When the War Was Over (109 page)

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Authors: Elizabeth Becker

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July 16—17: The P-5 meet again in Paris and announce significant progress on military aspects of a settlement.
 
July 18: U.S. Secretary of State James Baker announces the U.S. will no longer recognize the resistance coalition for the UN seat representing Cambodia because the U.S. wants “to do everything we can to prevent the Khmer Rouge from returning to power.” To that end, the U.S. will open a dialogue with Vietnam on Cambodia for the first time.
 
August 2: Baker meets with Soviet Foreign Minister Shevardnadze to cement agreement on Cambodia.
 
August 12: Chinese Premier Li Peng says China is ready to establish normal relations with Vietnam.
 
August 22: Under strong pressure from China, the Khmer Rouge and their non-communist resistance partners agree to the P-5 formula for a Cambodian settlement.
 
August 27—28: At a meeting in New York, the P-5 diplomats nearly complete a final agreement.
 
September 9—10: At a Jakarta meeting, all Cambodian parties accept that agreement.
 
September 29: U.S. Secretary of State Baker meets with Vietnamese Foreign Minister Thach, the highest level of discussions between the two countries since the end of the Vietnam War in 1975.
 
October 15: The United Nations passes resolution no longer recognizing the resistance as representing Cambodia. Instead, the newly created Supreme National Council incorporating all the Cambodian parties is awarded the UN seat.
 
November 23—26: The P-5 finish the documents for their draft comprehensive political settlement.
 
December 21—22: French Foreign Minister Roland Dumas hosts session with Cambodians warning them to stop their squabbling and finish the final negotiations for a settlement. Significant progress is reached.
 
1991
 
February 23: As the United States and its allies fight the Gulf War to end the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, the Thai military stage a coup d'état against Prime Minister Chatichai.
 
March 19: The resistance formally asks for the reconvening of the Paris Conference on Cambodia.
 
May 1: A cease-fire goes into effect in Cambodia.
 
June 2—4: The Cambodian Supreme National Council meets in Jakarta and agrees that Sihanouk should be its chair with Hun Sen as vice-chair.
 
June 27: The Vietnamese oust Foreign Minister Thach bowing to Chinese demands in exchange for normal relations.
 
July 2: Australia appoints the first foreign ambassador to the newly created Cambodian Supreme National Council, the diplomat Richard Butler.
 
August 24: An attempted coup d'état is thwarted in the Soviet Union.
 
September 26: Sihanouk addresses the UN as head of Cambodia's SNC and the P-5 gives the final draft to the SNC of the peace plan.
 
October 23: The second Paris International Conference on Cambodia convenes and easily approves the peace plan.
 
November 14: Prince Sihanouk returns to Phnom Penh for the first time since he fled in January 1979.
 
November 27: Khmer Rouge leader Khieu Samphan arrives in Phnom Penh and is forced to flee the capital after being rushed by a mob organized by Hun Sen.
 
December: The first officials for UNTAC arrive in Cambodia.
 
1992
 
March: Yasushi Akashi, the civilian head of UNTAC, arrives to take up his post as does the military head, Australian Lieutenant General John Sanderson.
 
April: The Khmer Rouge accuse UNTAC of favoring Hun Sen and his government.
 
May: The Khmer Rouge announce that UNTAC will not be allowed in its territory to supervise the demobilization of its armed forces as required under the peace plan.
 
June: The other factions begin partial deployment under UNTAC supervision.
 
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees under UNTAC oversees the repatriation of some 370,000 refugees from Thailand throughout the summer.
 
December: UNTAC's electoral group registers a phenomenal 4.8 million voters by year's end.
 
1993
 
February: At the close of the deadline, some twenty political parties register to take part in the elections but not the Khmer Rouge.
 
May 23: Election day proceeds with nearly 90 percent voter turnout. The victor was the party of Prince Norodom Ranariddh, son of Prince Sihanouk, which won 45 percent of the vote. Hun Sen's party won only 38 percent of the vote despite clear attempts to intimidate and threaten voters.
 
June 3: Before the final voting count is announced, Hun Sen asks Sihanouk to assume absolute power of the government in order to prevent Sihanouk's son Prince Ranariddh from assuming office. Sihanouk initially agrees but changes his mind quickly after international protests.
 
June 12: Still anxious to retain power, Hun Sen sends his security police and thugs to attack UNTAC offices while another son of Sihanouk announces that he is the leader of a move by several eastern provinces to break away from Cambodia.
 
June 18: At a meeting with key Cambodian and foreign officials, Prince Ranariddh breaks under pressure and agrees to share power with Hun Sen.
 
September: Sihanouk is crowned King of Cambodia and the constitution is ratified, inaugurating the National Assembly.
 
1994
 
Prince Ranariddh offers membership in the government to Khmer Rouge leader Khieu Samphan but he declines.
 
1996
 
Ieng Sary brokers a deal with Hun Sen, approved by Prince Ranariddh, that allows him to defect to the government side with his soldiers and retain control over an area around Pailin.
 
1997
 
June: Pol Pot orders the brutal murder of his top aide Son Sen after learning of new attempts to win over more Khmer Rouge. By now more than half of the Khmer Rouge soldiers have defected to the government. Both Hun Sen and Ranariddh are in active negotiations to bring about the full destruction of the Khmer Rouge movement.
 
