B00BY4HXME EBOK (45 page)

Kim, Ok,
55
,
140

Kim, S
ŏ
ng-ae,
26
,
54

Kim, Sam-yong,
14

Kim, Tu-bong,
14

Korea

Communist movement,
3

Japanese rule,
3
,
52

partition of,
2
,
9
–10

post World War II,
1
–4

See also
North Korea (DPRK); South Korea (ROK)

Korea Economic Institute,
236

Korean Communist movement,
3

Korean Communist Party,
46
,
52

Korean Energy Development Organization (KEDO),
151
–52,
154
,
172

Korean War

Armistice Treaty,
11
,
27

events of,
10
–11,
28
,
69
,
142

impact on Korean society,
11
–12,
16
,
28

“Second Korean War,”
28
–29

Korean Workers’ Party (KWP)

conferences,
68
,
133
–34

and Korean War,
11

membership in,
40

origins,
7
,
13

and
Rodong Shinmun
(newspaper),
18
,
99
–102

and social advancement,
40
,
107

Ko, Y
ŏ
ng-h
ŭ
i,
55

K
ŭ
mgang Mountain tourist zone,
165
–67,
175

Land Reform Law,
6
,
7
,
240
–41

Laos,
95

Lee, Myung Bak,
173
–74,
175
,
176

Lee, Yong Ho,
137
,
141

Leninism,
7
,
9
,
50
–51

Libya,
149
,
209
–10

life expectancy,
64

See also
health care

Lim, Un,
22

Macao,
55
,
116
,
133
,
154
,
251

Manchuria,
3
,
5
,
14
,
181

Maoism,
16
,
17
,
50
,
72
,
110
,
135
,
213

Mao, Zedong

and early Communism,
5

personality cult,
50

political persecution by,
46

successor to,
68

See also
Maoism

March 1st Uprising of 1919,
52

markets

during currency reform,
129
,
130
,
132

during Kim Il Sung’s era,
36

government crackdowns,
108
,
119
–23,
126
,
129
,
130
,
132

government tolerance of,
36
,
120
,
121
,
130
,
132

as necessary income source,
82
,
83
–85,
108

operators of,
83
–84,
122
–23,
130

and “7.1 measures,”
111
,
119
–20

See also
economy of North Korea; private enterprise

marriage

divorce,
25
,
26

and housing,
37

and s
ŏ
ngbun system,
42

Marxism,
3
,
9
,
25
,
26
,
50
–51,
52

methamphetamines,
86

military spending,
71
–72

Milne, A.A.,
139

Ministry for Protection of State Security (MPSS),
49

Mongolia,
95

Mun, Ik-hwan,
224

Myers, Brian,
67
,
105

Nam, Sung-wook,
236

narcotics.
See
drugs

National Defense Commission,
138

NLL (maritime border),
178
,
179

Noland, Marcus,
189

North Korea (DPRK)

capital of.
See
Pyongyang, N.K.

creation of,
2
,
9

literature,
80
–82

natural resources,
xi
,
87
,
162
,
181
,
182

See also
economy of North Korea; foreign aid; North Korean diplomacy; North Korean leadership (Kim family regime); nuclear weapons program;
North Korea headings

North Korea (Kim Il Sung era/1948-1994)

abductions,
22
–23

badges,
33
,
51

clothing,
87

Communism,
3
–4,
5
–6,
8
–9,
16
–17,
52
–53

control and surveillance.
See
daily life of citizens

economy,
19
,
20
,
21
,
26
,
27
,
66
–67,
70
,
71
–74,
118
–19

education.
See
education

employment.
See
employment

ethnic returnees from Japan,
23
–24,
48

foreign policy,
15
–24

gender relations,
24
–26

government counterfeiting,
21
–22

government smuggling,
20
–22

health care,
64
–66

ideology and propaganda,
50
–53,
56
–61,
66
,
67
–68

isolationism,
39
,
43
–45,
53
,
225

Korean War.
See
Korean War

land reform law,
6
,
7
,
240
–41

national Stalinism,
xii
,
1
,
34
,
50
,
75
,
82
,
190

North Korean Constitution,
6

Politburo,
7
,
13
–15

political persecution.
See
political persecution

prison camps.
See
political persecution

promises of,
8
–9,
61
–67

publications,
44
,
45
,
52

Pueblo
seizure,
30
–31

purges of party leadership,
12
–15,
26
,
27
,
52

refugees to South Korea,
7
–8

relations with China,
11
,
19
–20,
73
–74,
75
,
76

secretiveness,
46
–47,
69
–70

and Sino-Soviet split,
16
–20,
28
,
76

Soviet role in,
1
–3,
4
,
6
–9,
10
,
11
–12,
16
–20,
28
,
50
,
142
–43,
156
,
183

