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64.
“Final Instructions,” para. 1, p. 97.

65.
In Cook,
Understanding Jihad,
6, p. 196; Lincoln,
Holy Terrors,
p. 97.

66.
Lincoln,
Holy Terrors,
pp. 98, 200, 201.

67.
Cook,
Understanding Jihad,
p. 234 no. 37.

68.
Quran 3:173–74, trans. M. A. S. Abdel Haleem (Oxford, 2004).

69.
Cook,
Understanding Jihad,
p. 198.

70.
Ibid., p. 201.

71.
Louis Atiyat Allah, “Moments Before the Crash, by the Lord of the 19” (January 22, 2003), in Cook,
Understanding Jihad,
pp. 203, 207.

72.
“Osama bin Laden, Videotaped Address, October 7, 2001,” appendix C in Lincoln,
Holy Terrors,
p.106.

73.
Hamid Mir, “Osama Claims He Has Nukes. If US Uses N. Arms It Will Get the Same Response,”
Dawn,
Internet ed., November 10, 2001.

74.
Lincoln,
Holy Terrors,
pp. 106–7.

75.
“George W. Bush, Address to the Nation, October 7, 2001,” Appendix B, ibid., p. 104.

76.
Remarks by the president at the Islamic Center of Washington, D.C., September 17, 2001,
http://usinfo.state.gov/islam/s091701b.htm
.

77.
Lincoln,
Holy Terrors,
p. 104.

78.
Paul Rogers, “The Global War on Terror and Its Impact on the Conduct of War,” in George Kassimeris, ed.,
The Barbarisation of Warfare
(London, 2006), p. 188.

79.
Cook,
Understanding Jihad,
p. 157. Cook comments: “Sadly, in the light of the revelations at the
Abu Ghraib prison in the spring of 2004, this description is not as implausible as it should have been.”

80.
Anthony Dworkin, “The Laws of War in the Age of Asymmetric Conflict,” in Kassimeris,
Barbarisation of Warfare,
pp. 220, 233.

81.
Joanna Bourke, “Barbarisation vs. Civilisation in Time of War,” in Kassimeris,
Barbarisation of Warfare,
p. 37.

82.
Dworkin, “Laws of War,” p. 220.

83.
Rogers, “Global War on Terror,” p. 192.

84.
Guardian,
Datablog, April 12, 2013. The
United Nations began to report statistics of civilian deaths in 2007.

85.
Sageman,
Leaderless Jihad,
pp. 136–37.

86.
White House Press Release, “President Discusses the Future of Iraq,” February 26, 2003.

87.
White House Press Release, “President Bush Saluting Veterans at White House Ceremony,” November 11, 2002.

88.
Timothy H. Parsons,
The Rule of Empires: Those Who Built Them, Those Who Endured Them, and Why They Always Fail
(Oxford, 2010), pp. 423–50.

89.
Bruce Lincoln,
Religion, Empire, and Torture: The Case of Achaemenian Persia, with a Postscript on Abu Ghraib
(Chicago and London, 2007), pp. 97–99.

90.
Ibid., pp. 97–98.

91.
Luke 4:18–19.

92.
Lincoln,
Religion, Empire, and Torture,
pp. 101–7.

93.
Susan Sontag, “What Have We Done?”
Guardian,
May 24, 2005.

94.
Lincoln,
Religion, Empire and Torture,
pp. 101–2.

95.
Parsons,
Rule of Empires,
pp. 423–34.

96.
Bashir, Friday Prayers, Umm al-Oura, Baghdad, June 11, 2004, quoted in Edward Coy, “Iraqis Put Contempt for Troops on Display,”
Washington Post,
June 12, 2004; Kassimeris, “Barbarisation of Warfare,” in Kassimeris,
Barbarisation of Warfare,
p. 16.

97.
Rogers, “Global War on Terror,” pp. 193–94.

98.
Dworkin, “Laws of War,” p. 253.

99.
Sageman,
Leaderless Jihad,
pp. 139–42.

100.
Ibid., pp. 31–32.

101.
Michael Bonner,
Jihad in Islamic History
(Princeton, NJ, and Oxford, 2006), p. 164.

102.
Sageman,
Leaderless Jihad,
pp. 156–57, 159.

103.
John L. Esposito and Dahlia Mogahed,
Who Speaks for Islam? What a Billion Muslims Really Think; Based on Gallup’s World Poll—The Largest Study of Its Kind
(New York, 2007), pp. 69–70.

104.
Cited in Joos R. Hiltermann,
A Poisonous Affair: America, Iraq, and the Gassing of Halabja
(Cambridge, UK, 2007), p. 243.

105.
Naureen Shah, “Time for the Truth About ‘Targeted Killings,’ ”
Guardian,
October 22, 2013.

106.
Rafiq ur Rehman, “Please Tell Me, Mr President, Why a US Drone Assassinated My Mother,”
Guardian,
October 25, 2013.

AFTERWORD

1.
Quran 29:46, to cite just one example.

2.
Quran 22:40; trans. M. A. S. Abdel Haleem (Oxford, 2004).

3.
It is also due to the prevalence of
Wahhabi ideas that have been promoted throughout the Muslim world with the tacit agreement of the
United States.

4.
John Fowles,
The Magus,
rev. ed. (London, 1987), p. 413.

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