Before the Storm (105 page)

87
Point nine would also, added Louisiana's flamboyant Tom Stagg:
Tillet,
Inside Politics,
66; White,
Making of the President 1960,
203.

87 On DDE's consternation, see White,
Making of the President 1960,
218-19.
He called Nixon in Washington:
White,
Making of the President 1960,
224.

88
One of the aides Nixon brought:
author interview with Charles Lichenstein.

88 For NAR's Liberty Baptist Church appearance, see NYT, July 25, 1960, A16.

88 For platform committee chaos, see Tillett,
Inside Politics,
76-79; White,
Making of the President 1960,
219-20 (placard quote on 220); and White with Gill,
Suite 3505,
21 (for Barnes story).

89
“I've heard enough rumors”: Time,
August 8, 1960.
“We can't expect to come here”: Life,
November 1, 1963.

89
“Get me three hundred names ”:
White,
Making of the President 1964,
112. See also White with Gill,
Suite 3505,
22; and Shadegg,
What Happened,
32 (for “political neck” quote).

90 For Nixon's Monday arrival, see “Nixon Says Rights Plank Must Be Made Stronger,” NYT, July 26, 1960.

90
“I believe it is essential”
: ibid.

90 For Nixon lobbying, see NYT, “Nixon Says Rights Plank”; White,
Making of the President 1960,
223; and Edwards,
Goldwater,
137.

91 For BMG speech Monday night, see Andrew,
Other Side of the Sixties,
51.

91 For negotiations with DDE, see White,
Making of the President 1960,
224.

91
“Was it the Republicans who”
: ibid., 225.

91
“NIXON SAYS RIGHTS PLANK”
: NYT, July 26, 1960. Platform Committee's final session: Tillett,
Inside Politics,
80-82; Edward G. Carmines and James A. Stimson,
Issue Evolution: Race and the Transformation of American Politics
(New Brunswick, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1989), 39 (for final platform language); and Lichenstein interview.

91 For the honoring of the Eisenhowers, DDE speech, and E. Frederic Morrow, see Taylor Branch,
Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954-1963
(New York: Touchstone, 1988), 321-23.

92
“All right. You go out”
: Edwards,
Goldwater,
136.

92
“We were instructed”:
Shadegg,
What Happened,
32.

92
“You aren't going to let”
: author interview with Richard Kleindienst.

92 For the preparation of BMG's withdrawal speech, see Shadegg,
What Happened,
33; Edwards,
Goldwater,
137; and Richard Kleindienst,
Justice: The Memoirs of an Attorney General
(Ottawa, Ill.: Jameson Books, 1985), 26. For BMG meeting with young backers, see SLPD, January 4, 1964; and (for quote)
Time,
June 23, 1961.

92 Nixon's acceptance speech: White,
Making of the President 1960,
227.

93 BMG demonstration: Edwards,
Goldwater,
138;
Life,
November 11, 1963; Schlafly interview.

93 BMG's withdrawal is printed in full in James M. Perry,
A Report in Depth on Barry Goldwater: The Story of the 1964 Republican Presidential Nominee
(Silver Spring, Md.: National Observer, 1964), 84-85. It can be seen in part on A&E Television Network,
Barry Goldwater: The Conscience of Conservatives
(1996, cat. no. AAE-14345).

95
“That son of a bitch”:
Liebman,
Coming Out Conservative,
159.

 

99 JFK inaugural address: PPP: JFK, 1.

100 DDE farewell address: PPP: DDE, 1035-40.

100 On CIA complicity in the Lumumba assassination, see U.S. Congress,
Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities,
Frank Church, chair, final report,
Congressional Record,
1976. Khrushchev speech, quoted in Francis X. Winters,
The Year of the Hare: America in Vietnam, January
25,
1963-February 15, 1964
(Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1997), 8. On broken arrows, see John May,
The Greenpeace Book of the Nuclear Age: The Hidden History, the Human Cost
(New York: Pantheon, 1990), 140; and Robert C. Williams and Philip L. Cantelon, eds.,
The American Atom: A Documentary History of Nuclear Policies from the Discovery of Fission to the Present, 1939-1984
(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1991), 239-43.

