joy, yearning for still more happiness to come,

33

the air, beneath green boughs, became transformed before our eyes into a blazing light, and the sweet sound had now become a chant.

36

Most holy Virgins, if because of you hunger or cold or vigils I endured, allow me now to ask for my reward:

39

let Helicon pour forth its streams for me, and let Urania help me with her choir to put in verse things difficult to grasp.

42

A little farther on, I saw what seemed to be seven trees of gold—a false effect caused by the distance separating us;

45

but when I had come close enough to them that distance could no longer hide detail, and what had tricked my senses now was clear,

48

that power which feeds the process of our thought identified the shapes as candlesticks and heard the word
Hosanna
in the chant.

51

Above the splendid gold—a brilliant light, brighter than moonlight in a cloudless sky at midnight shining in her bright mid-month!

54

Full of bewilderment, I turned around to my good Virgil. His answer was a glance charged with no less amazement than I felt.

57

Then I turned back to gaze at those high things moving toward us as though they did not move— more slowly than a modest, newmade bride.

60

The lady cried: “Why are you so intent on looking only at those living lights? Have you no wish to see what comes behind?”

63

Then I saw people following the glow, as if they were attendants; all were clothed in garments supernaturally white.

66

The waters on my left received the light, and when I looked into this shining glass, my left side was reflected clearly there.

69

When I had reached the point along my bank where only water separated us, I stopped to watch the scene more carefully:

72

I saw the slender flames as they advanced, leaving the air behind them color-streaked— so many streaming pennants overhead!

75

And thus the sky became a painted flow of seven bands of light, all the same shades as Delia’s cincture or Apollo’s bow.

78

These bands extended farther back than eyes could see and, all together, I would say, they measured, side by side, a good ten strides.

81

And under that magnificence of Heaven came four-and-twenty elders, two by two, all of them wearing crowns of fleur-de-lis.

84

They sang as they moved on:
“Benedicta
thou of all of Adam’s daughters, blessed be thy beauty throughout all eternity!”

87

When once the group of God’s elect had passed (the flowers and the tender grass that grew along the other bank once more in view),

90

as groups of stars will replace other stars high in the heavens, following them there came four creatures wearing crowns of forest green.

93

Each had six wings with feathers that were all covered with eyes; were Argus still alive, his eyes would be exactly like all those.

96

Reader, I cannot spend more verses now describing them, for I have other needs constraining me—here I must spare my words;

99

84. The fleur-de-lis garlands of the elders represent the lily of purity, which accords with the supernatural whiteness of their garments (66).

85. It is to the Virgin that this blessing is offered, and it is most significant that it is uttered by the representatives of the Old Testament—a witness to the prophetic nature of those Scriptures. (See Luke 1:28.)

but you can read Ezekiel’s account: he saw them once approaching from the north borne on the wind, moving in cloud and fire,

102

and as he pictured them, so were they here, except that, in the matter of their wings, Saint John agrees with me and not with him.

105

The four of them were corners for a space filled by a triumphal two-wheeled chariot drawn by a griffin, harnessed to its neck.

108

He kept both wings raised high, and each one flanked the mid-banner between the three and three: so perfectly that neither one was cut.

111

His wings rose higher than my sight could rise; the parts of him that were a bird were gold and all the rest was white, with deep red marks.

114

An Africanus or Augustus never had such a splendid chariot from their Rome; indeed, that of the Sun could not compare—

117

that of the Sun which strayed and was destroyed at the devout petition of the Earth, when Jove in his mysterious way was just.

120

There were three ladies circling in a dance near the right wheel, and one was red, so red she hardly would be visible in fire;

123

the second looked as if her flesh and bones were fashioned out of emerald; the third had all the whiteness of new-fallen snow;

126

at times the white one led the dance, at times, the red, and from the song the red one sang the others took the tempo of their dance.

129

118. The reference is to Phaëton’s tragic attempt to drive the chariot of the sun, referred to earlier in
Purgatory
IV, 71-72, and in
Inferno
XVII, 107.

