The Woodvilles: The Wars of the Roses and England's Most Infamous Family (44 page)

45
   Vergil,
Three Books
, p. 215.

46
   Vergil,
Three Books
, pp. 210, 214. Although Vergil is vague about the time for this episode, it appears to have occurred shortly before Anne’s death.

47
   Ashdown-Hill,
Last Days of Richard III
, pp. 27–28.

48
   Vergil,
Henry VII
, online edition; Pierce,
Margaret Pole
, pp. 8–9.

49
   Horrox,
Study in Service
, p. 293;
CPR
, 1476–85, p. 532.

50
   
Harleian
433, vol. II, pp. 228–30;
Paston Letters
(Gardiner), vol. VI, no. 1001, pp. 81–84.

51
   Ross,
Richard III
, p. 201; Griffiths and Thomas,
Making of the Tudor Dynasty
, pp. 129–31; Hammond,
Richard III and the Bosworth Campaign
, p. 75;
Crowland
, p. 181.

52
   Hammond,
Richard III and the Bosworth Campaign
, pp. 75–78, 91.

53
   Vergil,
Three Books
, p. 226;
Great Chronicle
, p. 238;
Crowland
, p. 183.

  
1
   Hammond,
Richard III and the Bosworth Campaign
, p. 108.

  
2
   Roskell, ‘William Catesby’, p.170–72; Williams, ‘Hastily Drawn-Up Will of William Catesby’, p. 49.

  
3
   
Harleian
433, vol. I, pp. 183, 241; vol. II, pp. 135, 138.

  
4
   For what follows see Roger Stuart Thomas, p. 248–67.

  
5
   Hicks,
False, Fleeting, Perjur’d Clarence
, p. 103; Jones and Underwood,
King’s Mother
, p. 52.

  
6
   
Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry VII
, pp. 6–7, 286.

  
7
   PROME, November 1485, Introduction and items 7, 16 [21], 17 [22], 18 [23].

  
8
   PROME, November 1485, item 9.

  
9
   Okerlund,
Elizabeth of York
, pp. 48–49.

10
   James and Underwood,
King’s Mother
, p. 67; Kingsford, ‘On Some London Houses’, pp. 43–50 passim.

11
   
Crowland
, p. 191.

12
   Linda Clark, ‘Bourchier, Thomas (
c.
1411–1486)’,
ODNB
, 2004.

13
   
Plumpton Letters
, p. 63.

14
   Ross,
Richard III
, p. 142. For my account of Edward’s adventures in Spain I have relied on Wilkins, pp. 1–15, 134, 179–81; Merriman, 134–37; Prescott, vol. I, pp. 396–97.

15
   Prescott, p. 396.

16
   Wilkins, p. 7.

17
   Prescott, pp. 396–97.

18
   Prescott, p. 397.

19
   Wilkins, p.11.

20
   Wilkins, p. 181.

21
   Marques, p. 27.

22
   Sanceau,
Perfect Prince
, pp. 296–97.

23
   
Herald’s Memoir
, p. 99 & n.202.

24
   
Herald’s Memoir
, pp. 100–01.

25
   For the following see
Herald’s Memoir
, pp. 100–06.

26
   Okerlund,
Slandered Queen
, p. 245.

27
   
Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry VII
, pp. 148–49.

28
   Vergil, quoted by Sutton and Visser-Fuchs, ‘“Retirement” of Elizabeth Woodville’, pp. 561–62.

29
   
Hall
, p. 431.

30
   Bacon, pp. 83–84 (italics mine).

31
   See Gordon Smith, ‘Lambert Simnel and the King from Dublin’.

32
   Vergil quoted in Bennett,
Lambert Simnel
, p. 135.

33
   Bacon, pp. 91–92.

34
   Cavill,
English Parliaments
, pp. 111–12.

35
   
Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry VII
, pp. 319–20; CPR, 1485–94, p. 302; Sutton and Visser-Fuchs, “‘Retirement” of Elizabeth Woodville’, p. 563. The situation of having a married king on the throne and an adult dowager queen in good standing had not occurred since Edward III’s time. Queen Phillipa was dead when Richard II came to the throne; after the death in prison of Richard II, his queen, a child, was kept in Henry IV’s care before being returned to France; Henry V had imprisoned Henry IV’s queen on allegations of witchcraft before marrying Catherine of Valois; Henry VI’s mother, Catherine of Valois, died before Henry VI married Margaret of Anjou; Margaret of Anjou was in exile when Edward IV took the throne; and Elizabeth Woodvile, of course, was not recognised as queen by Richard III.