101 The Rutgers showing of
Operation Abolition
is described in Dan Wakefield, “Un-Americanism Plays the Colleges,”
The Nation,
January 28, 1961.
“The Communist Party itself”
: House Committee on Un-American Activities, “The Truth about the Film ‘Operation Abolition,' ” supplemental report to House report no. 2228, Eighty-sixth Congress, Second Session, in JCJ.

101 The Bay Area and Berkeley roots of
Operation Abolition
are covered in David Lance Goines,
The Free Speech Movement: Coming of Age in the 1960s
(Berkeley, Calif.: Ten Speed Press, 1993), 68; Milton Viorst,
Fire in the Streets: America in the 1960s
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1979), 168; Max Heirich,
The Spiral of Conflict: Berkeley, 1964
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1968), 78-94; and
The Nation,
January 28, 1961. The Air Force training manual incident is described in Walter Goodman,
The Committee: The Extraordinary Career of the House Committee on Un-American Activities
(New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1968), 405; quote can be found at
http://mag-net.com/~maranath/rsv.htm
.

102 The showdown at City Hall is described in Heirich,
Spiral of Conflict,
81.

102 Production described in HUAC, “The Truth about ‘Operation Abolition,' ” content and distortions are described in Bay Area Student Committee for the Abolition of the House Committee on Un-American Activities, “In Search of Truth: An Analysis of the HCUA Propaganda Film ‘Operation Abolition,' ” both in JCJ.

102
Communist Target-Youth
is available from International Historic Films, Chicago.
Operation Abolition's
distribution: NR, July 28, 1961.

103
A history professor
: John Higham, “The Cult of American Consensus: Homogenizing Our History,”
Commentary
27 (1959); and author interview with John Higham.

104 For Liebman biography, see Marvin Liebman,
Coming Out Conservative: An Autobiography
(San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1992).

104 For the Committee of One Million, see Harry W. Ernst, “Behind the Handout Curtain,”
The Nation,
March 17, 1962, which strenuously debunks Liebman's claim. For another typical Liebman product, see the full-page ad for “Fighting Aces for Goldwater,” NYT, October 28, 1964.

105 The call to Sharon is in John A. Andrew III,
The Other Side of the Sixties: Young Americans for Freedom and the Rise of Conservative Politics
(New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1997), 55.

105 Hungary as a spur to conservative activism: author interviews with Tom Pauken and M. Stanton Evans; Nick Salvatore, “You Say You Want a Revolution?,”
The Bookpress,
September 1997; and Liebman,
Coming Out Conservative,
113-16.

105
They read schoolboy equivalents:
James Michener,
The Bridge at Andau
(New York: Bantam Books, 1957), Catholic Digest Book Club edition; Thomas Dooley,
Deliver Us from Evil: The True Story of Vietnam's Flight to Freedom
(New York: Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, 1956); and Whittaker Chambers,
Witness
(New York: Random House, 1952). Lionization of JFK at parochial schools: author interview with John Savage. For young people who became conservatives in reaction against urban Democratic machine corruption, I rely on Samuel G. Freedman,
The Inheritance: How Three Families and the American Political Majority Moved from Left to Right
(New York: Touchstone, 1996), 188—89; and author interviews with Henry Geier and Patricia Geier.

106 Sharon Conference: Gregory Schneider,
Cadres for Conservatism: Young Americans for Freedom and the Rise of the Contemporary Right
(New York: NYU Press, 1999), 31-37; Andrew,
Other Side of the Sixties,
55-60; Liebman,
Coming Out Conservative,
151; Lee Edwards, “Rebels with a Cause,” in Lee and Anne Edwards,
You Can Make the Difference
(Westport, Conn.: Arlington House, 1980), 240-52; and author interviews with M. Stanton Evans, Lee Edwards, Howard Phillips, Scott Stanley, and Carol Dawson.

106 Sharon statement reprinted in Andrew,
Other Side of the Sixties,
221-22. Debate over including God is in Schneider,
Cadres for Conservatism,
34; for the discussion on the name: ibid., 36; Marvin Kitman, “New Wave from the Right,”
The New Leader,
September 18, 1961; and Phillips and Edwards interviews. American Youth for Democracy: David A. Horowitz,
Beyond Left and Right: Insurgency and the Establishment
(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1997), 192. A similar debate ensued at the founding of Americans for Democratic Action—after John Kenneth Galbraith's idea to call the new group the Liberal Union. Galbraith “Dear Friend” fund-raising letter to author, July 20, 1998.

