The Wilderness Warrior: Theodore Roosevelt and the Crusade for America (150 page)

20.
“D. B. Henderson Dies; Was Ill Nine Months,”
New York Times
(February 26, 1906), p. 9.

21.
John Lacey, quoted in
Chicago Tribune
(June 18, 1905).

22.
Gifford Pinchot to William Steel, May 15, 1902 in Stephen R. Mark, “Crater Lake: Seventeen Years to Success.”

23.
U.S. Congress, House,
Congressional Record,
57th Cong. 1st Sess. (April 19, 1902), pp. 4450–4453. Also Steve Marks, “A National Park in the State of Oregon,”
Southern Oregon Today
(January 2001), Vol. 1, No. 1.

24.
“President Roosevelt on Citizens’ Duties,”
New York Times
(May 22, 1902).

25.
“Crater Lake National Park,”
New York Times
(November 16, 1902), p. 28.

26.
Runte,
National Parks
, p. 71. Also Conversation with Stephen R. Mark.

27.
“The Buffalo Woman,” Wind Cave National Park Archives, National Park Service, Wind Cave, S. Dak.

28.
“Birth of a National Park—The Winds of Wind Cave,” Wind Cave National Park Archives, National Park Service, Wind Cave, South Dakota. This online history was invaluable in writing the Wind Cave sections of this book.

29.
“Wind Cave Exploration,” Wind Cave National Park Archives, National Park Service, Wind Cave South Dakota.

30.
Freeman Tilden,
The National Parks
(New York: Knopf, 1979), p. 250.

31.
Alvin McDonald Diary (1891–1893), Wind Cave National Park Archive, Wind Cave, S. Dak. (Unpublished.)

32.
Gamble was a staunch supporter of T.R. See “Want Roosevelt Again,”
New York Times
(March 24, 1907), p. 1.

33.
“South Dakota Cave: Senator Gamble Wants to Preserve the Wonder in a Park”
New York Times
, (June 22, 1902), p. 23.

34.
Owen Wister,
The Virginian
(New York: Macmillan, 1902), p. 340.

35.
John G. Cawelti, “Introduction,” in Owen Wister,
The Virginian
(New York: Barnes and Noble, 2005), p. xxvii.

36.
Jack DeMattos,
Garrett and Roosevelt
(College Station, Texas: Creative Publishing Company, 1988).

37.
Owen Wister, “Rededication and Preface,” in
The Virginian
, (New York: Macmillan, 1911), pp. 285, 50, vii.

38.
R. Douglas Hurt, “Forestry on the Great Plains, 1902–1904,” Lecture for Kansas State University’s People, Prairies, and Plains, N.E.H. Summer Teachers’ Institute on Environmental History (July–August 1996).

39.
Carlos G. Bates and Roy G. Pierce, “Forestation of the Sand Hills of Nebraska and Kansas,”
USDA Forest Service Bulletin
Vol. 121 (1913), pp. 8–11; and Raymond J. Poole, “Fifty Years of the Nebraska National Forest,”
Nebraska History
, Vol. 34 (September 1953), p. 145.

40.
John Clark Hunt, “The Forest That Men Made”
American Forests
71 (December 1965), p. 32.

41.
“Wildlife Management in the Forest Service,” in
Celebrating a Century of Service: A Glance at the Agency’s History,
Bi-Weekly Postings, Issue 22, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Forest Service, International Programs Archives.

42.
R. Douglas Hurt, “Forestry on the Great Plains, 1902–1904.”

43.
T.R. to Gifford Pinchot (April 9, 1906), Library of Congress, Pinchot Papers (microfiche), Series 2, Vol. 62, Reel 341, p. 444.

44.
Quoted in
Outlook,
Vol. 109 (January 20, 1915).

45.
Polly Miller and Leon Miller,
Lost Heritage of Alaska: The Adventure and Art of the Alaskan Coastal Indians
(New York: Bonanza, 1967), pp. 243–252.

46.
David E. Conrad, “Creating the Nation’s Largest Forest Reserve: Roosevelt, Emmons, and the Tongass National Forest,”
Pacific Historical Review
, Vol. 46, No. 1 (February 1977), pp. 65–83.

