Before the Storm (109 page)

166 For CRA as Warren redoubt, see White with Gill,
Suite 3505,
335; Schuparra,
Triumph of the Right,
5; and McGirr, “Suburban Warriors,” 134, 142. For Nolan Frizzelle and the right-wing takeover of the CRA, see Nolan, 142-45; and Schuparra,
Triumph of the Right,
65-66, 177. For “dictatorial and totalitarian” quote, see LAT, March 4, 1962.
“I don't consider the John Birch Society”:
McGirr, “Suburban Warriors,” 157.

166 For CRA endorsement meeting, see Schuparra,
Triumph of the Right,
64-65; Jim Woods, “California Republicans: Are the Birchers Taking Over?,”
The Reporter,
May 1964; McGirr, “Suburban Warriors,” 146. For Wright and Jarvis, see Schuparra, 65. For Reagan's involvement, see White,
Why Reagan Won,
26; and Group Research Inc., “Barry Goldwater and the American Right Wing,” AC.

166 For Nixon's 1960 supporters backing Shell, see Novak,
Agony of the GOP,
86.
At a May
23
rally:
Schuparra,
Triumph of the Right,
66-67.

167 For Nixon's sojourn in the desert, see Novak,
Agony of the GOP,
84. For the Birch billboards, see production draft for campaign film “The Extremist,” RAC, Box 11/944. Department of State Publication 7277: Phyllis Schlafly,
A Choice, Not an Echo
(Alton, Ill.: Pere Marquette Press, 1964), 12, and AC.

167 For the Nixon-Shell meeting, see Schuparra,
Triumph of the Right,
68. For BMG response, see White with Gill,
Suite
3505, 71.

167 For Miller's commitment to Operation Dixie, see Rae,
Decline and Fall,
69.
Time enshrined the Young Republican operatives:
“The New Breed,”
Time,
July 13, 1962. See also Grenier to White, May 3, 1962, WAR, Box 154/4, Alabama Republican Party precinct meetings (“Today we have seen the birth of the Republican Party of Alabama as a political organization”); White,
Making of the President 1964
, 167; John Grenier Oral History, Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 4007: A-9; and “Declaration of Principles of the Republican Party of Louisiana,” FCW, Box 19. For Edens's use of COPE manual, see Jack Bass
and Marilyn W. Thompson,
Ol' Strom: An Unauthorized Biography of Strom Thurmond
(Atlanta: Longstreet, 1998), 195.

168 For a copy of “Declaration of Republican Principle and Policy” read to the House of Representatives June 7, 1962, see AHF, Box 1/1. See also White with Gill,
Suite
3505, 65. For Eisenhower's “All-Republican Conference,” see Rae,
Decline and Fall,
67; and the letters on “National Citizens Committee” letterhead in FCW, Eisenhower File. For BMG's response, see White with Gill,
Suite 3505, 71. “The fact that you were politically naive”:
Yerger to Eisenhower, July 23, 1962, WAR, Box 154/4.

168 My account of Bill Workman's Senate race is from Russell Merritt, “The Senatorial Election of 1962 and the Rise of Two-Party Politics in South Carolina,”
South Carolina Historical Magazine
(July 1997).

169 For the integration of the University of Mississippi: Taylor Branch,
Pillar of Fire: America in the King Years, 1963-1965
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1998), 62. For centennial of Confederacy, see Michael Kammen,
Mystic Chords of Memory: The Transformation of Tradition in American Culture
(New York: Vintage, 1993), 590-610. For General Walker's participation, see Peter Dale Scott,
Deep Politics and the Death of JFK
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993),34.

169 BMG response to Ole Miss: WGN, FB 2413-A.

169 For election results, see
America Votes,
vol. 4 (New York: Macmillan, 1964).

170 For Lister Hill and James Martin's Senate race, see Ellen Proxmire,
One Foot in Washington: The Perilous Life of a Senator's Wife
(Washington, D.C.: R. B. Luce, 1964), 80; White,
Making of the President 1964
, 167-68; and Alexander Lamis,
The Two-Party South
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1984), 77. For Memphis, see David Kraslow, “Goldwater Key to All GOP Hopes in South,” LAT, January 3, 1964. For Republican totals in the South generally, see
Newsweek,
May 20, 1963.

 

171
Or so National Review publisher Bill Rusher argued:
“Crossroads for the GOP,” NR, February 12, 1963.

171 For Nixon's general election campaign and “last press conference,” see Kurt Schuparra,
Triumph of the Right: The Rise of the California Conservative Movement, 1945-1966
(Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1998), 68-79. For Francis Amendment, see Lisa McGirr, “Suburban Warriors: Grass-Roots Conservatism in the 1960s” (Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1995), 99-101. For “The Political Obituary of Richard Nixon,” see Christopher Matthews,
Kennedy and Nixon: The Rivalry That Shaped Postwar America
(New York: Touchstone, 1996), 219.

