Bold (46 page)

Google Lunar XPRIZE,
139
,
249

Googleplex,
134

Google+,
185
,
190
,
202

GoogleX,
81
,
82
,
83
,
139

Google Zeitgeist,
136

Gossamer Condor,
263

Gou, Terry,
62

graphic designers, in crowdfunding campaigns,
193

Green, Hank,
180
,
200

Grepper, Ryan,
210
,
211
–13

Grishin, Dmitry,
62

Grishin Robotics,
62

group flow,
91
–93

Gulf Coast oil spill (2010),
250
,
251
,
253

Gulf of Mexico,
250
,
251

hackathons,
159

hacker spaces,
62
,
64

Hagel, John, III,
86
,
106
–7

HAL (fictional AI system),
52
,
53

Hallowell, Ned,
88

Hariri, Robert,
65
,
66

Harrison, John,
245
,
247
,
267

Hawking, Stephen,
110
–12

Hawley, Todd,
100
,
103
,
104
,
107
,
114
n

Hayabusa mission,
97

health care,
x
,
245

AI's impact on,
57
,
276

behavior tracking in,
47

crowdsourcing projects in,
227
,
253

medical manufacturing in,
34
–35

robotics in,
62

3–D printing's impact on,
34
–35

Heath, Dan and Chip,
248

Heinlein, Robert,
114
n

Hendy, Barry,
12

Hendy's law,
12

HeroX,
257
–58,
262
,
263
,
265
,
267
,
269
,
299
n

Hessel, Andrew,
63
,
64

Hinton, Geoffrey,
58

Hoffman, Reid,
77
,
231

Hollywood,
151
–52

hosting platforms,
20
–21

Howard, Jeremy,
54

Howe, Jeff,
144

Hseih, Tony,
80

Hughes, Jack,
152
,
225
–27,
254

Hull, Charles,
29
–30,
32

Human Longevity, Inc. (HLI),
65
–66

Hyatt Hotels Corporation,
20

IBM,
56
,
57
,
59
,
76

ImageNet Competition (2012),
55

image recognition,
55
,
58

Immelt, Jeff,
225

incentive competitions,
xiii
,
22
,
139
,
148
,
152
–54,
159
,
160
,
237
,
240
,
242
,
243
–73

addressing market failures with,
264
–65,
269
,
272

back-end business models in,
249
,
265
,
268

benefits of,
258
–61

case studies of,
250
–58

collaborative spirit in,
255
,
260
–61

crowdsourcing in designing of,
257
–58

factors influencing success of,
245
–47

false wins in,
268
,
269
,
271

“flash prizes” in,
250

global participation in,
267

innovation driven by,
245
,
247
,
248
,
249
,
252
,
258
–59,
260
,
261

intellectual property (IP) in,
262
,
267
–68,
271

intrinsic rewards in,
254
,
255

judging in,
273

key parameters for designing of,
263
–68

launching of new industries with,
260
,
268
,
272

Master Team Agreements in,
273

media exposure in,
265
,
266
,
272
,
273

MTP and passion as important in,
248
,
249
,
255
,
263
,
265
,
270

operating costs of,
271
,
272
–73

principal motivators in,
254
,
262
–63

purses in,
265
,
266
,
270
,
273

reasons for effectiveness of,
247
–49

risk taking in,
247
,
248
–49,
261
,
270

setting rules in,
263
,
268
,
269
,
271
,
273

small teams as ideal in,
262

step-by-step guide to,
269
–73

telegenic finishes in,
266
,
272
,
273

time limits in,
249
,
267
,
271
–72

XPRIZE,
see
XPRIZE competitions

Indian Motorcycle company,
222

Indian Space Research Organization,
102

Indiegogo,
145
,
173
,
175
,
178
,
179
,
184
,
185
–86,
187
,
190
,
199
,
205
,
206
,
257

infinite computing,
21
,
24
,
41
,
48
–52,
61
,
66

entrepreneurial opportunities and,
50
–52

information:

crowdsourcing platforms in gathering of,
145
–46,
154
–56,
157
,
159
–60,
220
–21,
228

in data-driven crowdfunding campaigns,
207
–10,
213

networks and sensors in garnering of,
42
–43,
44
,
47
,
48
,
256

science,
64

see also
data mining

Inman, Matthew,
178
,
192
,
193
,
200

innovation,
8
,
30
,
56
,
137
,
256

companies resistant to,
xi
,
9
–10,
12
,
15
,
23
,
76

crowdsourcing and,
see
crowdsourcing

as disruptive technology,
9
–10

feedback loops in fostering of,
28
,
77
,
83
,
84
,
86
,
87
,
90
–91,
92
,
120
,
176

