France and the Nazi Threat: The Collapse of French Diplomacy 1932-1939 (83 page)

  
35
.
    
Bariéty, quoted article, p. 351.

  
36
.
    
DDF, 1, I, no. 244, 14 Oct. 1932. Final text in ibid., no 331, 14 November 1932.

  
37
.
    
DDF, 1, I, no. 268, 22 October 1932.

  
38
.
    
Soulié, op. cit., attributes the French plan to him. Bariéty in his quoted article p. 353, shows that if Paul-Boncour discussed it with De Gaulle (see *Paul-Boncour,
Entre-deux-guerres
, 1946, Vol. II, pp. 228–229), nothing leads us to believe that he played a major part as his ideas in any case do not appear (there is no mention of “armored divisions”).

  
39
.
    
DDF, 1, I, nos. 272 and 273.

  
40
.
    
DDF, 1, I, no. 286.

  
41
.
    
Quoted article, p. 352.

  
42
.
    
Entre-deux-guerres
, Vol. II, p 223.

  
43
.
    
As Bülow told François-Poncet, DDF, 1, II, no. 2, 15 November 1932.

  
44
.
    
DDF, 1, II, nos. 3 and 4, 16 November 1932.

  
45
.
    
DDF, 1, II, no. 5, Conversations between M. Massigli and Norman Davis, 16 November.

  
46
.
    
DDF, 1, II, no. 6.

  
47
.
    
DDF, 1, II, nos. 25, 33 (25 November) 39 (26 November).

  
48
.
    
DDF, 1, II, no. 59, Note from the French delegation, 2 December 1932.

  
49
.
    
DDF, 1, II, no. 60, 3 December 1932.

  
50
.
    
Paul-Boncour,
Entre-deux-guerres
, Vol. II, p. 231.

  
51
.
    
DDF, 1, II, no. 71, 6 December 1932.

  
52
.
    
Humanité
, 2 Feb. 1932. See *Schumacher, Aloïs,
La politique de sécurité française face à l’Allemagne. Les controverses de l’opinion française entre 1932 et 1935
, 1972.

  
53
.
    
Ibid., 7 February 1932.

  
54
.
    
See. Speech by Gabriel Péri in the Chamber, JODP,
Chambre
, 28 October 1932, p. 2931.

  
55
.
    
All these figures come from *Bonnefous, Édouard,
Histoire politique de la III République
, 1959–1962, Vol. V, pp. 119–120.

  
56
.
    
Article by Pertinax,
Écho de Paris
, 19 July 1932.

  
57
.
    
See Pertinax, ibid., 15 November 1932.

  
58
.
    
16 January 1933.

  
59
.
    
See DDF, 1, I, no. 125, 25 August 1932.

  
60
.
    
Schumacher, op. cit., p. 114.

  
61
.
    
Besides JODP, see comments by Bonnefous, op. cit., pp. 130–131. Schumacher, op. cit., p. 103–104. Soulié, op. cit., pp. 394–395.

  
62
.
    
For this study we were able to use an important unpublished work by *Schram, Stuart,
Les relations franco-soviétiques de 1924 à 1939
(Fondation nationale des Sciences politiques). This work is based on definitive research from published Russian and German documents and most of all a very detailed research of the archives of the Quai d’Orsay by Mrs. Anna Hogenhuis-Seliverstoff. We have personally also consulted those archives. See also *Scott, William E.,
Alliance Against Hitler
, 1962 a work written without the benefit of the French archives but that actually sticks very close to the facts.

  
63
.
    
DDF, 1, I, no. 38, Dejean, 19 July 1932.

  
64
.
    
DDF, 1, I, no. 42, 20 July 1932. See also MAE, D. no. 103, Dejean.

  
65
.
    
DDF, 1, I, no. 3, Report by the French delegation at Geneva, 9 July 1932.

  
66
.
    
MAE, T. no. 352–355, de Martel, 8 July 1932.

  
67
.
    
On this issue see also specifically DDF, 1, I, no. 61 (25 July) 66 (27 July), 134 (1 September), 176 (14 September) 212 (24 September) 251 (19 October) 314 (9 November).

  
68
.
    
DDF, 1, I, no. 74, Note to the President of the Council, 28 July 1932.

  
69
.
    
On this issue see the work by de Castellan, G., “Reichswehr et Armée rouge,” in *Duroselle, J.-B., ed.,
Les relations germano-soviétiques
, 1954. See also, regarding Marshal Tukhachevsky’s trip to Germany, end of September 1932, DDF, 1, I, no. 217, Chautemps Minister of the Interior to Herriot, 28 September 1932.

  
70
.
    
T. II, pp. 354–355.

  
71
.
    
DDF, 1, II, no. 29, Department Note for the President of the Council, 23 November 1932. See Scott, op. cit., p. 67.

  
72
.
    
DDF, 1, II, no. 48, 29 November 1932.

  
73
.
    
DDF, 1, II, no. 53, François-Poncet, 1 December 1932. See. Scott, op. cit., pp. 72–73.

  
74
.
    
The most complete dissertation by *Artaud, Denise, “Le problème de dettes de guerre de la France,” 1976, stops in 1929 but is very useful to understand
the resolution of this problem. I have attempted to explain the American point of view in J. B. Duroselle,
De Wilson à Roosevelt
, 1961. See also for 1931, *Bennett, Edward W.,
Germany and the Diplomacy of the Financial Crisis, 1931
, 1962.

  
75
.
    
