Before the Storm (108 page)

147 For General Walker, I rely on Shawn Francis Peters, “ ‘Did You Say That Mr. Dean Acheson Is a Pink?': The Walker Case and the Cold War,”
Viet Nam Generation
6, nos. 3-4; and “Thunder on the Far Right: Fear and Frustration,”
Newsweek,
December 4, 1961.

147 For the Army's report on Walker, see NYT, June 18, 1961. For ACA: Diamond,
Roads to Dominion,
61; and Peters, “ ‘Did You Say.' ”

148 For Thurmond hearings: Jack Bass and Marilyn W. Thompson,
Ol‘Strom: An Unauthorized Biography of Strom Thurmond
(Atlanta: Longstreet, 1998), 191-92; and Peters, “ ‘Did You Say' ” (for “Pro-Blue” quote).

148 For James Quinlan,
New York Mirror,
the Texas state senate, Paul Harvey, and BMG reactions, see Peters, “ ‘Did You Say.' ”

148 For Schwarz at the Hollywood Bowl, October 16, 1961, and Richfield Oil and Coast Federal funding, see Cook, “The Ultras”; and Schwarz,
Beating the Unbeatable Foe,
226.

149 For JFK campaign against the far right, I rely on the remarkable original research in John A. Andrew III,
The Other Side of the Sixties: Young Americans for Freedom and the Rise of Conservative Politics
(New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1997). For the RFK meeting with Walter Reuther, ibid., 153; and Victor Reuther,
The Brothers Reuther and the Story of the UAW
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1976), 440.

149 For original Minutemen dispatch, see “Police Seize Arms of ‘61 'Minutemen,' ” NYT, October 22, 1961, A32; see also “Guerilla Chief Held on Coast for Violating Police Regulation,” NYT, November 11, 1961, A9; and “Minutemen Guerilla Unit Found to Be Small and Loosely Knit,” NYT, November 12, 1961, A6.

150
Thirty-four had come from Texas:
Andrew,
Other Side of the Sixties,
153.

150 For Dallas generally my source is Warren Leslie,
Dallas
Public
and
Private (New York: Grossman Publishers, 1964).

150 For LBJ's visit, see ibid., 179-87.

150 My sources for Yugoslavia and the founding of the National Indignation Convention are Donald Janson and Bernard Eismann,
The Far Right
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963), 108;
Newsweek,
December 4, 1961; and GRR, June 29, 1964.

151 For J. Evetts Haley and Texans For America's textbook crusade, and his fist-fight with the history professor, see Cook, “The Ultras.” For
United States v. J. Evetts
Haley
Jr.,
see “Texans for America News,” June 1959, in CM, Box 69/6. His appearance in Dallas is described in
Newsweek,
December 4, 1961. For JFK's order for monthly reports on the right, IRS investigation, and speechwriting for Western tour, see Andrew,
Other Side of the Sixties,
156-61.

151
The radical right, he explained:
PPP: JFK, 724-28. The scene in Los Angeles is set in Tom Wicker, “Kennedy Asserts Far-Right Groups Provoke Disunity,” NYT, November 19, 1961, A1. For speech, see PPP: JFK, 733-36.

152
Time put the issue:
“Thunder Against the Right,”
Time,
November 24, 1961 (for NCWC and UAHC resolutions).
“Those who take the extreme”: Newsweek,
December 4, 1961. The NYTM article is November 26, 1961.
Henry Luce's next Life editorial:
“Crackpots: How They Help Communism,”
Life,
December 1, 1961.

152 For Harding College, see Cook, “The Ultras.” For fluoride, see Robert L. Crain, Elihu Katz, and Donald B. Rosenthal,
The Politics of Community Conflict: The Fluoridation Decision
(Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1969). For Hunt, see Jerome Tuccille,
Kingdom: The Story of the Hunt Family of Texas
(Ottawa, Ill.: Jameson Books, 1984); and William Martin,
With God on Our Side: The Rise of the Religious Right
(New York: Broadway Books, 1996), 76. For Smoot's “Siberia” claim, see Cook, “The Ultras.” For the Council on Foreign Relations, see Dan Smoot,
The Invisible Government
(Dallas: Dan Smoot Report, Inc., 1962).

153 For panic over the Housing Act of 1961, see Rousselot press release, February 1962, in FCW, Box 18/“Congressional Contacts”; GRR, March 16, 1964; and Janson and Eismann,
The Far Right,
101. For “Committee for Public Morality” and “Stay America,” see pamphlets in Radical Right Collection, Box 9, HI.