Google's eight principles of,
84
–85

incentive competitions in driving of,
245
,
247
,
248
,
249
,
252
,
258
–59,
260
,
261

infinite computing as new approach to,
51

power of constraints and,
248
–49,
259

rate of, in online communities,
216
,
219
,
224
,
225
,
228
,
233
,
237

setting big goals for,
74
–75,
78
,
79
,
80
,
82
–83,
84
,
85
,
87
,
89
–90,
92
,
93
,
103

skunk methodology in fostering of,
71
–87,
88
;
see also
skunk methodology

inPulse,
176
,
200

Instagram,
15
–16,
16

insurance companies,
47

Intel,
7

intellectual property (IP),
262
,
267
–68,
271

INTELSAT,
102

Intel Science and Engineering Fair,
65

International Manufacturing Technology Show,
33

International Space Station (ISS),
35
–36,
37
,
97
,
119

International Space University (ISU),
96
,
100
–104,
107
–8

Founding Conference of,
102
,
103

Internet,
8
,
14
,
39
,
41
,
45
,
49
,
50
,
117
,
118
,
119
,
132
,
136
,
143
,
144
,
153
,
154
,
163
,
177
,
207
,
208
,
209
,
212
,
216
,
217
,
228

building communities on,
see
communities, online

crowd tools on,
see
crowdfunding, crowdfunding campaigns; crowdsourcing

development of,
27

explosion of connectivity to,
42
,
46
,
46
,
146
,
147
,
245

mainstreaming of,
27
,
32
,
33

reputation economics and,
217
–19,
230
,
232
,
236
–37

Internet-of-Things (IoT),
46
,
47
,
53

intrinsic rewards,
79
,
254
,
255

Invisalign,
34
–35

iPads,
42
,
57
,
167

iPhones,
12
,
42
,
62
,
176

iPod,
17
,
18
,
178

iRobot,
60

Iron Man
,
52
–53,
117

Ismail, Salim,
xiv
,
15
,
77
,
92

isolation, innovation and,
72
,
76
,
78
,
79
,
81
–82,
257

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency,
97

JARVIS (fictional AI system),
52
–53,
58
,
59
,
146

Jeopardy
,
56
,
57

Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL),
99

Jobs, Steve,
xiv
,
23
,
66
–67,
72
,
89
,
111
,
123

Johnson, Carolyn,
227

Johnson, Clarence “Kelly,”
71
,
74
,
75

skunk work rules of,
74
,
75
–76,
77
,
81
,
84
,
247

Joy, Bill,
216
,
256

Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act (2012),
171
,
173

Kaggle,
160
,
161

Kahneman, Daniel,
78
,
121

Kaku, Michio,
49

Kauffman, Stuart,
276

Kaufman, Ben,
17
–20

Kay, Alan,
114
n

Kemmer, Aaron,
35
,
36
,
37

Kickstarter,
145
,
171
,
173
,
175
,
176
,
179
–80,
182
,
184
,
190
,
191
,
193
,
195
,
197
,
200
,
205
,
206

Kindle,
132

Kiva.org
,
144
–45,
172

Klein, Candace,
19
–20,
171

Klein, Joshua,
217
–18,
221

Klout,
218

Kodak Corporation,
4
–8,
9
–10,
11
,
12
,
20

Apparatus Division of,
4

bankruptcy of,
10
,
16

digital camera developed by,
4
–5,
5
,
9

as innovation resistant,
9
–10,
12
,
15
,
76

market dominance of,
5
–6,
13
–14

Kotler, Steven,
xi
,
xiii
,
xv
,
87
,
279

Krieger, Mike,
15

Kubrick, Stanley,
52

Kurzweil, Ray,
53
,
54
,
58
,
59

language translators,
137
–38

crowdsourcing projects of,
145
,
155
–56

Latham, Gary,
74
–75,
103

Law of Niches,
221
,
223
,
228
,
231

leadership:

importance of vision in,
23
–24

moral,
274
–76