DDF, 1, I, no. 297, Germain-Martin to Herriot, 4 November 1932. See also no. 302 (5 November).

  
76
.
    
DDF, 1, I, no. 316, Herriot to Claudel, 10 November 1932.

  
77
.
    
DDF, 1, II, no. 10, Claudel, 18 November 1932.

  
78
.
    
DDF, 1, II, no. 27, Note from the United States Government, 23 November 1932.

  
79
.
    
DDF, 1, II, no. 45, Note from the Service du mouvement général des fonds, 28 November 1932.

  
80
.
    
JODP, Chambre, 12 December 1932.

  
81
.
    
Soulié, op. cit., p. 413.

  
82
.
    
Op. cit., p. 324.

Chapter II

T
HE
Y
EAR OF
P
AUL
-B
ONCOUR

    
1
.
    
Entre-deux-guerres
, Vol. II, p. 122.

    
2
.
    
Soulié, op. cit., p. 416.

    
3
.
    
Besides our own press clippings we also consulted for this work: *Grosser, Alfred,
Hitler, la presse et la naissance d’une dictature
, 1959 (Kiosque Collection); *d’Hoop, J.M., “Frankreichs Reaction auf Hitlers Aussenpolitik 1933–1939,”
Geschichite in Wissenschaft und Unterricht
1964, Vol. IV; *Micaud, Charles,
La droite française face à l’Allemagne
, English edition 1943; *Hörling, Hans, “L’opinion française face à l’avénement d’Hitler au pouvoir,” Francia, 1975, Vol. III, p. 584–641, with a good bibliography; *Kimmel, A.
Der Aufsteig des Nazional-sozialsimus im Spiegel der französischen Presse 1930–1933
, Bonn, 1963; and the Master’s thesis by Miss Geneviève Bureau
Les premières reactions françaises à l’avènement d’Hitler
, janvier à mars 1933.

    
4
.
    
DDF, 1, I, no. 216, De La Forest-Divonne to Paul-Boncour, Minister of War, 27 September 1932.

    
5
.
    
DDF, 1, I, no. 218.

    
6
.
    
DDF, 1, II, no. 111, François-Poncet, 15 December 1932.

    
7
.
    
DDF, 1, II, no. 144, François-Poncet, 29 December 1932.

    
8
.
    
See Bureau, G., op. cit.

    
9
.
    
See Hörling, Hans, op. cit.

  
10
.
    
Rosenfeld, Oreste,
Populaire
, 5 February 1933.

  
11
.
    
Humanité
, 30 January 1933.

  
12
.
    
Temps
, 1 February 1933.

  
13
.
    
Europe nouvelle
, “Triomphe du nationalisme en Allemagne,” 11 March 1933.

  
14
.
    
Populaire
, 1 February 1933.

  
15
.
    
See Micaud, op. cit.

  
16
.
    
La Victoire
, 31 January. 1933.

  
17
.
    
Quest-Éclair
, 10 February 1933.

  
18
.
    
Regarding this issue, which is not my concern, I recommend a very good work by *Hildebrand, Klaus “La politique française de Hitler jusqu’en 1936,”
Colloque franco-allemand
of March 1977; to be completed by *Knipping, Franz, “Frankreich in Hitlers Aussenpolitik, 1933–1939,” in *Funke, M., ed., Hitler, Deutschland und die Mächte, Düsseldorf 1976. See also *Jäckel, Eberhard
Frankreich in Hitlers Europa. Die deutsche Frankreich-politik in Zweiten Weltkrieg
, 1966.

  
19
.
    
Hildebrand, op. cit., p. 7.

  
20
.
    
Quoted by Hildebrand, op. cit., p. 1.

  
21
.
    
*Seydoux, François,
Mémoires d’Outre-Rhin
, 1975, p. 53.

  
22
.
    
Bérard, op. cit., p. 100.

  
23
.
    
See mainly DDF, 2nd series, Vol. II, no. 165 (T. of 6 May 1936).

  
24
.
    
*Stehlin, General Paul,
Témoignage pour l’histoire
, 1964, p 44 sq. Stehlin mistakenly places this event at the end of April. The meeting took place on May 28.

  
25
.
    
See DDF, ibid., no. 271 (Note from the political section, June 4, 1936: “Should the presence in Berlin of the head of operations of the Italian Air Ministry, encountered in Berlin on May 28 in the company of the head of the French and Italian section of the German Ministry of Aeronautics be considered a simple exchange of courtesies…?”).

  
26
.
    
DDF, 2nd series, I, no. 351. Mr. Léon Noël says that
Mein Kampf
was rarely mentioned at the Quai d’Orsay. Mr. Degros, who was the curator of the library at the time, remembers that the book was very much in demand.

  
27
.
    
DDF, 2nd series, I, no. 457 (D. of 18 March 1936).

  
28
.
    
DDF, 2nd series, I, no. 457 (D. du 18 March 1936).

  
29
.
    
DDF, 2nd series, II, no. 387 (T. du 4 July 1936).

  
30
.
    
DDF, 2nd series, II, no. 455 (D. du 15 July 1936).

  
31
.
    
DDF, 2nd series, II, 21 December 1936.

  
32
.
    
DDF, 2nd series, I, 27 February 1936.

  
33
.
    
DDF, 2nd series, II, 21 December 1936.

  
34
.
    
CEP, Vol. I, p. 89. It appears to have been the same for the British according to *Rowse,
All Souls and Appeasement
, 1961, p. 31. He points to Vanisttart and the great historian Namier as the exceptions.