47.
George T. Emmons, “The Woodlands of Alaska,” Tongass National Forest Archive, Ketchikan, Alas.

48.
Conrad, “Creating the Nation’s Largest Forest Reserve.”

49.
William N. Tilchin,
Theodore Roosevelt and the British Empire: A Study in Presidential Statecraft
(New York: St. Martin’s, 1977), pp. ix—xi.

50.
Conrad, “Creating the Nation’s Largest Forest Reserve,”
Pacific Historical Review,
pp. 65–82.

51.
Frederick Converse Beach and George Edwin Rines (eds.),
The Encyclopedia Americana,
Vol. F—H (New York: Scientific American Compiling Department, Frederick Converse Beach, 1904–1905), table listed under “Game Preserves.”

52.
“Message of the President,”
New

York Times
(December 3, 1902), p. 2.

18: P
AUL
K
ROEGEL AND THE
F
EATHER
W
ARS OF
F
LORIDA

1.
George Keyes, “Pelican Island,”
More Tales of Sebastian
(Vero Beach, Fla.: Sebastian River Area Historical Society, 1992). (Originally published in
Vero Beach Press Journal,
August 15, 1990). For number of species, see Frank J. Thomas,
Melbourne Beach and Indialantic
(Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia, 1999), p. 21. By the year 2000, owing to the negative ecological effects from the opening of the ocean inlets in the late 1940s, the Indian River Lagoon had become very brackish, causing a host of new environmental problems. The increased salinity of the lagoon, for example, killed off the oyster beds. Another problem has been pollution and pesticides being flushed into the Indian River from man-made canals.

2.
Arthur C. Bent,
Life Histories of North American Petrels and Pelicans and Their Allies
(Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1922, No. 121).

3.
Ibid.

4.
James Alexander Henshall,
Camping and Cruising in Florida
(Cincinnati, Ohio: Robert Clarke & Co., 1884), p. 57 and Robert R. Cointepoix, “Early Ornithologists,”
Tales of Sebastian
(Vero Beach, Fla.: Sebastian River Area Historical Society, 1990), p. 127.

5.
“The Stork Facts,”
Kingdom
(December 17, 2002).

6.
White Stork File
(Washington, D.C.: National Zoological Park, Smithsonian
Institution). See also J. A. Hancock, J. A. Kushlan, and M. P. Kahl,
Storks, Ibises, and Spoonbills of the World
(London: Academic, 1992).

7.
Benjamin Thorpe,
Northern Mythology
, English Edition, Vol. II (London: Edward Cumley, 1941), pp. 271–274.

8.
Jackie Wullschlager,
Hans Christian Andersen: The Life of a Storyteller
(New York: Knopf, 2001), p. 194.

9.
“The Kroegel Family Stories,” in
The Original Tales from Sebastian
(Sebastian, Fla.: Sebastian River Area Historical Society, 1992), pp. 45–48.

10.
Arline Westfahl and George Keyes,
One Person Can Make a Difference: A Story of Paul Kroegel and Pelican Island
(Vero Beach, Fla.: Sebastian River Area Historical Society, 2003).

11.
Wallace Stegner,
The American West as Living Space
(Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1987), p. v.

12.
Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge Archives, Vero Beach, Fla. More than thirty bird species used Pelican Island as a rookery, feeding ground, or loafing area. Among the most common besides brown pelicans were the wood stork, great egret, snowy egret, reddish egret, great blue heron, little blue heron, double-crested cormorant, anhinga, white ibis, American oystercatcher, and common moorhen.

13.
Thomas Gilbert Pearson,
Adventures in Bird Protection
(New York: Appleton-Century, 1937), p. 41.

14.
Ramona Vickers, “The Kroegel Family Story,” in
The Original Tales from Sebastian
(Vero Beach, Fla.: Sebastian River Area Historical Society, 1992), p. 45.

15.
Edmund Berkeley and Dorothy Smith Berkeley,
The Correspondence of John Bartram 1734–1777
(Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1992), p. 685.

16.
Author interview with Douglas Kroegel.

17.
Author interview with Janice Kroegel Timinsky (June 20, 2007), Sebastian, Fla.

18.
“Paul Kroegel (1864–1948),” U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Conservation Files, Pelican Island, Fla.

