The World Split Open (83 page)

4
. Quoted in Ruth Rosen, “Abortion Rights, 30 Years Later,” editorial,
San Francisco Chronicle
, January 22, 2003.

5
. Study by New York—based Center for Reproductive Rights quoted in
Women's eNews
, December 31, 2005,
http://www.womensenews.org
/.

6
. In a pamphlet published by the Heritage Foundation in 1980 titled “The Family, Feminism and the Therapeutic State,” Onalee McGraw noted that the issue of child care was the first shot across the bow in the cultural wars, even before abortion. Quoted in Carole Joffe,
The Regulation of Sexuality: Experiences of Family Planning Workers
(Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986), 42. Joffe also describes the spread of abortion to other areas of life in “Abortion as Moral Panic,”
American Sexuality
, Special Issue on “Sexual Rights and Moral Panics,” June–July 2005.

7
. Quoted in Ruth Rosen, “When Politics Trumps Science,” editorial,
San Francisco Chronicle
, January 5, 2002.

8
. “In search of Plan C: Pharmacists get caught in the debate over abortion,”
The Economist
, April 7, 2005.

9
. See their report at
http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/tgr/05/1/gr050107.html
.

10
. Waxman report: “Abstinence courses flawed,”
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A26623
(accessed December 1, 2004).

11
. Stephanie Coontz,
Marriage, A History: From Obedience to Intimacy, Or How Love Conquered Marriage
(New York: Penguin, 2005) describes this decline and transformation of the American family.

12
. All interviews, quotes, and observations by the author, who was then working as a columnist at the
San Francisco Chronicle.
From notes taken on February 17, 2004.

13
. See Leslie Heywood, ed.,
The Women's Movement Today, An Encyclopedia of Third Wave Feminism
(Two Volumes) (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2005).

14
. Melissa Klein, “Duality and Redefinition: Young Feminism and the Alternative Music Community,” in Leslie Heywood and Jennifer Drake, eds.,
Third Wave Agenda: Being Feminist, Doing Feminism
(Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997), 215.

15
. Griselda Pollack, “Tracing Figures of Presence, Naming Ciphers of Absence; Feminism, Imperialism and Postmodernity in the Work of Sutapa Biswas,” in Lisa Bloom, ed.,
With Other Eyes: Looking at Race and Gender in Visual Culture
(Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999), 237.

16
. This is described in Women's Action Coalition,
http://www.lib.umb.edu/archives/wac.html
.

17
. Jennifer Baumgardner and Amy Richards,
Manifesta: Young Women, Feminism, and the Future
(New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2000),
http://www.3rdwwwave.com
/(accessed Nov. 18, 2005).

18
. See Astrid Henry,
Not My Mother's Sister: Generational Conflict and Third-Wave Feminism
(Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004) for a generational analysis.

19
. “Feminism, Fashion Can Go Hand in Hand,”
Chicago Tribune
, April 20, 2005.

20
. Hannah Seligson, “Campus Women Wear Feminism on Their Chests,”
Women's eNews
, February 24, 2006,
http://www.womensenews.org
/. These shirts were sold by the Feminist Majority after 2003.

21
. Deb Stoller of
Bust
magazine enthusiastically helped revive a third wave knitting mania and wrote three books on knitting, including
Stitch and Bitch: The Knitter's Handbook
(New York: Workman Publishing Company, 2004).

22
. Michelle Karp, “Herstory: Girl on Girls,” in Karp and Stoller,
The Bust Guide to the New Girl Order
(New York: Penguin, 1999), 310.

