B005HFI0X2 EBOK (58 page)

13.
Henry C. Carey to Henry Wilson, August 26, 1867, in Henry C. Carey,
Reconstruction: Industrial, Financial, and Political
(Washington, DC: United Press Association, 1868), 16.

14.
Edward G. Parker,
The Golden Age of American Oratory
(Boston: Whittemore, Niles and Hall, 1857), 36; quoted in Edgar DeWitt Jones,
The Influence of Henry Clay upon Abraham Lincoln
(Lexington, KY: Henry Clay Foundation, 1952), 13.

15.
Henry Clay, speech of December 31, 1811, in Clay,
The Works of Henry Clay Comprising His Life, Correspondence, and Speeches
, ed. Calvin Colton, 6 vols. (New York: Bannes and Burr, 1863), 6:284.

16.
Ibid., 6:341.

17.
Quoted in Michael Lind,
Hamilton’s Republic: Readings in the American Democratic Nationalist Tradition
(New York: Free Press, 1997), 248–52.

18.
Paul Bairoch,
Economics and World History: Myths and Paradoxes
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993), 34.

19.
John Joseph Wallis, “The National Era,” in
Government and the American Economy: A New History
, ed. Price Fishback et al. (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2007), 169.

20.
Bairoch,
Economics and World History
, 34.

21.
Ibid.

22.
John C. Calhoun, letter, September 11, 1830, quoted in Gaillard Hunt,
John C. Calhoun
(Philadelphia: George W. Jacobs, 1907), 73.

23.
Quoted in Edward Channing,
History of the United States
(New York: Macmillan, 1921), 5:397; cited in Daniel Walker Howe,
What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America
,
1815–1848
(New York and London: Oxford University Press, 2007), 358.

24.
Alfred D. Chandler Jr.,
The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business
(Cambridge, MA, and London: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1977), 30–31.

25.
Nicholas Biddle,
An Ode to Bogle
(Philadelphia: Privately printed for Ferdinand J. Dreer, 1865), quoted in Hammond,
Banks and Politics in America
, 292.

26.
Thomas Cooper,
Lectures on the Elements of Political Economy
, 2nd ed. (Columbia, SC: D. E. Sweeney, 1830), 246; quoted in Herbert Hovenkamp,
Enterprise and American Law, 1836–1937
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1991), 36.

27.
Hamilton papers, quoted in Bray Hammond,
Banks and Politics in America: From the Revolution to the Civil War
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1985 [originally published in 1957]), 127.

28.
House of Representatives Resolution 460, 2nd Cong., 1st sess., 1832, 379–80, quoted in Hammond,
Banks and Politics in America
, 355.

29.
Hammond,
Banks and Politics in America
, 353.

30.
Nicholas Biddle,
Correspondence
, 306; quoted in Hammond,
Banks and Politics in America
, 356.

31.
James Alexander Hamilton,
Reminiscences
(New York: Charles Scribner, 1869), 69; quoted in Hammond,
Banks and Politics in America
, 345.

32.
Hammond,
Banks and Politics in America
, 375.

33.
Ibid., 374.

34.
Albert Gallatin,
Considerations on the Currency and Banking System of the United States
(1830); Gallatin, “Suggestions on the Banks and Currency of the Several United States, in Reference Principally to the Suspension of Specie Payments” (1841).

35.
Washington Globe
, December 13, 1832, quoted in Arthur Meyer Schlesinger,
The Age of Jackson
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1945), 97.

36.
US Congress,
Register of Debates
13 (1837), pt. 1:690; quoted in Hammond,
Banks and Politics in America
, 365.

37.
Robert Sobel,
The Big Board: A History of the New York Stock Market
(New York: Free Press, 1965), 87.

38.
Quoted in Ronald E. Shaw,
Canals for a Nation: The Canal Era in the United States, 1790–1860
(Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1990), 98.

39.
Table 1.2, “Government and the Economy,” “Government Debt by Level of Government, Selected Years,” in
Government and the American Economy
, ed. Fishback et al., 27.

40.
Quoted in Ha-Joon Chang,
Kicking Away the Ladder: Development Strategy in Historical Perspective
(London: Anthem, 2002), 100.