153 For the beginning of Buckley and Welch's relationship, see John B. Judis,
William F. Buckley, Jr.: Patron Saint of the Conservatives
(New York: Touchstone, 1990), 193; and, for
The Politician,
NR, April 22, 1961.
“If you were smart”:
Robert Alan Goldberg,
Barry Goldwater
(New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1995), 137.

154 For the Pasternak affair, see Buckley to Welch, March 17, 1959, Welch to Buckley, March 18, 1959; and, for the donor, Carpenter to NR, April 21, 1959, and Buckley to Carpenter, May 5, 1959, all in WFBJ, Box 9. See also Gerald Schomp,
Birchism Was My Business
(New York: Macmillan, 1970), 121.

154
“There now exists”:
Lisa McGirr, “Suburban Warriors: Grass-Roots Conservatism in the 1960s” (Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1995), 158.

154 The editorial office debates, and Rusher and Buckley quotes, are in Judis,
William F. Buckley,
195-96.

154 For YAF faction fight, see Gregory L. Schneider,
Cadres for Conservatism: Young Americans for Freedom and the Rise of the Contemporary Right
(New York: NYU Press, 1999), 41-45.

155 For the Madison NSA incursion, see Dan Wakefield,
Mademoiselle,
June 1963; Steven U. Roberts, “Image on the Right,”
The Nation,
May 19, 1962; and Edward Cain,
They'd Rather Be Right: Youth and the Conservative Movement
(New York: Macmillan, 1963), 264.

156
Howard Phillips had raised:
author interview with Howard Phillips.

156 Palm Beach meeting: Judis,
William F. Buckley,
198; and author interview with William F. Buckley.

156 The Reuther memo is reprinted as an appendix to Reuther,
The Brothers Reuther. Another White House report:
Andrew,
Other Side of the Sixties,
166. For Group Research Inc., see GRR, especially October 29, 1964, 77-78, for an example of guilt by association with John Birch Society; also author interview with Wes McCune.

157 For the growth of BMG's column, see Goldberg,
Barry Goldwater,
142.

 

158
The debt from the Nixon campaign:
“GOP Hoping Dinners Will Erase Debt,” WP, January 16, 1964, A19.
Every Friday night:
Arthur Schlesinger Jr., ed.,
History of American Presidential Elections, 1798-1968,
vol. 4 (New York: Chelsea House, 1971), 3008; and author interview with Ryan Hayes.
“Not this corner”:
John B. Judis,
William F. Buckley, Jr.: Patron Saint of the Conservatives
(New York: Touchstone, 1990), 170. For economic projections for 1962 and the Eisenhower years: John J. Lindsay, “The '62 Legislative Outlook,”
The Nation,
January 1, 1962; and Robert M. Collins, “Growth Liberalism in the Sixties: Great Societies at Home and Grand Designs Abroad,” in David Farber, ed.,
The Sixties: From Memory to History
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994).
A program to sell:
John Kessel,
The Goldwater Coalition: Republican Strategies in 1964
(Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1968), 125.

158
“When a composite”:
John Andrew III,
The Other Side of the Sixties: Young Americans for Freedom and the Rise of Conservative Politics
(New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1997), 40. For the Chicago banquet, see George B. Russell,
J. Bracken Lee: The Taxpayer's Champion
(New York: Robert Spellers and Sons, 1961), 154. My interpretation of liberal capitalism and the founding of the Republican Party is from Malcolm Moos,
The Republicans: A History of Their Party
(New York: Random House, 1956), 30; and Milton Viorst,
Fall from Grace: The Republican Party and the Puritan Ethic
(New York: New American Library, 1968), 37.

158 My sense of the development of the sectional split is from Nicol C. Rae,
The Decline and Fall of the Liberal Republicans: From 1952 to the Present
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1989).

159
If you want to live:
E. J. Dionne Jr.,
Why Americans Hate Politics
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1991), 79.
Registered Democrats outnumbered:
Richard Nixon,
RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon,
vol. 1 (New York: Warner Books, 1978), 265; David M. Kennedy,
Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 472. For Willkie's rise, see Donald Bruce Johnson,
The Republican Party and Wendell Willkie
(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1960). For synthetic telegram campaign, see Rae,
Decline and Fall,
31.

160 For the 1952 convention “steal,” see James T. Patterson,
Mr. Republican:
A
Biography of Robert Taft
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1972), 547-66.