23
. Rebecca Walker, “Lusting For Freedom,” in Barbara Findlen, ed.,
Listen Up 2 Ed: Voices from the Next Feminist Generation
(Seattle: Seal Press, 2001), which first appeared in
Ms.
magazine, January 1992. For other work not already cited, see Naomi Wolf,
The Beauty Myth
(New York: Anchor, 1992); Rebecca Walker,
To Be Real: Telling the Truth and Changing the Face of Feminism
(New York: Anchor, 1995); Kristin Rowe-Finkbeiner,
The F Word: Feminism in Jeopardy: Women, Politics and the Future
(Seattle: Seal Press, 2004); Paula Kamen,
Her Way: Young Women Remake the Sexual Revolution
(New York: New York University Press, 2000); Daisy Hernandez and Bushra
Rehman, eds.,
Colonize This! Young Women of Color on Today's Feminism
, (Seattle: Seal Press, 2002); Rory Dicker and Allison Peipmeier, eds.,
Catching a Wave: Reclaiming Feminism for the 21
^st
Century
, (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 2003); Vivien Labaton and Dawn Lundy Martin, eds.,
The Fire This Time: Young Activists and the New Feminism
(New York: Anchor, 2004); Ophira Edut, ed.,
Body Outlaws: Young Women Write About Body Image and Identity
(Seattle: Seal Press, 2003); Jo Regal,
Different Wavelengths: Studies of the Contemporary Women's Movement
(New York: Routledge, 2005). Important articles I've drawn upon include “Writing the Wave: A Dialogue on the Tools, Tactics and Tensions of Feminist Practices over Time and Place,”
NWSA Journal
17:1 (March 2005); Catherine Orr, “Charting the Currents of the Third Wave,”
Hypatia
12, no. 3 (1997); Kimberly Springer, “Third Wave Black Feminism?”
Signs
27 (2002), 1059–82; Gayle Wald, “Just a Girl? Rock Music, Feminism, and the Cultural Construction of Female Youth,”
Signs
23 (1998), 585–610; Kathleen Hanna, “Riot Grrrl Manifesto” (1991) in Jessica Rosenberg and Gitana Garofalo, “Riot Grrrl: Revolutions from Within,”
Signs
23 (January 1998), 812–13; Susan Archer Mann and Douglas J. Huffman, “The Decentering of Second Wave Feminism and the Rise of the Third Wave” in
Science and Society
, Vol. 69, no. 1, Jan. 2005, 56–91.

24
. E-mail from Lisa Jarvis to author, August 29, 2005.

25
. Ricki Wilchins, “Women Rights are Human Rights,” in Joan Nestle, Riki Wilchins, Clare Howell, eds.,
Genderqueer: Voices from Beyond the Sexual Binary,”
(Alyson Publications, 2002), 290.

26
. Heywood and Drake,
Being Feminist, Doing Feminism
, 138.

27
. E-mail from Carter Ann Mahdavi to author, February 2006. The URL is
http://www.worldfeminism.com
.

28
. Lisa Jervis, letter from Emily, unpublished, sent by e-mail to author and which appeared in
Women's eNews
, December 12, 2005.

29
. Quoted in Dawn Bates and Maureen C. McHugh, “Zines: Voices of Third Wave Feminists” in Regal,
Different Wavelengths
, 191.

30
.
Manifesta
, 21. These goals were also articulated by young feminists at a meeting attended by the author with the Third Wave Foundation and Ms. Foundation, October 2004.

31
. Ruth Rosen, “Bush Mobilizes Women,” column,
San Francisco Chronicle
, April 19, 2004.

32
. Jennifer Baumgardner, Amy Richards, and Winona LaDuke,
Grassroots: A Field Guide for Feminist Activism
(New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux, 2005).

33
. Phone interview with Francesca Vietor, November 2004, Berkeley, California.

34
. E-mail interview with the author, January 15, 2006. See also, “Plan A” by Claire Miller, a 2006 unpublished journalism masters thesis, University California, Berkeley, that vividly evokes the obsessive planning that has consumed the young women of her generation.

35
. Interviews with the author, July 6, 2004. They asked that their names not be used.

36
. Luchina Fisher, “Working Women Delay, Forego, Rethink Motherhood,”
Women's eNews
,
http://www.womensenews.org/article.cfm/dyn/aid/1592
.

37
. E-mail to author, December 2005, from Annie Tummino, a young feminist
working with the Social Wage Committee of Redstockings Allies and Veterans (
www.redstockings.org
).

38
. Arlie Hochschild, The
Commercialization of Intimate Life
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003); Joan Tronto,
Moral Boundaries: A Political Argument for an Ethic of Care
(New York: Routledge, 1993), and Mona Harrington,
Care and Equality: Inventing a New Family Politics
(New York: Knopf, 1999), have all made arguments for an ethic of care.

39
. Hochschild,
Commercialization
, 38.

40
. Caryl Rivers and Rosalind Chait Barnett, “Housework Gap Closes for Dual-Earner Couples,” citing 2003 study, “Housework Gap Closes for Dual-Earner Couples,” conducted by the Families and Work Institute,
Women eNews
, February 2, 2006,
http://www.womensenews.org
/. See the Census Bureau “American Time Use Survey” (2004),
http://www.bls.gov/news.release/atus.toc.htm
, that showed that working men worked half as much as working women. However, in the case of dual-income couples, that had changed. See “Housework Gap Closes for Dual-Earner Couples,”
http://www.womensenews.org/article.cfm/dyn/aid/2082
. A 2002 study done at the University of Michigan found that, on average, men do sixteen hours per week of housework to women's twenty-seven. It also found that men's household hours increased by four hours between 1965 and 1985, but have not increased since then. Also see the National Study of the Changing Workforce released by the Families and Work Institute in New York, 2002,
http://www.familiesandwork.org/announce/2002NSCW.html
.

