Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China (151 page)

45.
Memcon, Summary of Secretary Vance's Meeting with Foreign Minister Huang Hua, 10/3/78, vertical file, China, Jimmy Carter Library.

46.
Ross,
Negotiating Cooperation
, pp. 134–136.

47.
Interview with Stapleton Roy.

48.
Robert D. Novak,
The Prince of Darkness: 50 Years Reporting in Washington
(New York: Crown Forum, 2007), pp. 324–332;
DXPWJHD
, November 27, 1978.

49.
Leonard Woodcock to Cyrus Vance and Zbigniew Brzezinski, “Sixth Session: December 4 Meeting with Han Nianlong,” Brzezinski Collection, Alpha box 9 cont. [12/78–1/79], docs. 3A, 4A, 5, and 6, Jimmy Carter Library.

50.
Ross,
Negotiating Cooperation
, pp. 136–137.

51.
Solomon,
U.S.-PRC Political Negotiations, 1967–1984
, p. 71; ibid., pp. 136–137.

52.
Leonard Woodcock to Cyrus Vance and Zbigniew Brzezinski, “My Meeting with Teng Xiaoping December 13,” Vertical File, China, box 40, Jimmy Carter Library.

53.
Ibid.

54.
LWMOT, tape 19, p. 8.

55.
Leonard Woodcock to Cyrus Vance and Zbigniew Brzezinski, “To the White House Immediate,” 12/14/78, vertical file, China, box 40, Jimmy Carter Library.

56.
Ibid.

57.
LWMOT, tape 18, p. 28.

58.
Cable, Woodcock to Vance and Brzezinski, 12/15/78, “Full Transcript of December 15 Meeting with Teng,” vertical file, China, box 40, Jimmy Carter Library.

59.
Ibid.

60.
This comment and all other quotes from the meeting are from Leonard Woodcock to Cyrus Vance and Zbigniew Brzezinski, “Full Transcript of December 15 meeting with Teng,” 12/15/78, vertical file, China, box 40, Jimmy Carter Library.

61.
Carter,
Keeping Faith
, p. 205.

62.
Telephone Record, Peking to Secretary of State, 1/11/79, vertical file, China, Jimmy Carter Library.

63.
Memo, Vance to Carter, 1/26/79, Scope Paper for the Visit of Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping of the People's Republic of China, January 29–February 5, 1979, vertical file, China, Jimmy Carter Library.

64.
Observation by Richard Solomon who attended the ceremony, personal communication, November 2010.

65.
Don Oberdorfer, “Teng and Khrushchev,”
The Washington Post
, February 5, 1979, A1.

66.
Chaozhu Ji,
The Man on Mao's Right: From Harvard Yard to Tiananmen Square, My Life inside China's Foreign Ministry
(New York: Random House, 2008).

67.
Orville Schell,
“Watch Out for the Foreign Guests!” China Encounters the West
(New York: Pantheon, 1980).

68.
Carter,
Keeping Faith
, p. 214.

69.
Michel Oksenberg, “I Remember Deng,”
Far Eastern Economic Review
, March 6, 1977, 35; Brzezinski,
Power and Principle
, pp. 405–406.

70.
Brzezinski,
Power and Principle
, p. 406.

71.
Carter,
Keeping Faith
, p. 207.

72.
Ibid., pp. 209–210.

73.
DXPNP-2
, January 24, 1979.

74.
Letter, Carter to Deng, Brzezinski Collection, China, Pres. Meeting w/ Deng Xiaoping, box 9, Jimmy Carter Library.

75.
Carter,
Keeping Faith
, pp. 211–213; Brzezinski,
Power and Principle
, pp. 409–410.

76.
Brzezinski,
Power and Principle
, pp. 412–415.

77.
Solomon,
U.S.-PRC Political Negotiations, 1967–1984
, p. 76.

78.
Carter,
Keeping Faith
, p. 211; Brzezinski,
Power and Principle
, p. 407. A list of attendees at the state banquet, including some twenty-two members of Congress, may be found in the
New York Times
, January 30, 1979.

79.
Carter,
Keeping Faith
, p. 213.

80.
Ibid., p. 212;
The Washington Post
, November 1, 1979;
The New York Times
, January 30, 1979.

81.
On communications between Nixon and Carter, see “Staff Office on Chinese Normalization” Collection, box 34A, Jimmy Carter Library.

82.
LWMOT, tape 21, p. 7.

83.
Brzezinski,
Power and Principle
, p. 407; Tyler,
A Great Wall
, p. 275.

84.
Memcon, Mondale and Deng in Beijing, 8/28/79, Vertical File, China, box 41, Jimmy Carter Library.

85.
Solomon,
U.S.-PRC Political Negotiations, 1967–1984
, p. 76.

86.
Tip O'Neill,
Man of the House: The Life and Political Memoirs of Speaker Tip O'Neill
(New York: Random House, 1987), pp. 306–307.

87.
Arthur Hummel and David Reuther in Nancy Bernkopf Tucker, ed.,
China Confidential: American Diplomats and Sino-American Relations, 1945–1996
(New York: Columbia University Press, 2001), p. 329; Carter,
Keeping Faith
, p. 213.

88.
I was one of those in attendance on the occasion. Jan Berris, vice president of the National Committee on U.S.-China Relations, kindly shared documents and memories of the occasion as well.

