The War of Wars (137 page)
Authors: Robert Harvey
Fouquier-Tinville, Antoine-Quentin
41
,
42
,
54
Foure, Pauline
310
Fourier, Jean-Baptiste
251
Fox, Charles James
93
,
94
,
107
,
112
,
116
,
118
,
358–9
,
381
,
429
,
468
,
493
,
502
,
575
Foy, General
739
France
advantages of war and expansionism
54–5
,
118
,
128
,
146
,
160
,
294
,
403
and conquest of Italy
73
,
121
,
161–74
,
175–9
constitution of 1799
343–4
constitution of 1814
863
constitution of 1815
871–2
coup d’etat (1797)
191
coup d’état (1799)
336–7
,
339–43
coup d’etat (attempted) (1795)
153–5
decadence of post-Robespierre
152
economic and social affairs
11
,
338
,
384–7
,
535–6
,
861–2
,
914–15
insurgency in
121–5
invades Switzerland
406
allies advance
849–50
allies debate wisdom of
842
Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube
853
Battle of Laon
851–2
Battle of Vauchamps
850
Battles of Mormant, Valjouan and Montreau
850
Napoleon dismisses allied peace proposals
850–1
Wellington enters France
755–6
,
841
monarchy
2
,
18
,
24
,
337
,
345
,
858–63
,
866
,
913
Peninsular War huge drain on
758–9
plebicite of 1799
344–5
plebicite of 1815
872
political instability of
915
referendum makes Napoleon Emperor
396
relations with Austria
2
,
31–3
,
109
,
159–60
,
186
,
187
,
294
,
402
,
403
,
441
,
504
,
530
,
622
,
623
Austria declares war on (1809)
657
,
662
Austria declares war on (1813)
831–3
Battles of Marengo and Hohenlinden
348–51
declares war on (1792)
32
renewed offensive in Germany and Italy (1800)
346–51
relations with Britain
2–3
,
10
,
33
,
402
attempts to divert British fleet
424
,
427–8
,
435
Britain declares war on (1803)
409–10
economic war
515–16
,
523–4
,
527
,
532–3
,
535–40
invasion of Ireland
172
,
188
,
427
,
434
over Italy
406
Peace of Amiens
375
plans invasion of
413–30
,
434
,
439–40
,
442
,
569
plans to unite fleets against
228
,
235
trade and colonial rivalry
141–5
relations with Portugal
534
,
538
,
583–4
relations with Prussia
140
,
402
,
403
,
502
,
504
,
527
,
528
,
657
at war with (1792)
31–4
Prussia declares war on (1806)
511
relations with Russia
294
,
333
,
402
,
403
,
409
,
503
,
516
,
537–8
,
622–3
,
657
invasion of Russia
763–825
Treaty of Tilsit
526–30
relations with Spain
36
,
46
,
121
,
353
,
430
,
495–7
,
515
,
582
relations with Turks
300
,
311–16
,
320
,
321
,
326–7
,
328
,
352
,
582
restoration of monarchy
858–63
,
867
revolution
see
French Revolution
Second Treaty of Paris (1815)
907
urban working class
11
Franceschi, General
721
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor (Francis I, Emperor of Austria from 1806)
133–4
,
137
,
145
,
346
,
349
,
431
,
481
,
483
,
485
,
492
,
656
,
672
,
675
,
821
,
868
,
871
,
922
abandons Vienna
484
death
912
dissolves Holy Roman Empire
492
humiliated at Pressburg
489–90
Napoleon on
680
and Napoleon’s marriage to Marie Louise
687
,
688–90
reaction to French Revolution
31
,
32
Franklin, Benjamin
9
Frederick I, Elector of Württemberg
490
Frederick the Great
3
,
31
,
474–5
,
512
,
824
,
919
Frederick, Prince of Denmark
367
Frederick Augustus I, King of Saxony
529
Frederick William III, Kaiser
31
,
129
,
133
,
137
,
485
,
490
,
512
,
514
,
817
,
824
,
871
death of
911
enters Paris
853–4
Napoleon on
923
and regeneration of Prussia
823–4
Fremantle, Captain George
445
,
458
French Revolution
9–82
end of revolutionary process
345
,
375–6
and idea of national expansion
54–5
impact of
4–5
malcontents
11–12
outbreak of
18–24
turns full circle
401–2
,
860–1
,
913
Friedland, Battle of
524–5
,
767
,
902
Fuentes de Onoro, Battle of
715–17
Gambier, Admiral Lord
209
,
534
,
612
,
634–9
,
641–2
,
643
,
646–53
,
729
Ganteaume, Admiral
292
,
293
,
428
,
434–5
,
437
Gardanne, General
523
Gardner, Lieutenant James
204
Garrau
175
Garrick, David
101
Gaston (royalist leader)
576
Gaza
327
Geneva
348
Genoa
59
,
79
,
80
,
161
,
172
,
186
,
333
,
347
,
856
George III, King
2
,
76
,
94
,
96
,
98
,
100
,
106
,
117
,
125
,
129
,
189
,
197
,
218
,
222
,
265
,
295
,
351
,
375
,
381
,
429
,
458
,
464
,
466
,
502–3
,
614
George IV, King (formerly Prince of Wales and Prince Regent)
265
,
381
,
458
,
460
,
573
,
578
,
860
,
863
,
905
,
908
,
909
George, Marguerite
685
German campaign (1813)
Battle of Dennewitz
837
Battle of Dresden
837
Battle of Katsbach
837
Battle of Leipzig
838–41
German states
33
,
34
,
109
,
121
,
346
,
431
,
441
,
492
,
508–9
,
527
,
656
,
663
,
829
,
838
Gerona
707
Ghent
137
Gibraltar
169
,
228
,
229
,
294
,
426
,
427
,
436
,
446
,
529
,
554
,
555
,
556
,
557
,
558
,
582
Girondins
24
,
25–6
,
27
,
32
,
36
,
39
,
40
,
47
,
124
Glorious First of June
211–18
,
228
,
234
,
235
Gneisenau, August von
824
,
836
,
849
,
852
,
880
,
882
,
886
,
902
,
911
Godoy, Manuel
3
,
496
,
582–3
,
584
,
585–6
,
656
,
658
,
760
Gohier, Louis
335–6
,
337
,
339
,
340
Goldsmith, Oliver
101
Goodwin, Captain Richard
218
Gordon, Jane, Duchess of
91
Grafton, Duke of
99
Graham, Sir Thomas
703
,
711
,
712
,
750
,
752
,
847
Grand Armée see
armies, French
Grand, Madame
190
Grassini, Giuseppina
864
Greece
653
Grenville, Lady Mary
860
Grenville, Lord William
92
,
119
,
172
,
189
,
346
,
407
,
422
,
461
,
464
,
531
character and background
93–4
,
95
,
381
,
501–2
coalition building
120–1
,
125
,
170
,
926
death
911
as foreign secretary
87
,
88
,
108
,
112
,
116
,
132
,
145
,
376
,
570–1
,
925
and Ministry of All Talents
429
,
493
,
499
,
502–3
,
527
,
533
,
574
,
575
,
612
,
859–60
Greville, Charles
860
Greville, Lady Charlotte
878
Grey, Sir Charles
143
,
209
,
493
,
574
Gribeauval, Jean-Baptiste de
181
Grinfield, General
432