41
. Arlie Hochschild,
The Second Shift
(New York: Viking, 1989); Arlie Hochschild, “Who will care for the Elderly,” op-ed,
The Los Angeles Times
, June 26, 2006.

42
. Arlie Hochschild,
The Time Bind
(New York: Henry Holt, 1997); John de Graef,
Take Back Your Time
(Berret and Koehler, 2003),
http://www.timeday.org
; Juliet Shor,
The Overworked American: The Unexpected Decline of Leisure
(New York: Basic Books, 1993). Also see the Labor Project for Working Families,
http://www.laborproject.org
/.

43
. Anju Mary Paul, “Work-Life Imbalance Acute for Hourly Wage Parents,”
Women's eNews
, April 4, 2006,
http://www.womensenews.org
/.

44
. “Family-Friendly Companies Reap Economic Rewards,”
Working Mother
, September 7, 2000.

45
. For the disadvantages experienced by academic women, for example, see Mason, M.A. & M. Goulden (2004), “Do Babies Matter (Part II)? Closing the Baby Gap,”
Academe
, November-December 2004; Mason, M.A. & M. Goulden (2004), “Marriage and Baby Blues: Redefining Gender Equity in the Academy,”
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
, 596, no. 1, 86–103; and Mason, M.A., & M. Goulden, “Do Babies Matter: The Effect of Family Formation on the Lifelong Careers of Academic Men and Women,”
Academe
, November-December 2002, Vol. 88, no. 6.

46
. Ellen Galinsky,
http://www.familiesandwork.org/announce/2002NSCW.html
.

47
. “The Stay-at-Home Mom Mystique,” By Rebecca Traistor,
Salon.com
, December 6, 2005.
http://dir.salon.com/story/mwt/feature/2005/12/06/total_180/index
.

48
. Such stories appeared in, for example,
The New York Times Magazine, The American Prospect, Time magazine
, the
Chicago-Sun Times
, the
Toronto Star, The Atlantic
magazine, the
San Francisco Chronicle
, and was broadcast by
60 Minutes.
For thoughtful critiques, see Susan J. Douglas, “The
Times
Disses Women,”
In these Times
, November 23, 2005; Katha Pollitt, “Desperate Housewives of the Ivy League?”
The Nation
, October 15, 2005; Jack Shafer, “Weasel-Words Rip My Flesh! Spotting a Bogus Trend Story on Page One of Today's
New York Times,” Slate
, September 20, 2005; Caryl Rivers and Rosalind C. Barnett, “Why Dowd Doesn't Know What Men Really Want,”
Women's eNews
, November 11, 2005,
www.womensenews.org/article.cfm/clyn/aid/2512
.

49
. Linda Hirschman credits herself with coining this term. Her essay “Homeward Bound” on the
American Prospect
Web site ignited a national discussion about “choice feminism.” November 21, 2005,
http://www.prospect.org/web/page.ww?section=root&name=ViewWeb&articleId=10659
. Also see Linda Hirshman,
Get to Work: A Manifesto for Women of the World
(New York: Viking, 2006); Claudia Goldin, “Working It Out,”
The New York Times
, March 15, 2006, A27;
Stephanie Coontz
, “Myth of the Opt-Out Mom,”
The Christian Science Monitor
, posted on
AlterNet.org
, April 3, 2006; and Anju Mary Paul, “Work-Life Imbalance Acute for Hourly Wage Parents,”
Women's eNews
, April 4, 2006,
http://www.womensenews.org
/, all argue that the media have selectively based their stories on relatively comfortable women, rather than ordinary working mothers. Joan C. William, a law professor, authored “One Sick Child Away from Being Fired: When Opting Out Is Not an Option,” Center for Work Life Law, University of California-Hastings, March 14, 2006, which specifically focuses on women paid by the hour, rather than by salary,
www.vchastings.edu/site_files/onesickchild.pdf
. Also see The Project on Global Working Families,
http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/globalworkingfamilies
, Corporate Voice for Working Families,
http://www.cvworkingfamilies.org
/.