160
“The Republican Party is just”:
Paul Tillett, ed.,
Inside Politics: The National Conventions, 1960
(Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Oceana Publications, 1962), 133.

160 For the January 1962 RNC meeting and the urban precinct strategy, see Robert Novak,
The Agony of the GOP 1964
(New York: Macmillan, 1965), 53-65.

160 JFK quote on “great passionate movements”: Dionne,
Why Americans Hate Politics,
177.

160 For Hinman, see Stephen Shadegg,
What Happened to Goldwater?: The Inside Story of the 1964 Republican Campaign
(New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1965), 58. For courting of conservatives, see Novak,
Agony of the GOP,
46.

161 For NAR's appearance in Des Moines, see Novak, 66.

161 For breakfasts, see Novak, 74-75.

161
“I have no plans for it”:
“Salesman for a Cause,”
Time,
June 23, 1961.

161 For Shadegg, Milliken, and Cotton begging him to run, see F. Clifton White with William Gill,
Suite 3505: The Story of the Draft Goldwater Movement
(New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1967), 26.

161 For BMG cruise, see Shadegg,
What Happened,
47; and Novak,
Agony of the GOP,
46, 72, 102.

162
“He's not really such”:
ibid., 74.
Though in private he complained:
Ralph de Toledano,
The Winning Side: The Case for Goldwater Republicanism
(New York: MacFadden-Bartel, 1963), 131.

162 For Viguerie hiring I rely on F. Clifton White,
Why Reagan Won: The Conservative Movement, 1964-1981
(Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 1981), 74; Marvin Liebman,
Coming Out Conservative: An Autobiography
(San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1992), 153; Gregory Schneider,
Cadres for Conservatism: Young Americans for Freedom and the Rise of the Contemporary Right
(New York: NYU Press, 1999), 43; and author interview with Richard Viguerie (for Liebman quote).

163 Rally planning: Liebman,
Coming Out Conservative,
154; Edward Cain,
They'd Rather Be Right: Youth and the Conservative Movement
(New York: Macmillan, 1963), 173; Dodd to Liebman, January 25, 1962, Liebman to Dodd, February 18, 1962, and Dodd to Liebman, March 14, 1962, all in ML, Box 6/Dodd, Thomas J.; and “Talk by Walker Cancelled Here,” NYT, February 13, 1962; and
Time,
March 16, 1962.

163 For Tshombe: James A. Bill,
George Ball: Behind the Scenes in U.S. Foreign Policy
(New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1997), 137-50; Andrew,
Other Side of the Sixties,
138-39; Cain,
They'd Rather Be Right,
173; and Viguerie interview.

163 For counter-rally description: author interview with Steve Max. For rally:
Time,
March 16, 1962; “Gnostics at the Garden,”
Commonweal,
March 30, 1962; NR, March 27, 1962; Cain,
They'd Rather Be Right,
173; Lee Edwards,
Goldwater: The Man Who Made a Revolution
(Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 1995), 159; Richard Whalen,
Taking Sides: A Personal View of America from Kennedy to Nixon to Kennedy
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1974); Peter Kihss, “18,000 Rightists Rally at the Garden,” NYT, March 8, 1962, A1; and author interviews with William Schulz, Richard Viguerie, and Carol Dawson. For Tower Senate election and Steve Shadegg, see
Arizona Journal,
March 29, 1962.

164
The next morning the New York Times:
NYT, March 8, 1962.

165 Nixon's temptation to run, and Weinberger quote, are in Kurt Schuparra,
Triumph of the Right: The Rise of the California Conservative Movement, 1945-1966
(Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1998), 61. His decision, and long-term strategy, are in Nixon,
RN,
194-95.

165 For Shell, see Schuparra,
Triumph of the Right,
61-65. The 2 percent figure is on page 68.

165 My interpretation of the importance of California's weak party system is from Theodore H. White,
The Making of the President 1964
(New York: Atheneum, 1965), 143-44. In 1959 the the system was further loosened to allow cross-filing, which was instrumental in weakening moderate Republican control. See Lisa McGirr, “Suburban Warriors: Grass-Roots Conservatism in the 1960s” (Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1995), 141.

165 For the LACYR rejection of Nixon, see Leonard Nadasdy to various, November 13, 1961, LN (for “galloping socialism” quote); Schuparra,
Triumph of the Right,
66; NYT, May 3, 1964; and McGirr, “Suburban Warriors,” 146.
The movement that swept Gaston:
author interview with Robert Gaston.