41.
Sangamon Journal
(Springfield, IL), June 13, 1836, quoted in Kenneth J. Winkle,
The Young Eagle: The Rise of Abraham Lincoln
(Dallas: Taylor, 2001), 118.

42.
William Henry Herndon and Jesse William Weik,
Herndon’s Life of Lincoln
, ed. Paul M. Angle (Cleveland: World, 1942), 161.

43.
J. Van Fenstermaker and John E. Filer, “Impact of the First and Second Banks of the United States and the Suffolk System on New England Bank Money, 1791–1837,”
Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking
18, no. 1 (February 1986): 28–40; Naomi R. Lamoreaux,
Insider Lending: Banks, Personal Connections, and Economic
Development in Industrial New England
(Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1994); see also J. Van Fenstermaker,
The Development
of American Commercial Banking, 1782–1837
(Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1965); Howard Bodenhorn,
A History of Banking in Antebellum
America: Financial Markets and Economic Development in an Era of Nation-Building
(Cambridge, UK, and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000).

44.
Gary Cross and Rick Szostak,
Technology and American Society: A History
(Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1995), 77.

45.
Ibid., 26.

46.
Harold G. Vatter,
The Drive to Industrial Maturity: The U.S. Economy, 1860–1914
(Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1975), 13.

47.
Allen Guelzo,
Abraham Lincoln: Redeemer President
(Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1999), 41.

48.
Recollections of George Borrett, in
Conversations with Lincoln
, ed. Charles M. Segal (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1961), cited in Olivier Fraysee,
Lincoln, Land, and Labor, 1809–60
, trans. Sylvia Neely (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), 13.

49.
Sean Patrick Adams,
Old Dominion, Industrial Commonwealth: Coal, Politics, and Economy in Antebellum America
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004).

50.
Peter Karsten, “ ‘Bottomed on Justice’: A Reappraisal of Critical Legal Studies Scholarship Concerning Breaches of Labor Contracts by Quitting or Firing in the U.S., 1630–1880,”
American Journal of Legal History
34, no. 3 (July 1990): 213–61; James D. Schmidt,
Free to Work: Labor Law, Emancipation, and Reconstruction, 1815–1880
(Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1998).

51.
Jonathan Hughes and Louis P. Cain,
American Economic History
, 5th ed. (New York: Addison-Wesley, 1998), 112.

52.
Brian Schoen,
The Fragile Fabric of Union: Cotton, Federal Politics, and the Global Origins of the Civil War
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009).

53.
Guelzo,
Abraham Lincoln
, 134.

54.
Angela Lakwete,
Inventing the Cotton Gin: Machine and Myth in Antebellum America
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003).

55.
Gene Dattel,
Cotton and Race in the Making of America: The Human Costs of Economic Power
(Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2009), 98.

56.
Guelzo,
Abraham Lincoln
, 134.

57.
Dattel,
Cotton and Race in the Making of America
, 82.

58.
Quoted in Ibid.

59.
Jeffrey Rogers Hummel, “The Civil War and Reconstruction,” in
Government and the American Economy: A New History
, ed. Fishback et al., 192.

60.
R. Douglas Hurt,
American Agriculture: A Brief History
, rev. ed. (West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press, 2002), 124.

61.
Adam Rothman, “The ‘Slave Power’ in the United States, 1783–1865,” in
Ruling America: A History of Wealth and Power in a Democracy
, ed. Steve Fraser and Gary Gerstle (Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press, 2005), 72–73.

62.
Gavin Wright,
Slavery and American Economic Development
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2006), 61.

63.
William Kauffman Scarborough,
Master of the Big House: Elite Slaveholders of the Mid-Nineteenth-Century South
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2006), 12, 241; Rothman, “The ‘Slave Power,’” 72.

64.
Lawrence S. Roland, Alexander Moore, and George C. Rogers Jr.,
The History of Beaufort County, South Carolina
, vol. 1,
1514–1861
(Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1996), 379–80.

65.
“1,648 Slaves in the Estate of Nathaniel Heyward, Charlotte, SC, 1851,” www.fold3.com (accessed December 12, 2011).

