Churchill's Empire: The World That Made Him and the World He Made (61 page)

46
Woods,
Young Winston’s Wars
, p. 65 (despatch of 16 Oct. 1897).

47
Review of
The Story of the Malakand Field Force
,
United Service Gazette
, Broadwater Collection.

48
WSC to Lady Randolph, 21 Oct. [1897], CV I, part 2, p. 807. Martin Gilbert creates a misleading impression by quoting only the part from ‘Financially’ to ‘blunder’:
Churchill’s Political Philosophy
, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1981, p. 9.

49
WSC to Lady Randolph, [2 Nov.] 1897, CV I, part 2, p. 814.

50
WSC to Lord William Beresford, 2 Nov. [1897], ibid., p. 821.

51
WSC,
Story of the Malakand Field Force
, p. 150.

52
Ibid., pp. 213–15.

53
‘Impressions of Books’,
Daily Mail
, 15 March 1898; Review of
The Story of the Malakand Field Force
,
Outlook
, 26 March 1898. The latter is in the Broadwater Collection.

54
Review of
The Story of the Malakand Field Force
,
United Service Gazette
, Broadwater Collection.

55
‘With Sir Bindon Blood’,
Pall Mall Gazette
, 18 March 1898, Broadwater Collection.

56
Review of
The Story of the Malakand Field Force
,
Review of Reviews
, April 1898, Broadwater Collection.

57
‘Indian Frontier Warfare’,
Daily News
, 14 March 1898, Broadwater Collection.

58
Review of
The Story of the Malakand Field Force
,
Scotsman
, 17 March 1898, Broadwater Collection.

59
‘The Riddle of the Frontier’,
Times of India
, 5 May 1898, Broadwater Collection.

60
Lovat Fraser, ‘Winston as War Lord’,
Sunday Pictorial
, 15 April 1923. Emphasis in original.

61
WSC, ‘The Ethics of Frontier Policy’,
United Service Magazine
, Aug. 1898, in
The Collected Essays of Sir Winston Churchill
, ed. Michael Wolff, Library of Imperial History, London, 1976, vol. I, p. 34.

62
WSC to Ian Hamilton, [?18 April 1898], CV I, part 2, p. 912.

63
WSC,
My Early Life
, p. 179.

64
Parliamentary Debates, House of Lords, 4th Series, vol. 53, 8 Feb. 1898, col. 42. Similarly, see ‘Mr [Arthur] Balfour in Manchester’,
The Times
, 11 Jan. 1898.

65
‘Banquet at the Guildhall’,
The Times
, 10 Nov. 1888.

66
Churchill offered a very slight variant on Salisbury’s words as reported in
The Times
, and misdated the speech to 1892.

67
‘Lord G. Hamilton on India’,
The Times
, 11 Nov. 1897.

68
‘Sir H. H. Fowler on India’,
The Times
, 22 Nov. 1897.

69
Ian Hamilton,
Listening for the Drums
, Faber & Faber, London, 1944, pp. 238–9.

70
WSC to Lady Randolph, 19 Jan. 1898, CV I, part 2, p. 860.

71
George H. Cassar, ‘Hamilton, Sir Ian Standish Monteith (1853–1947)’,
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
, Oxford University Press, Sept. 2004; online edition, May 2006 [
http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/33668
, accessed 17 Oct. 2007]; Ian B. M. Hamilton,
The Happy Warrior: A Life of General Sir Ian Hamilton
, Cassell, London, 1966, p. 458.

72
WSC,
My Early Life
, pp. 172–3; Hamilton,
Listening for the Drums
, p. 239.

73
Aylmer Haldane,
A Soldier’s Saga
, William Blackwood & Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1948, p. 119.

74
WSC to Lady Randolph, 7 March [1898], CV I, part 2, p. 886.

75
WSC to Lady Randolph, 18 and 31 March [1898], ibid., pp. 891, 908.

76
Haldane,
A Soldier’s Saga
, pp. 119–20.

77
Hamilton,
Listening for the Drums
, p. 237.

78
Ibid., p. 239.

79
Haldane,
A Soldier’s Saga
, p. 120.

80
WSC,
My Early Life
, p. 174.

81
‘Eyewitness’, ‘The Tirah Campaign’,
Fortnightly Review
, 375 (1 March 1898), pp. 390–400.