July: Foreign governments led by the United States attempt to convince Khmer Rouge leaders to hand over Pol Pot.
 
Hun Sen stages a coup d'état to evict Prince Ranariddh as his co-prime minister accusing Ranariddh of becoming too close to the Khmer Rouge.
 
August: The Khmer Rouge publicly display Pol Pot for the first time since 1979 in a show trial meant to demonstrate that Pol Pot is no longer in power.
 
October: The Khmer Rouge allow journalist Nate Thayer to interview Pol Pot who refuses to acknowledge any wrongdoing.
 
1998
 
April 15: The few remaining Khmer Rouge leaders announce that Pol Pot has died in his sleep of a heart attack. Pol Pot is cremated three days later.
INDEX
Pol Pot used his birth name of Saloth Sar until April, 1975. Entries referring to the period before that date appear under
Saloth Sar
. Entries after that date appear under
Pol Pot
.
ABC News Special Report
on US Cambodia policy
Achar Mean.
See
Son Ngoc Minh
Adolescents.
See
Students; Youth
Afghanistan
Agnew, Spiro T.
Agriculture
education's lack of relevance to
under Khmer Rouge
modernization of
parcelization of land
plantation agriculture
in PRK
problems of
See also
Cooperatives; Food shortages; Rice; Rubber
Ahmed, Rafeeuddin
Alatas, Ali
American Friends Service Committee
American Refugee Committee
Amin, Idi
Amnesty International
Angka
party youth told of real identity
totalitarianism of
used to hide identity of Khmer Rouge
See also
Khmer Rouge
Angkor Empire
Angkor Thom
Angkor Wat temple complex
Animism
Anlong Veng
Annam
Anti-Americanism
Anticolonialism
Antiwar movement
Arendt, Hannah
Aristocracy.
See
Elites
Arms reduction
Army.
See under specific regimes
Arts
See also
Cultural heritage; Dance
Asian Development Bank
Asparas
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
aid to non-communist resistance
and boat people
Cambodian policy
economy of member nations
Joint Informal Meetings (JIMs)
Khmer Rouge refusal to join
neutrality
and P-5 talks
political importance of
Pol Pot's hopes for support from
reaction to end of Second Indochina War
relations with China
and US-Vietnamese relations
Atkins, Chester
Atomization
See also
Khmer Rouge revolution, attack on society; Khmer Rouge revolution, reign of terror
Atrocities
by Khmer Republic
by Khmer Rouge.
See also
Human rights abuses; Purges; Torture
ritual violence in pre-modern Cambodia
Australia
Austria
Ayay
Baez, Joan
Baker, James
Bandung Conference
Bangkok
See also
Thailand
Banking
See also
Mey Komphot
Bao Dai
Baray district
Battambang province
See also
Northwestern Zone
Becker, Elizabeth
Beijing.
See
China; Tiananmen Square
Belgium
Berlin Wall, fall of
Biographies, Khmer Rouge collection and use of
Birthrate
Black market
“Black Paper,”
“Black people,”
Boat people
and ASEAN nations
compared to Jews in Holocaust
as factor in Third Indochina War
international sympathy for
reasons for flight
resettlement
statistics
Boegli, Urs
Bolsheviks
Bolton, John
Bonzes.
See
Buddhist monks
Bophana.
See
Hout Bophana
Bophana: A Cambodian Tragedy
Border conflicts
with Thailand
with Vietnam
Bosnian peace accords
Bourgeoisie
See also
Class warfare
Boutros-Ghali, Boutros
Brevie Line
Brezhnev, Leonid
Brother Number One.
See
Pol Pot; Saloth Sar
Brother Number Two.
See
Nuon Chea
Brown, Fred
Brown, Sam
Brzezinski, Zbigniew
Buddhism
Buddhist dissidents
Cambodia's conversion to
end-of-the-world prophecies
French perception of
Khmer Rouge ideology and
Khmer Rouge suppression of
Lon Nol's use of
See also
Lon Nol, religious and occult beliefs
revival of
Saloth Sar on
See also
Buddhist monks
Buddhist Institute
Buddhist Liberal Democratic Party
Buddhist monks
anticolonial role
See also
Son Ngoc Thanh
Buddhist law on jailing monks
education by
faith and practice
instruction of
Khmer Rouge purge of
protests by
recruitment by Khmer Rouge
See also
Buddhist Institute
Bu Phat
arrest, torture, confession, and execution of
biography and confession
education and personal life
in hiding
Khmer Rouge career
sent to Vietnam
writing career
Bureacracy, under French rule
Burstein, Dan
Bush, George
Business.
See
Banking; Exports; Rubber; Trade
Caldwell, Malcolm
assassination of
Cambodia
chronology
geography
under Khmer Rouge regime.
See
Democratic Kampuchea
under Lon Nol regime.
See
Khmer Republic
1991-present
occupations of.
See
French colonial rule; Japanese occupation; People's Republic of Kampuchea
population
premodern history and culture
See also
Angkor Empire
pre-war claims to paradise
psychology of
territorial disputes.
See
Border conflicts; Thailand, annexation of Cambodian territory
wars of.
See
Cambodian War; First Indochina War; Second Indochina War; Third Indochina War
weather
Cambodian communists//
beginning of armed revolution
after Cambodian independence
defection of Sieu Heng

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