66.
J. S. Buckingham,
The Slave States of America
(London: Fisher Son, 1842), 113; quoted in Gavin Wright, “Cheap Labor and Southern Textiles before 1880,” in
Industrialization in North America
, ed. Peter Temin (Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell, 1994), 405.

67.
Vatter,
The Drive to Industrial Maturity
, 5.

68.
Friedrich Ratzel,
Sketches of Urban and Cultural Life in North America
, trans. and ed. Stewart A. Sehlin (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1988 [1876]), 147–48; cited in D. W. Meinig,
The Shaping of America
, vol. 3,
Transcontinental America, 1850–1915
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999), 225.

69.
Niles Weekly Register
, xxxv, January 17, 1829, 333; quoted in James R. Gibson Jr.,
Americans Versus Malthus: The Population Debate in the Early Republic, 1790–1840
(New York: Garland, 1989), 169.

70.
David Christy,
Cotton Is King: or, Slavery in the Light of Political Economy
, 3rd ed., in
Cotton Is King, and Pro-Slavery Arguments
, ed. E. N. Elliott (Augusta, GA: Pritchard, Abbot & Loomis, 1860), 71; quoted in Michael Hudson,
America’s Protectionist Takeoff, 1815–1914: The Neglected American School of Political Economy
(Dresden, Germany: Michael Hudson/ISLET-Verlag, 2010), 47.

71.
Dattel,
Cotton and Race in the Making of America
, 82.

72.
Ronald Bailey, “The Slave(ry) Trade and the Development of Capitalism in the United States: The Textile Industry in New England,”
Social Science History
14, no. 3 (Autumn 1990): 373–414.

73.
Quoted in Dattel
, Cotton and Race in the Making of America
, 88.

74.
Ibid., 95–96.

CHAPTER 6: PLAIN MECHANIC POWER: THE CIVIL WAR AND THE SECOND REPUBLIC

1.
Herman Melville, “A Utilitarian View of the Monitor’s Fight,” in
Battle Pieces
and Aspects of the War
(New York: Harper Brothers, 1866).

2.
William Faulkner, in
The Portable Faulkner
, ed. Malcolm Cowley (New York: Random House, 1985), 255.

3.
Southern Historical Society Papers
, new no. ser. 4, whole no. 44 (1923), 171; quoted in Rose Razaghian, “Financing the Civil War: The Confederacy’s Financial Strategy” (working paper, Yale ICF No. 04–45 (New Haven, MA: Yale University, January 2005).

4.
James Hammond, “On the Admission of Kansas, under the LeCompton Constitution” (speech, United States Senate, March 4, 1858), http://www .sewanee.edu/faculty/Willis/Civil_War/documents/HammondCotton .html (accessed December 8, 2011).

5.
Harold G. Vatter,
The Drive to Industrial Maturity: The U.S. Economy, 1860–1914
(Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1975), 29.

6.
Table 9.4, “Structure of Commodity Trade, 1851–1860,” in Jonathan Hughes and Louis P. Cain,
American Economic History
, 5th ed. (New York: Addison-Wesley, 1998), 169.

7.
Quoted in Gene Dattel,
Cotton and Race in the Making of America: The Human Costs of Economic Power
(Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2009), 169–75.

8.
Alvy L. King and Louis T. Wigfall,
Southern Fire-Eater
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1970), 126; cited in Gavin Wright,
Slavery and American Economic Development
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2006), 82.

9.
Quoted in Thomas B. Allen and Roger MacBride Allen,
Mr. Lincoln’s High-Tech War: How the North Used the Telegraph, Railroads, Surveillance Balloons, Iron-Clads, High-Powered Weapons, and More to Win the Civil War
(Washington, DC: National Geographic, 2009), 69.

10.
Jeffrey Rogers Hummel, “The Civil War and Reconstruction,” in
Government and the American Economy: A New History
, ed. Price Fishback et al. (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2007), 200.

11.
Barbara Freese,
Coal: A Human History
(New York: Penguin, 2003), 126.

12.
Raimondo Luraghi,
The Rise and Fall of the Plantation South
(New York: New Viewpoints, 1978), 123–32.