The Woodvilles: The Wars of the Roses and England's Most Infamous Family (43 page)

53
   
Cornation of Richard III
, p. 17.

54
   
Crowland
, p. 159.

55
   
Harleian
433, vol. III, p. 190.

56
   
Harleian
433, vol. III, pp. 34–35.

57
   Sutton and Visser-Fuchs, ‘A “Most Benevolent Queen”’, p. 221.

58
   
Coronation of Richard III
, p. 19.

59
   
Stonor Letters
, vol. II, p. 159–60, no. 330.

60
   For this and the extract above see Hammond and Sutton,
Richard III: The Road to Bosworth Field
, pp. 103–04.

61
   John Leland, ‘Witchcraft and the Woodvilles’, pp. 281–87.

62
   Argentine, said by Mancini to be the last of the attendants employed to wait on Edward V, does not appear to have been regarded with any suspicion by Richard III; later, Argentine was employed by Henry VII as Prince Arthur’s physician. Nandyke, described in a 1483 Act of Attainder as Buckingham’s ‘necromancer’, was caught up in rebellion in 1484, as well as Buckingham’s rebellion of 1483. Caerteon, Margaret Beaufort’s physician, was also involved in Buckingham’s rebellion, as we shall see in Chapter 12. Rhodes, p. 13; Rawcliffe, ‘Inventory’, pp. 384–85.

63
   Horrox,
Study in Service
, pp. 113–16, offers a succinct discussion of the theories.

64
   More, 48–49.

65
   Vergil,
Three Books
, pp. 180–81.

66
   Pollard,
Richard III and the Princes in the Tower
, p. 99.

67
   More, pp. 48–49; Vergil,
Three Books
, pp. 180–81.

68
   The daughter of John Lambert, a London mercer, Elizabeth Shore – rechristened by the dramatist Thomas Heywood in 1599 as ‘Jane’ – succeeded in having her marriage to William Shore annulled on account of his impotence. Thomas More casts her as Edward IV’s mistress, while he and the
Great Chronicle of London
assign her to Hastings as well. Richard III allowed his solicitor, Thomas Lynom, to take her as his wife. Rosemary Horrox, ‘Shore, Elizabeth [Jane] (d. 1526/7?)’,
ODNB
, 2004.

69
   
CPR
, 1476–85, p. 371.

70
   
Stonor Letters
, vol. II, p. 161, no. 331.

71
   Mancini, p. 91; Hanham,
Richard III
, p. 179. Frustratingly, the
Great Chronicle
informs us that Dorset ‘escaped many wonderful dangers, whereof if I should tell all the circumstance, it would make a long book’.
Great Chronicle
, pp. 231–32.

72
   
Crowland
, p. 159; Mancini, p. 89. That the men were armed is confirmed by Simon Stallworth, who writes in a private letter that there were ‘great plenty of harnessed men’ at Westminster.

73
   
Stonor Letters
, vol. II, p. 161, no. 331.

74
   Mancini, p. 95; More, p. 67;
Crowland
, pp. 159–61.

75
   PROME, January 1484, item 1 [5].

76
   Helmholz, ‘The Sons of Edward IV’, pp. 111–13.

77
   This and other genealogical information is taken from Ashdown-Hill,
Eleanor
, pp. 19, 68, 88, 101.

78
   Commynes, p. 63.

79
   Ashdown-Hill,
Eleanor
, p. 209;
Letters and Papers, Henry VIII
, 16 December 1533, item 1528; 3 November 1534, item 1368.

80
   Cavill,
English Parliaments of Henry VII
, p. 30.

81
   
Crowland
, p. 161.

82
   Hampton, ‘Robert Stillington’, pp. 163–64.

83
   Ashdown-Hill,
Eleanor
, p. 92.

84
   Ashdown-Hill,
Eleanor
, p. 142.

85
   Ashdown-Hill,
Eleanor
, p. 171.

86
   Mancini, p. 69.

87
   Carson, pp. 72, 230–31; Ashdown-Hill,
Eleanor
, pp. 115, 156–57.

88
   
Crowland
, pp. 169–71.

89
   For what follows, see Helmholz,
Marriage Litigation
, pp. 26–31.

90
   
Coronation of Richard III
, pp. 24–25;
Crowland
, pp. 159–61; Mancini, p. 97.

91
   
Harleian
433, vol. III, p. 25; Pollard,
Worlds of Richard III
, p. 5.

92
   
Crowland
, p. 161; Rous,
Historia Regum Anglia
, pp. 213–14 (translated in Hanham,
Richard III and His Early Work
, 119–20).

93
   
Harleian
433, vol. III, p. 25; Pollard,
Worlds of Richard III
, p. 5.

94
   Crotch,
Prologues and Epilogues
, p. 39; Percy,
Reliques
, pp. 45–47; Ritson,
Ancient Songs and Ballads
, vol. II, pp. 3–5;
Chronicles of the White Rose of York
, p. 209.

  
1
   For what follows see
Coronation of Richard III
, pp. 35–38, 169.

  
2
   For what follows see Michael K. Jones and Malcolm G. Underwood, ‘Beaufort, Margaret, Countess of Richmond and Derby (1443–1509)’,
ODNB
, 2004.