36
   
Foedera
, vol. 12, pp. 328–39; Chrimes,
Henry VII
, p. 279.

37
   For what follows see Bennett,
Lambert Simnel
; Wilkins,
Last Knight Errant
, pp. 139–46; Chrimes,
Henry VII
, pp. 75–78; Okerlund,
Elizabeth of York
, pp. 70–75.

38
   Wilkins, pp. 142–43 & 213 n.18.

39
   Molinet quoted in Bennett,
Lambert Simnel
, p. 130.

40
   Wilkins, pp. 142–43.

41
   Rosemary Horrox, ‘Lovell, Francis, Viscount Lovell (b.
c
.1457, d. in or after 1488)’,
ODNB
, online edition, 2004.

42
   Michael J. Bennett, ‘Simnel, Lambert (b. 1476/7, d. after 1534)’,
ODNB
, October 2008.

43
   For what follows see Cavell,
Heralds’ Memoir
, pp. 120–50.

44
   Bacon, p. 97.

45
   Cavell,
Heralds’ Memoir
, pp. 156–60.

46
   Chrimes,
Henry VII
, p. 140.

47
   What follows is based primarily on Wilkins, pp. 151–64.

48
   Vergil,
Anglica Historia
.

49
   
PL
, no. 411, part I, p. 655.

50
   Vergil,
Anglica Historia
. For a translation of Henry’s letter, see Wilkins, pp. 183–84.

51
   
Calendar of State Papers, Spanish
, 15 July 1488,

52
   Wilkins, p. 160.

53
   
Hall
, p. 441.

54
   Wilkins, p. 161.

55
   
Heralds’ Memoir
, pp. 161, 172.

56
   Beauchesne, p. 39.

  
1
   
Heralds’ Memoir
, p. 175.

  
2
   Bacon, p. 88.

  
3
   Cokayne, vol. XII/1, p. 356. Mary had died before 21 July 1483, when her husband directed in his will that he be buried at Tintern Abbey ‘where my dear and best beloved wife resteth buried’. Thomas, ‘Herberts of Raglan’, p. 296. MacGibbon, p. 224, gives her death date as 1481.

  
4
   S.J. Gunn, ‘Grey, George, second earl of Kent (
d.
1503)’,
ODNB
, September 2011.

  
5
   Cokayne vol. 1, pp. 248–50.

  
6
   
Materials for a Reign of Henry VII
, pp. 562–63; C 142/7/2.

  
7
   E 315/486/7.

  
8
   
Heralds’ Memoir
, p. 102.

  
9
   Currin, ‘King’s Army’, esp. pp. 398, 400, 403.

10
   
Heralds’ Memoir
, p. 71, 81.

11
   
CPR
, 1485–94, pp. 106, 278–79, 481, 494–95; PROME, November 1487 [opening].

12
   TNA: C 142/7/2, C 142/7/39. For the will, see the Appendix.

13
   
CPR
, 1485–94, p. 382.

14
   See Appendix.

15
   For what follows see
Royal Funerals
, pp. 4 n. 7, 66–74.

16
   D. H. Thomas, ‘Herberts of Raglan’, pp. 278, 351.

17
   TNA: PROB 11/10/401; Thomas, pp. 353–57.

18
   Pugh,
Marcher Lordships of South Wales
, p. 241 n.5; Mary L. Robertson, ‘Wingfield, Sir Richard (
b.
in or before 1469,
d.
1525)’,
ONDB
, October 2008.

19
   Harris,
Edward Stafford
, p. 42.

20
   Wingfield, p. 251.

21
   C.S.L. Davies, ‘Stafford, Henry, second duke of Buckingham (1455–1483)’,
ONDB
, September 2011; Horrox,
Study in Service
, pp. 172, 264.

22
   Pugh,
Marcher Lordships of South Wales
, p. 241 n.5.

23
   Wingfield, ed.,
Some Records of the Wingfield Family
, p. 223.

Church of St Mary the Virgin in Grafton Regis. John Woodville, grandfather to Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers, is buried here. The inscription of his slab indicates that he erected the church’s bell tower.