172 For the success of Birch-associated candidates, see John Andrew III,
The Other Side of the Sixties: Young Americans for Freedom and the Rise of Conservative Politics
(New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1997), 167. For gerrymandering of Rousselot's district, see “The Rampant Right Invades the GOP,”
Look,
July 16, 1963. For Rafferty, see Schuparra,
Triumph of the Right,
81-82.

172
The New York Times's top pundit:
Arthur Schlesinger Jr., ed.,
History of American Presidential Elections, 1798-1968
, vol. 4 (New York: Chelsea House, 1971), 3009. For Morgenthau showing against NAR, see Rusher, “Crossroads for the GOP”; and Robert Novak,
The Agony of the GOP 1964
(New York: Macmillan, 1965), 81, 84.

172 The source for White's biography is F. Clifton White with Jerome Tuccille,
Politics as a Noble Calling
(Ottawa, Ill.: Jameson Books, 1994). The comparison to Jimmy Stewart is from author interview with William A. Rusher. For his headlong embrace of backroom politics, see E. J. Dionne Jr.,
Why Americans Hate Politics
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1991), 177.

173
“Learn from them”:
White with Tuccille,
Noble Calling,
58.

174 For the creation of Clif White's Young Republican machine I rely on White with Tuccille, 65-79; William Rusher,
The Rise of the Right
(New York: Morrow, 1984), 67-70, 78-79; “Old Friends,” pamphlet, LN; and author interviews with Rusher and Leonard Nadasdy. John Lindsay would soon go on to work for the Justice Department to help craft the 1957 Civil Rights Act.

175
White sat alone in his hotel room:
White with Tuccille,
Noble Calling,
73.

176
The resolutions committee, traditionally:
Rusher,
Rise of the Right,
70.

176 For the business-politics movement White pioneered, see White with Tuccille,
Noble Calling,
109-131; David J. Galligan,
Politics and the Businessmen
(New York: Pitman, 1964); “Businessmen in Politics: A GOP Candidate Is Defeated as Effort Is Made to Organize Business Behind Him,” WSJ, March 6, 1959; Max P. Skelton, “Gulf's Political Program Studied by Other Firms,”
Midland
(Texas)
Reporter,
July 26, 1959, clip in CM, Box 70/1.

177
One day in the summer of 1961:
Rusher interview; Rusher,
Rise of the Right,
98-99.

177
Rusher called Clif White:
ibid., 100-101; Rusher interview.

178 White's astonishingly detailed organizational files for Volunteers for Nixon-Lodge are in FCW, Box 8. For his midlife crisis see White with Tuccille,
Noble Calling,
132-33; and F. Clifton White with William Gill,
Suite 3505: The Story of the Draft Goldwater Movement
(New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1967), 25.

178 For the founding and first two meetings of the Draft Goldwater organization through the opening of an office: White with Tuccille,
Noble Calling,
137-43; White with Gill,
Suite 3505,
30-51; Rusher,
Rise of the Right,
98-110; Jon Margolis,
The Last Innocent Year: America in 1964: The Beginning of the “Sixties”
(New York: Morrow, 1999), 22; and Rusher interview. For BMG's appearance on
Issues and Answers,
see Lee Edwards,
Goldwater: The Man Who Made a Revolution
(Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 1995), 153.

180 I draw my sense of the Rube Goldberg system for deciding Republican nominees, and White's strategy for exploiting it, from Andrew E. Busch,
Outsiders and Openness in the Presidential Nominating System
(Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1997), 66-76; Nicol C. Rae,
The Decline and Fall of the Liberal Republicans: From 1952 to the Present
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), 55-57; and Schlesinger, ed.,
History of American Presidential Elections,
3012.

181 For Suite 3505 in the Chanin Building I rely on White with Gill,
Suite 3505,
52-54; Rusher interview; and author visit.

181 White's materials for slide talks, including an example of his delegate map, are in FCW, Boxes 8 and 19. For his Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana, Midwestern, and Western trips, see White with Gill,
Suite 3505
, 55-56. For the bombings of ministers' homes, see “Terror Bombs,” LAT, February 2, 1962, A1. For Rousselot, see Rusher to White, February 28, 1962, WAR, Box 18/“Congressional Contact.”
Rous
selot-a
good soldier and a good spy:
in 1965 Ronald Reagan noted that Rousselot was “willing to do anything from calling me names in public to endorsement—whatever we want.” Schuparra,
Triumph of the Right,
116.