106 For Schuchman and board of directors: Schneider,
Cadres for Conservatism,
36-37. For Bronx Science students at von Mises's lectures: Richard Whalen,
Taking Sides: A Personal View of America from Kennedy to Nixon to Kennedy
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1974), 113; and author interviews with M. Stanton Evans and William Schulz.
“Ten years ago”
: William F. Buckley, “Young Americans for Freedom,” NR, September 24, 1960.

107 YAF office, and original membership claim, is described in
The New Leader,
September 18, 1961. For the first YAF wedding, see Robert E. Bauman,
The Gentleman from Maryland: The Conscience of a Gay Conservative
(New York: Arbor House, 1986), 95.

107
The February 10 Time:
“Campus Conservatives,”
Time,
February 10, 1961.
Time didn't notice:
Howard Phillips interview. For the Yale chapter's Cuba petition, see ML, Box 37/98; for Polaris march, Tom Hayden, “Who Are the Student Boatrockers?,”
Mademoiselle,
August 1961.

108
YAF soon reported 24,000 members: The Nation,
May 27, 1961.
“You walk around with”: Time,
February 10, 1961. McCarthy-Evjue lectures: David Keene to author, April 29, 1997. For the University of Wisconsin's left-wing culture, see Paul Buhle,
History and the New Left: Madison, Wisconsin, 1950-1970
(Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1990), 111, 138, and passim.

108
The pages of the Conservative Club's handsomely produced: Insight and Outlook,
October 1961, AC.

108
In February YAF published:
Raymond Moley, “Youth Turns to Right,”
Newsweek,
March 13, 1961.
“A flock of little Buckleys”
: E. J. Dionne Jr.,
Why Americans Hate Politics
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1991), 176.
They read twice as much:
Edwards interview.
The Michigan Daily:
January 1962 YAF newsletter cited in Matthew Dallek, “Young Americans for Freedom, 1960-1964” (master's thesis, Columbia University, 1991). Various numbers are given for SDS's membership in 1961. Nick Salvatore, “You Say You Want a Revolution?,” has it at 75; James Miller,
Democracy Is in the Streets: From Port Huron to the Siege of Chicago
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1994), 65, gives the number in the fall of 1961 as 575.

108
YAF's Greater New York Council:
Edward Cain,
They'd Rather Be Right: Youth and the Conservative Movement
(New York: Macmillan, 1963), 17, 171, 256 (which gives a membership figure of 2,200); Schneider,
Cadres for Conservatism,
38, which claims YAF had sixty chapters in New York and New Jersey; “Breaking the Liberal Barrier,”
New Guard,
March 1961; Noel Parmentel, “The Acne and the Ecstasy,”
Esquire,
August 1962; Dan Wakefield,
New York in the Fifties
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1992), 269-73 (for White Horse anecdote);
New Leader,
September 18, 1961 (for quote about picketing); and author interview with Don Devine.

109 Manhattan Center rally: Robert Conley, “3,200 at Rally Here Acclaim Goldwater,” NYT, March 3, 1961: Cain,
They'd Rather Be Right,
172; William Dunphy, “The YAF's Are Coming,”
Commonweal,
April 14, 1961;
New Leader,
September 18, 1961; and Murray Kempton, “Growing Up Absurd,”
The Progressive,
May 1961. Counterprotest:
The Nation,
May 27, 1961, and NYT, March 3, 1961.

109 For NSA, see Cain,
They'd Rather Be Right,
261-62; Taylor Branch,
Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1963-1965
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1998), 273; Alan Brinkley, “Allard Lowenstein and the Ordeal of Liberalism,” in Brinkley,
Liberalism and Its Discontents
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1998), 237-48; and Nan Robertson, “A Press Release Tells Story Different from Accounts Given by Students,” NYT, May 15, 1962.

109 Incursion at “Youth Service Abroad”: Cain,
They'd Rather Be Right,
171; and Hayden, “Who Are the Student Boatrockers?”
“We must assume that the conservative”: The Progressive,
May 1961.

110
The day Young Americans for Freedom rallied:
“The Americanists,”
Time,
March 10, 1961.