122. Of the three colors represented by the three ladies, red is the sign of Charity, green of Hope, and white of Faith.

Beside the left wheel, dancing festively, were four more ladies—dressed in purple robes and led by one with three eyes in her head.

132

Behind the dancing figures, three and four, there came two aged men, differently dressed, but similar in bearing, staid and grave.

135

One wore the garments of a follower of great Hippocrates, whom Nature made to heal those creatures that she loved the most;

138

the other seemed to be his counterpart: he bore a sword, so sharp, gleaming so bright, that I, though on the other bank, felt fear.

141

Then I saw coming four of humble mien, and, last of all, an old man, by himself, who moved in his own dream, his face inspired.

144

130-131. The left side is a lesser position than the right—which is to give more importance to the ladies dancing near the right wheel (121), representing the three theological virtues, than to these four ladies “dancing festively” to the left, who represent the four moral or cardinal virtues: Prudence, Temperance, Justice, and Fortitude. These natural virtues are essential to the happiness or blessedness of this life, for they are the ones that govern or regulate human conduct. And because they are the basis of imperial authority, without which there can be no Earthly Paradise, these four ladies are dressed in purple, the color of Empire.

132. The leading lady among the four cardinal virtues is Prudence, whose function is to apply the restraints of reason to all aspects of our earthly life. Her three eyes indicate her ability to see the past, present, and future.

136. The follower is Luke, the physician of the soul (see Col. 4:14, where he is described as “the beloved physician”), and author of Acts.

139-140. The old man with the sharp, gleaming sword represents the various Epistles of St. Paul.

142. The approaching four represent the minor Epistles of James, Peter, John, and Jude.

144. This line is a reminder of John’s vision, his dream of the Apocalypse and Second Coming, which inspired him to write Revelation—a book so different from the others of the New Testament that it is most fitting that this figure be presented as moving alone.

And these last seven, just like the group up front, were clad in white, except the wreaths that crowned their heads were not entwined with lily blooms,

147

but roses and other flowers that are red. Had I been farther off, I would have sworn a crown of flames encircled every head.

150

And when the chariot was opposite me, thunder was heard! The exalted creatures, then, as though forbidden to move on, stopped short,

153

as did the flaming ensigns at the front.

CANTO XXX

A
S THE PROCESSION
comes to a halt, the twenty-four elders turn to face the chariot. One of them sings, “Come, O bride, from Lebanon. ” One hundred singing angels appear in the sky overhead; they fill the air with a rain of flowers. Through the flowers, Beatrice appears. The Pilgrim turns to Virgil to confess his overpowering emotions, only to find that Virgil has disappeared! Beatrice speaks sternly to Dante, calling him by name and reprimanding him for having wasted his God-given talents, wandering from the path that leads to Truth. So hopeless, in fact, was his case, to such depths did he sink, that the journey to see the souls of the Damned in Hell was the only way left of setting him back on the road to salvation.

145-146. The last seven figures, who represent the New Testament, are dressed in garments the same color as those representing the Old Testament. But the wreaths the former wear are not white but red—the color of the first of the three theological virtues: Charity.

When the Septentrion of the First Heaven (which never sets nor rises nor has known any cloud other than the veil of sin),

3

which showed to everyone his duty there (just as our lower constellation guides the helmsman on his way to port on earth),

6

stopped short, that group of prophets of the truth who were between the griffin and those lights turned to the car as to their source of peace;

9

then, one of them, as sent from Heaven, sang
Veni, sponsa, de Libano,
three times, and all the other voices followed his.

12

As at the Final Summons all the blest will rise out of their graves, ready to raise new-bodied voices singing ‘Hallelujah!’

15

just so rose up above the heavenly cart a hundred spirits
ad vocem tanti senis,
eternal heralds, ministers of God,

18

all shouting:
Benedictus qui venis!
then, tossing a rain of flowers in the air,
Manibus, O, date lilia plenis!

21

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