travel.
See
daily life of citizens

See also
Kim, Il Sung

North Korea (Kim Jong Il era/1994-2011)

agriculture in.
See
agriculture

awareness of outside world,
102
–08

cell phones,
97

clothing,
87
,
90
,
91

computers,
103
–04

consumer goods,
87
,
93
,
103
–04

corruption and bribery,
77
,
89
–91,
92
,
93

criminal activities,
86
–87

currency reform,
126
–32

dates of,
76

drugs,
86
–87,
112

economy,
74
,
75
,
76
–80,
82
–91

food.
See
food supply

foreign aid.
See
foreign aid

infrastructure,
77
,
78

joint North-South enterprises,
164
–70,
219
–20,
221

military service,
107

newly rich citizens,
91
–93

political crimes,
89
–90

propaganda,
99
–102,
105

refugees to China,
94
–95,
102
–03,
123

refugees to South Korea,
95
–99

remittances from South Korea,
97

riots,
107
–08

smuggling,
90

special economic zones (SEZ),
170
–72

travel,
90
–91,
93

weakening of government controls,
89
–90,
107
–08

See also
Kim, Jong Il

North Korea (present into future)

awareness of outside world,
190
–91,
214
–17,
225

generational shift,
xiv
,
191

missile tests,
138
–39,
176

pop culture,
139
–40,
141

potential for crisis,
xiv
–xv,
191
–96

potential for reform,
xiv
,
141
–42,
258

potential for stability,
196
–202

succession of Kim Jong Un,
26
,
51
,
55
,
133
–35,
136
–42,
252

two possible outcomes,
202

See also
Kim, Jong Un; North Korean diplomacy; nuclear weapons program; opening to outside world; unification

North Korean diplomacy

international incidents

death of South Korean housewife,
175

detention of US journalists,
176
–77

Kaes
ŏ
ng city tours,
175

missile tests,
138
–39,
176

nuclear tests,
156
,
176
,
204
,
253

shelling of Yeongpyeong,
179

sinking of
Cheonan
,
179

key relationships

China,
156
,
179
–85

South Korea,
175
–76,
177
–79,
211

United States,
151
–52,
154
–55,
176
–79,
210
–12

potential international responses

acceptance of nuclear program,
252
–55

hard-line strategies,
203
–08,
258

military reprisals,
204
–06

sanctions,
206
–08

short-term strategies,
252
–56

six-party talks,
155
,
157
,
200
,
255
–56

soft-line approach,
208
–12,
258

“strategic patience,”
177
,
210
–12,
216

“three no’s” approach,
253
–55

U.S. security guarantees,
209
–10

tactics

brinksmanship,
xi
–xii,
xiii
,
xv
,
172
,
188

charm offensives,
176
–77

crisis manufacturing,
175
–76,
177
–79,
211

See also
foreign aid; nuclear weapons program

North Korean leadership (Kim family regime)

behavior as survival strategy,
xii
,
xiii
–xiv,
xv
,
109
,
111
–12,
132
,
190
,
207
,
209
,
211
,
212
–13,
257
,
260

fears of retribution,
115
,
118
,
250

female bureaucrats,
26

generational shift,
141
,
191

money laundering,
154
,
157

personality cults,
32
,
33
,
214
–15

portraits and iconography,
32
–34

potential future collapse,
xiv
–xv,
216
,
233
–34,
258

resistance to reforms,
xv
,
75
,
109
,
110
–19,
120
,
145
,
189
–90,
215
–16

South Korea as difficulty for,
xiii
,
43
,
112
–15,
118
,
214
–15

victims of,
xiii
,
xv
,
212
,
258

North-South Joint Communiqué,
31

Norway,
20
–21

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty,
148
,
151
,
154
,
181
,
254

nuclear weapons program

Agreed Framework treaty,
151

Chinese views of,
180
,
181
–82,
184
,
185

as diplomatic brinksmanship,
xii
,
xv
,
138
–39,
145
,
147
,
149
–57,
209
–10

highly enriched uranium program,
153
–54,
179

military purposes,
149

missile tests,
138
–39,
176

Non-Proliferation Treaty,
148
,
151
,
154
,
181
,
254