19.
Westfahl and Keyes,
One Person Can Make a Difference
, p. 6.

20.
Ted Williams, “The Second Century,”
Audubon
(June 2003), p. 73.

21.
George Laycock,
Wild Refuges
(Garden City, N.Y.: Natural History Press, 1969), pp. 12–20.

22.
Frank M. Chapman, “Introduction,” in
Adventures in Bird Protection
(New York: Appleton-Century, 1937), p. xiv.

23.
John Muir,
A Thousand Mile Walk to the Gulf
(Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1916), p. 101.

24.
Frank Chapman,
Autobiography of a Bird-Lover
(New York: Appleton-Century, 1933), pp. 45–46.

25.
Frank Chapman,
Bird Studies with a Camera
(New York: Appleton, 1900), p. 1.

26.
Ibid., p. 3.

27.
Ibid.

28.
Ibid., pp. 196–199.

29.
Ibid., p. 207.

30.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (content source), J. Emmett Duffy (topic ed.), “History of Pelican Island National Wild-life Refuge,” in Cutler J. Cleveland (ed.),
Encyclopedia of Earth
(Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment). (First published October 16, 2006; last revised January 31, 2007; retrieved September 13, 2007.)

31.
Robert E. Kohler,
All Creatures: Naturalists, Collectors, and Biodiversity 1850–1950
(Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2006), p. 170.

32.
Chapman,
Autobiography of a Bird-Lover
, pp. 88–90.

33.
Elizabeth S. Austin (ed.),
Frank M. Chapman in Florida: His Journals and Letters
(Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1967).

34.
Chapman quoted in Frank Graham, Jr., “Where Wildlife Rules,”
Audubon
(June 2003), p. 47.

35.
“History of Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge,”
Encyclopedia of Earth
(September 2007). Also special thanks to William Reffalt.

36.
William Reffalt, “A Prologue to Pelican Island” (February 2003). (Unpublished. Reffalt, the original author, is a retiree of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, a former chief of the Division of Refuges, and a current volunteer.)

37.
“History of Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge,”
Encyclopedia of Earth
(September 2007).

38.
T. S. Palmer, “In Memoriam: William Dutcher,”
The Auk: A Quarterly Journal of Ornithology
, Vol. 38 (October 1921).

39.
Ibid.

40.
Yearbook of the United States Department of Agriculture: 1903
(Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1904), p. 569.

41.
William Dutcher to Paul Kroegel (March 24, 1903), Personal Papers of Janice Kroegel Timinsky, Vero Beach, Fla.

42.
Author interview with Janice Kroegel Timinsky, May 15, 2007.

43.
Weona Cleveland, “Pelican Island Was First Wildlife Refuge,”
Evening Times
(June 7, 1978).

44.
William Dutcher to Paul Kroegel (April 28, 1902), Personal Papers of Janice Kroegel Timinsky, Vero Beach, Fla.

45.
Clara Barrus,
The Heart of Burroughs’s Journals
(Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 1928), p. 320.

46.
Author interview with Janice Kroegel Timinsky, May 15, 2007.

47.
William Reffalt, “Pelican Island, Florida—Chronology of Early Events and Pelican Nesting Data” (May 2006). (Unpublished.)

48.
McIver,
Death in the Everglades
, 147–169.

49.
Ibid.

50.
Charles W. Tebeau,
Man in the Everglades
(Coral Gables, Fla.: University of Miami Press, 1968).

51.
Stuart B. McIver,
Death in the Everglades: The Murder of Guy Bradley, America’s First Martyr to Environmentalism
(Gainesville: University of Florida, 2003), p. 136.

52.
Frank M. Chapman,
Camps and Cruises of an Ornithologist
(New York: Appleton, 1908), p. 136.

53.
Jack E. Davis,
An Everglades Providence
(Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2009), p. 189.

54.
T.R.,
A Book-Lover’s Holidays in the Open
(New York: Scribner, 1916), p. 286. 55. McIver,
Death in the Everglades
, p. 153.

56.
Michael Grunwald,
The Swamp
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006), pp. 1–80 and Frank Graham, Jr.,
The Audubon Ark: A History of the National Audubon Society
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1990), pp. 50–68.