82
WSC,
My Early Life
, pp. 174–5; WSC to Lady Randolph, 31 March [1898], CV I, part 2, p. 908.

83
WSC, ‘The Tirah Campaign’, 30 March 1898, published in
The Times
, 3 May 1898, reproduced in CV I, part 2, pp. 903–6.

84
Westminster Gazette
, 3 May 1898, Broadwater Collection. See also the
Critic
, 14 May 1898, and ‘Comments’,
Broad Arrow
, 7 May 1898.

85
Peter Clark, ‘The Battle of Omdurman in the Context of Sudanese History’, in Edward M. Spiers (ed.),
Sudan: The Reconquest Reappraised
, Frank Cass, London, 1998, pp. 203–21, at 210–11; ’Ismat Hasan Zulfo,
Karari: The Sudanese Account of the Battle of Omdurman
, Frederick Warne, London, 1980, p. 27.

86
Woods,
Young Winston’s Wars
, p. 136 (despatch of 12 Sept. 1898).

87
Clark, ‘The Battle of Omdurman’, p. 208.

88
Woods,
Young Winston’s Wars
, p. 136 (despatch of 12 Sept. 1898).

89
See Spiers (ed.),
Sudan
, and also Terje Tvedt,
The River Nile in the Age of the British: Political Ecology and the Quest for Economic Power
, I. B. Tauris, London, 2004, ch. 1.

90
‘Lord Kimberley on Foreign Affairs’,
The Times
, 28 Feb. 1898; ‘Lord Herschell at Brighton’,
The Times
, 1 March 1898.

91
WSC,
The River War: An Historical Account of the Reconquest of the Sudan
, 2 vols, Longmans, Green & Co., London, 1899, vol. I, p. 277.

92
G. W. Steevens,
With Kitchener to Khartum
, Thomas Nelson & Sons, London, n.d. (first published 1898), p. 72.

93
Ian F. W. Beckett, ‘Kitchener and the Politics of Command’, in Spiers,
Sudan
, pp. 35–53, at 42.

94
Matthews, ‘Heralds’, p. 149.

95
H. L. Mencken,
Newspaper Days, 1899–1906
(1942), p. 12n, quoted ibid., p. 155.

96
WSC,
My Early Life
, p. 227.

97
Roger T. Stearn, ‘G. W. Steevens and the Message of Empire’,
Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History
, 17 (1989), pp. 210–31, at 225 and 231, n. 139.

98
WSC,
My Early Life
, pp. 227–8. G. W. Steevens, ‘From the New Gibbon’,
Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine
, 165 (1899), pp. 241–9.

99
G. W. Steevens, ‘The Youngest Man in Europe’ (first published in the
Daily Mail
, 2 Dec. 1898), in Charles Eade (ed.),
Churchill, By His Contemporaries
, Reprint Society, London, 1955 (first published 1953), pp. 34–7.

100
For some perceptive observations, making the case in Churchill’s favour, see ‘The Historian of This War’,
Toronto Daily Star
, 31 March 1900.

101
Woods,
Young Winston’s Wars
, p. 278 (despatch of 10 March 1900).

102
WSC to Lady Randolph, 4 & 17 Sept. 1898, CV I, part 2, pp. 974, 982.

103
Zulfo,
Karari
, p. 94.

104
Michael Asher,
Khartoum: The Ultimate Imperial Adventure
, Penguin, London, 2006 (first published 2005), p. 401.

105
Clive Ponting,
Churchill
, Sinclair-Stevenson, London, 1994, p. 29.

106
Woods,
Young Winston’s Wars
, p. 112 (despatch of 6 Sept. 1898); WSC,
My Early Life
, pp. 203–10; WSC,
River War
, vol. II, pp. 138, 142–3.

107
WSC to Lady Randolph, 10 Aug. 1898, CV I, part 2, p. 963.

108
WSC to Lady Randolph, 4 Sept. 1898 and WSC to Ian Hamilton, 16 Sept. 1898, ibid., pp. 973, 978.

109
WSC to Lady Randolph, 17 Sept. 1898, ibid., p. 981.

110
John Pollock,
Kitchener
, Constable, London, 1998, p. 132.

111
Steevens,
With Kitchener
, pp. 344–5.

112
Woods,
Young Winston’s Wars
, p. 133 (despatch of 11 Sept. 1898).

113
Keith Wilson, ‘Young Winston’s Addisonian Conceit: A Note on the “War on the Nile” Letters’, in Spiers,
Sudan
, pp. 223–8, at 227.