182 For the third, Minnesota, meeting: White to Rusher, March 26, 1962, WAR, Box 154/4; White to Tope, March 27, 1962, and White to Barr, April 6, 1962, FCW, Box 19; Rusher,
Rise of the Right,
136; White and Gill,
Suite 3505,
56-60; and Rusher interview. “Sons of Business” affair: Thomas C. Reeves,
A Question of Character: A Life of John F. Kennedy
(New York: Free Press, 1991), 331.

183 For fund-raising difficulties, see Ralph Bachenheimer correspondence in WAR, Box 154/4. For “Tope-Fernald Agency Account,” see “Letter of Understanding,” Fernald and Tope to Milliken, February 1962, WAR, Box 155/3. For ACA's parallel efforts for the 1962 congressional elections, see invitation to November 14, 1961, meeting in FCW, Box 3/Miscellaneous; and “Group of Conservatives Assigns Secret Aides to 46 Candidates,” NYT, October 22, 1962, A1.
That was the exact amount:
White with Gill,
Suite
3505, 62.

183 White's trip to Seattle: ibid., 68-69. For Chapman and Guilder's “flaming moderates,” see
Time,
February 10. 1961; Paul Tillett, ed.,
Inside Politics: The National Conventions 1960
(Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Oceana Publications, 1962), 46; Hayden, “Who Are the Student Boatrockers?,”
Mademoiselle,
August 1961; and Rae,
Decline and Fall,
81. For the movement to dump Goldwater, see Edward Cain,
They'd Rather Be Right: Youth and the Conservative Movement
(New York: Macmillan, 1963), 267.

183
Washington State Republicans:
August 14, 1962, press release in WAR, Box 154/4. AP and Texas polls: White with Gill,
Suite 3505,
78. For Chubb Fellowship, see Kitchel to BMG, November 6, 1961, Kitchel to Williams, December 14, 1961, Williams to Kitchel, December 30, 1961, Griswold to Kitchel, April 19, 1962, Kitchel to Williams, April 27, 1962, and Brown to BMG, May 16, 1962, all in DK, Box 1/Goldwater, Barry 1947-63; and Richard Brookhiser,
Weekly Standard,
July 6, 1999.

184
He removed himself:
Robert Novak, “Boost for Rocky Seen as Goldwater Curtails Nationwide Politicking,” WSJ, September 14, 1962; and Novak,
Agony of the GOP,
76.
White, on the verge of eviction:
White with Gill,
Suite 3505, 75.

184 For the NFRW convention, see ibid., 73-74.

185 For White's recruiting of the AMA's president, see Annis to White, November 20, 1962, in FCW, Box 18/“American Medical Association.” For the AMA and right-wing politics: Schuparra,
Triumph of the Right,
5, 18 (for Warren); Cary Reich,
The Life of Nelson A. Rockefeller: Worlds to Conquer, 1908-1958
(New York: Doubleday, 1996), 507 (for HEW); Bill Boyarsky,
The Rise of Ronald Reagan
(New
York: Random House, 1968), 101 (for Reagan and Medicare); and Tom Wicker,
JFK and LBJ: The Influence of Personality upon Politics
(Baltimore: Penguin, 1968), 34, 67. For AMA-PAC, see “Report of James L. McDevitt, National Director, Committee on Political Education, AFL-CIO,” FCW, Box 19/“Campaigning.” For the involvement of AMA Suite 3505, see invitation to November 14, 1961, meeting in FCW, Box 3/Miscellaneous.

185 For the Syndicate's loss of the YRs, I rely on White with Gill,
Suite 3505,
31; and author interviews with Leonard Nadasdy and William Rusher. For Nadasdy's reign: “Young Republican National Federation: A Record of Accomplishment,” “Dear Friend,” letter, April 25, 1962, and “Old Friends” pamphlet, all in LN; Nadasdy to author, August 23, 1998; Nadasdy interview; and Nadasdy to Nichols, March 21, 1963, FCW, Box 18/“Young Republicans.”

185 For Hutar, see John Kessel,
The Goldwater Coalition: Republican Strategies in 1964
(Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1968), 144. For Hutar and Harff's elections, I rely on Nadasdy and Rusher interviews; and “Old Friends.” For Chicago meeting of White coalition, see White to Hutar, May 3. 1962, and June 21, 1962, and meeting minutes, July 7, 1962, all in FCW, Box 18/“Young Republicans.” For Hutar's travels, see Bree to Hutar, July 18, 1962, and October 10, 1962; Hutar to Bree, July 23, 1962 Rehmann to Cushing, November 5, 1962; and Hutar to Failor, February 18, 1963, all in FCW, Box 18/“Young Republicans.”
And they got to work discrediting:
Bree to Hutar, August 21, 1962; Hutar to Bree, August 23, 1962; White to Barr, September 25, 1962, ibid.