  
3
   For what follows see
King’s Mother
, pp. 48–62.

  
4
   Catto and Evans, eds,
History of the University of Oxford
, vol. II, p. 736; CPR, 1476–85, pp. 569–70.

  
5
   Horrox,
Study in Service
, pp. 149–50;
Road to Bosworth Field
, p. 125; Stow, p. 450.

  
6
   
Crowland
, p. 163.

  
7
   
Harleian
433, vol. II, p. 2; Mancini, p. 93.

  
8
   For what follows see
Crowland
, pp. 163–69; Vergil,
Three Books
, pp. 192–204; Horrox,
Study in Service
, pp. 138–77; Ross,
Richard III
, 105–24; Gill, passim.

  
9
   Kibre, ‘Lewis of Caerlon’, pp. 101–02.

10
   Gill,
Buckingham’s Rebellion
, p. 13–14; Thomson, pp. 132–33.

11
   
Road to Bosworth Field
, p. 145.

12
   Farrer and Sutton, ‘The Duke of Buckingham’s Sons’, pp. 87–91.

13
   D. Sanituste, “‘Putting Downe”’, p. 145.

14
   
Crowland
, p. 165.

15
   Farrer and Sutton, ‘The Duke of Buckingham’s Sons’, pp. 87–91.

16
   Arthurson and Kingwell, ‘Proclamation of Henry Tudor’, pp. 101–02.

17
   Farrer and Sutton, ‘The Duke of Buckingham’s Sons’, pp. 88–90.

18
   
Harleian
433, vol. I, p. 63. Farrar and Sutton suggest (p. 90) that the children were taken into Richard III’s or his queen’s household, but the authors appear to have been unaware of the order allowing Katherine’s servants and children to be brought to her in London.

19
   Seabourne,
Imprisoning Medieval Women
, pp. 42–43.

20
   Vergil,
Three Books
, p. 204.

21
   Charles Ross,
Richard III
, p. 118.

22
   Vergil,
Three Books
, p. 203.

23
   Clarke, ‘English Royal Marriages’, pp. 1024–25.

24
   
Harleian
433, vol. III, p. 190.

25
   Kendall, p. 484.

26
   Williamson, p. 122–23.

27
   
CPR
, 1476–85, p. 485;
King’s Works
, vol. II, p. 680.

28
   
Harleian
433, vol. I, p. 213; vol. II, p. 130.

29
   
Crowland
, p. 171.

30
   Horrox,
Study in Service
, pp. 275–77;
CPR
, 1476–85, pp. 519–20; Bellamy, pp. 121–22; Fabyan, pp. 671–72;
Great Chronicle
, p. 236.

31
   Griffiths and Thomas,
Making of the Tudor Dynasty
, p. 106.

32
   Griffiths and Thomas,
Making of the Tudor Dynasty
, pp. 110–20; Charles Ross,
Richard III
, pp. 198–200; Horrox,
Study in Service
, pp. 277–78.

33
   For what follows see Grant, ‘Foreign Affairs under Richard III’, pp. 123–26; Chrimes, pp. 31–34; Ross,
Richard III
, pp. 198–201; Antonovics, ‘Henry VII’, pp. 171–73; Griffiths and Thomas, pp. 118–20

34
   Quoted in Dockray,
Richard III
, p. 77.

35
   Spont,
La Marine Francaise
, p. 9. Admirers of Richard III have, rather disingenuously, transferred this isolated statement by the French into Henry Tudor’s own mouth. Ashdown-Hill,
Last Days of Richard III
, pp. 48, 58; Carson, pp. 244–45, Born in 1470, and therefore far too young to remember the events of 1470–71 personally, Charles VIII might have simply overlooked a clerical error.

36
   For what follows see James Ross,
John de Vere
, pp. 74–84; Griffiths and Thomas, pp. 122–23.

37
   Griffiths and Thomas, p. 120; Hammond,
Richard III and the Bosworth Campaign
, p. 40.

38
   Hammond,
Richard III and the Bosworth Campaign
, p. 40; Hutton,
The Battle of Bosworth Field
, 190–91.

39
   
Harleian
433, vol. III, pp. 124–25.

40
   
Harleian
433, vol. I, pp. 59, 92, 177; Thomson, ‘Bishop Lionel Woodville and Richard III’, pp. 134–35; John A.F. Thomson, ‘Woodville, Lionel (
c.
1454–1484)’,
ODNB
, September 2011; Britton,
History and Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Salisbury
, p. 94.

41
   For the following see
Crowland
, pp. 175–77.

42
   Hammond,
Road to Bosworth Field
, p. 199.

43
   Buck, p. 191. Kincaid’s edition contains an extensive description of the textual history of Buck’s manuscript. For further discussion, see Hanham, ‘Sir George Buck and Princess Elizabeth’s Letter’, and Kincaid, ‘Buck and the Elizabeth of York Letter’.

44
   E 404/78/3/47. See the articles by Court, Barrie Williams, and Marques in the bibliography.