89.
Don Oberdorfer, “Teng, Tired but Satisfied, Leaves U.S.,”
The Washington Post
, February 6, 1979, A12.

90.
Karen Elliott House, “Teng to Return to China with Assurances of U.S. Economic, Political Cooperation,”
Wall Street Journal
, February 5, 1979, 6.

91.
Donald Anderson, Chinese-speaking State Department official who accompanied the Deng delegation around the country, in Tucker,
China Confidential
, p. 330;
New York Post
, January 29, 1979.

92.
Fox Butterfield, “Teng Inspects Boeing 747 Factory,”
New York Times
, February 6, 1979, A1.

93.
Oberdorfer, “Teng and Khrushchev.”

94.
Richard L. Strout,
Christian Science Monitor
, February 5, 1979.

95.
Harry F. Rosenthal, Associated Press, Atlanta, February 1, 1979.

96.
Atlanta Constitution
and
Atlanta Journal
, February 1, 2, 1979.

97.
LWMOT, tape 22, p. 6.

98.
Schell,
“Watch Out for the Foreign Guests,”
p. 124.

99.
Houston Post
, February 3, 1979.

100.
Oberdorfer, “Teng and Khrushchev.”

101.
Associated Press, Seattle, February 5, 1979.

102.
LWMOT, tape 22, p. 14.

103.
Carter,
Keeping Faith
, p. 207. The fuller diary was later published as Jimmy Carter,
White House Diary
(New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2010).

104.
Carter,
Keeping Faith
, p. 207.

105.
Ibid., p. 216.

106.
From Don Oberdorfer, who covered both their tours as a newsman. See Oberdorfer, “Teng and Khrushchev”; Richard L. Strout,
Christian Science Monitor
, February 5, 1979.

107.
Smith, “The Role of Scientists in Normalizing U.S.-China Relations.”

108.
David M. Lampton,
A Relationship Restored: Trends in U.S
.
-China Educational Exchanges, 1978–1984
(Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1986), pp. 30–32.

109.
Harry Thayer and Arthur Hummel, in Tucker,
China Confidential
, pp. 326–328. These issues and the concern with China's human rights record were also raised in a
Christian Science Monitor
editorial of January 29, 1979.

110.
Interview, February 2008, with Shi Yanhua, one of Deng's English-language interpreters and later China's ambassador to Luxemburg, and Ji Chaozhu, Deng's interpreter on the trip to the United States, November 2006 and April 2009.

12. Launching the Deng Administration

1.
Guoshi
, vol. 10, pp. 194–204.

2.
DXPNP-2
, July 11, 1979.

3.
Among scholars, Warren Sun was the first to call attention to the political significance of the climb up Yellow Moutain.

4.
SWDXP-2
, pp. 197–201.

5.
For example, Deng Liqun,
Shierge chunqiu, 1975–1987: Deng Liqun zishu
(Twelve Springs and Autumns, 1975–1987: Deng Liqun's Autobiography) (Hong Kong: Bozhi chubanshe, 2006), p. 157.

6.
Interviews with Deng's daughter, Deng Rong, 2002–2006.

7.
SWDXP-2
, pp. 197–201.

8.
DXPNP-2
, September 5–October 7, p. 553. For Hu Yaobang's full speech at the conclusion of the forum on October 5, 1979, see Zheng Zhongbing, ed.,
Hu Yaobang nianpu ziliao changbian
(Materials for a Chronological Record of Hu Yaobang's Life), 2 vols. (Hong Kong: Shidai guoji chuban youxian gongsi, 2005), 1:412–421.

9.
Deng Liqun,
Shierge chunqiu
, pp. 150–152.

10.
LWMOT, tape 29, pp. 7–8.

11.
Xinhua General Overseas News Service, September 30, 1979, pp. 1–22.

12.
Ibid., pp. 6–7.

13.
Ibid., p. 2.

14.
Ibid., p. 6.

15.
Deng Liqun,
Shierge chunqiu
, p. 160.

16.
An excellent discussion of the issues related to preparing the report on party history is contained in
Guoshi
, vol. 10, pp. 249–258.

17.
Deng Liqun,
Shierge chunqiu
, p. 160.

18.
LWMOT, tape 31, pp. 16–17.

19.
DXPNP-2
, late October 1979, p. 574.

20.
Ibid., October 12, 1979, p. 566; November 10, 1979, p. 578.

21.
SWDXP-2
, pp. 225–226.

22.
Ibid., p. 251.

23.
Ibid., pp. 241–242.

24.
Ibid., p. 242.

25.
Ibid., p. 233.

26.
Ibid., pp. 253–254.

27.
Ibid., pp. 252–257.

28.
Interview with Edwin Lim, August 2009. Lim was head of the China desk at the World Bank in the early 1980s and head of the Beijing Office of the World Bank in the first years after it was established.

29.
SWDXP-2
, pp. 260–261.

30.
Ibid., pp. 260–265.

31.
Ibid., pp. 280, 281.

32.
Ibid., pp. 273–283.

33.
DXPNP-2
, February 28, 1980, and May 17, 1980. For broader background on the reversal of verdicts, see
Guoshi
, vol. 10, pp. 258–267.

34.
The record of his meetings in Japan is found in “Hua Guofeng sori jun nichi: shuno kaidan ni okeru” (Premier Hua Guofeng's Visit to Japan: Concerning the Summit Conversation), May 27–29, 1980 (China Section, Asia Bureau, Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs), declassified, on file in the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs.