Gallipoli (102 page)

5.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. I, p. 126.

6.
Laugesen,
Glossary of Slang and Peculiar Terms in Use in the A.I.F
.
1921–1924
,
http://andc.anu.edu.au/australian-words
.

7.
McMullen,
Pompey Elliott
, p. 100.

8.
Forrest, War Diary, 9 December 1914, p. 10,
www.amosa.org.au
.

9.
Langford, Diary, undated, AWM 3DRL/7454, p. 32.

10.
Hogue,
Trooper Bluegum at the Dardanelles
, p. 51,
https://archive.org
.

11.
Drane,
Complete Anzac Gallipoli War Diary
, January 1915,
http://bushroots.com
.

12.
Silas,
Crusading at Anzac
.

13.
Hogue,
Trooper Bluegum at the Dardanelles
, p. 36,
https://archive.org
.

14.
Seal,
The Lingo
, p. 57.

15.
Barwick, Diary, undated, AWM F940.26093 B296d, p. 9.

16.
Hartnett, ‘With the “Boys”: A Soldier's Life',
The Gundagai Independent and Pastoral, Agricultural and Mining Advocate
, 20 April 1915, p. 2,
http://trove.nla.gov.au
.

17.
Robertson,
Anzac and Empire
, pp. 43–4.

18.
Henry John Frederick Coe to his Parents, Letter, 26 December 1914, AWM 2DRL/491, p. 2.

19.
Ibid., 30 January 1915, AWM 2DRL/491, p. 1.

20.
Serle,
John Monash
, p. 209.

21.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. I, pp. 117–18.

22.
Reveille
, 1 February 1936, Vol. 9, No. 6, p. 3 (reported speech changed to direct speech).

23.
Ibid. There are many claimants to the story of the origin of Anzac. This is the one I find most credible.

24.
Healy,
More Lives Than One
, p. 212,
http://books.google.com.au
.

25.
Knightley,
Australia
, p. 64,
http://books.google.com.au
.

26.
Gum trees had been cultivated in the area, and particularly southern Turkey, from the 1830s to combat swamps and malaria. The locals called eucalyptus ‘the malaria tree'.

27.
Smythe to Family, Letter, 27 December 1914,
www.smythe.id.au
.

28.
Bean, War Diary, 1 January 1915, AWM 38, 3DRL606/2/1, p. 4.

29.
McCarthy,
Gallipoli to the Somme
, pp. 91–2.

30.
The Advertiser
(Adelaide), 22 January 1915, p. 6.

31.
Richards,
Wallaby Warrior
, p. 21.

32.
Hogue,
Trooper Bluegum at the Dardanelles
, p. 57,
https://archive.org
.

33.
Silas, Diary, 30 December 1914, ML MSS 1840,
http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au
.

34.
Ibid., 13 May 1915, p. 62.

35.
Stoker,
Straws in the Wind
, p. 77.

36.
Serle, pp. 206–7.

37.
Jacka, Diary, Pt 4, 1 October 1914–18 December 1915, AWM MSS143A.

38.
Moorehead,
Gallipoli
, p. 37.

39.
The Labor Call
, 6 August 1914, p. 4.

40.
Secretary's Notes of a Meeting of the War Council held at 10 Downing Street, 25 November 1914, NA CAB 42/1/4, p. 3.

41.
Marder,
From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow
, p. 202.

42.
James, Robert R.,
Gallipoli
, p. 4.

43.
Churchill, Winston,
The World Crisis
, Vol. II, p. 201.

44.
Gilbert, Vol. III,
Companion
, Pt I, p. 344.

45.
Hankey,
The Supreme Command
, pp. 265–6.

46.
Rowse,
The Later Churchills
, p. 408.

47.
Churchill to Carden, Telegram, 3 January 1915, Gilbert, Vol. III,
Companion
, Pt I, p. 367.

48.
Carden to Churchill, Telegram, 5 January 1915, Gilbert, Vol. III,
Companion
, Pt I, p. 380.

49.
Secretary's Notes of a Meeting of the War Council held at 10 Downing Street, 13 January 1915, NA CAB 42/1/6, p. 8.

50.
Churchill, Winston, Vol. II, p. 119.

51.
The Turks dusted off their 350-year-old bronze gun, the Great Turkish Bombard (later named the ‘Dardanelles Gun'), for use against Duckworth's fleet. Cast in 1464, it could be unscrewed into two pieces for portability despite the fact it weighed 18.5 tons. It fired up to 24- inch stone balls. The gun was presented to Queen Victoria during her 1866 visit and, reputedly the oldest gun in existence, it is now displayed along with other big guns at the Royal Armouries Museum, Fort Nelson, Portsmouth, in the south of England.

52.
French,
1914
, p. 316.

53.
Secretary's Notes of a Meeting of the War Council held at 10 Downing Street, 13 January 1915, NA CAB 42/1/6, p. 8.

54.
Asquith,
H. H. Asquith Letters to Venetia Stanley
, Letter No. 258, 13 January 1915, p. 375.

55.
Secretary's Notes of a Meeting of the War Council held at 10 Downing Street, 13 January 1915, NA CAB 42/1/6, p. 8.

56.
Fisher,
Fear God and Dread Nought
, p. 142.

57.
Asquith, Margot, Diary, 10 January 1915, in Gilbert, Vol. III,
Companion
, Pt I, p. 400.

58.
Ibid.

59.
Asquith, Margot, Diary, 19 February 1915, ibid., p. 524.

60.
Butler, Arthur G.,
Official History of the Australian Army Medical Services
, pp. 73–4.

61.
The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English
, p. 1736.

62.
Richards,
Wallaby Warrior
, p. 19.

63.
King, Lydia K., Diary, 13 January 1915, AWM 3DRL 6040.

64.
Ibid.

65.
Mango,
Atatürk
, p. 142.

66.
Ibid., p. 143.

67.
Iğdemir, pp. 35–6.

CHAPTER FIVE: ‘THE FATAL POWER OF A YOUNG ENTHUSIASM'

1.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. I, p. 201.

2.
Churchill, Winston,
The World Crisis
, Vol. II, p. 122.

3.
Asquith, Herbert Henry,
Memories and Reflections
, p. 59.

4.
Secretary's Notes of a Meeting of the War Council held at 10 Downing Street, 28 January 1915, at 11.30 am, NA CAB 42/1/26, p. 6.

5.
Stoker,
Straws in the Wind
, p. 86.

6.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. I, p. 136.

7.
The Argus
, 4 March 1915, p. 9.

8.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. I, p. 130.

9.
Ibid.

10.
Clunes Guardian and Gazette
, 12 March 1915, p. 3.

11.
Brazier, Diary, undated 1915, AWM 1DRL/0147.

12.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. I, p. 138.

13.
The Advertiser
(Adelaide), 22 January 1915, p. 6.

14.
Based on McCarthy,
Gallipoli to the Somme
, p. 97.

15.
The Essendon Gazette and Keilor, Bulla and Broadmeadows Reporter
, 29 April 1915, p. 3,
http://trove.nla.gov.au
.

16.
Mulvey, Letter, 14 March 1915, AWM 2DR/0233, p. 15. NB: The author of this letter wrote ‘Y.M.C.C.' (Young Men's Christian Council), but I have changed it to ‘Y.M.C.A.' to make it recognisable to the reader.

17.
Carter, Letters, Mena Camp, 7 February 1915, AWM 1 DRL 192.

18.
McCarthy, p. 94.

19.
‘The First Report of the Dardanelles Commission', p. 30.

20.
Ibid.

21.
Hart, ‘Gallipoli: The War at Sea – An Overview', p. 4, archive.iwm.org.uk.

22.
‘The First Report of the Dardanelles Commission', p. 31.

23.
Sunday Times
, 21 February 1915, p. 9.

24.
Bonham Carter,
Winston Churchill As I Knew Him
, p. 361.

25.
Secretary's Notes of a Meeting of the War Council held at 10 Downing Street, 24 February 1915, NA CAB 42/1/42, p. 4.

26.
Ibid.

27.
Ibid.

28.
Ibid.

29.
Gilbert,
Winston S. Churchill
, Vol. III, p. 303.

30.
Ibid.

31.
Secretary's Notes of a Meeting of the War Council held at 10 Downing Street, 24 February 1915, NA CAB 42/1/42, p. 5.

32.
Churchill, Winston, Vol. II, p. 201.

33.
Birdwood,
Khaki and Gown
, p. 250.

34.
Ibid.

35.
King, Lydia K., Diary, 27 March 1915, AWM 3DRL/6040, p. 13.

36.
Carden to Churchill, Telegram, 4 March 1915, Gilbert, Vol. III,
Companion
, Pt I, p. 625.

37.
Secretary's Notes of a Meeting of the War Council held at 10 Downing Street, 3 March 1915, NA CAB 42/2/3, p. 1.

38.
Birdwood,
Khaki and Gown
, p. 250.

39.
Kitchener to Birdwood, Telegram, 4 March 1915, Gilbert, Vol. III,
Companion
, Pt I, p. 633.

40.
‘The First Report of the Dardanelles Commission', p. 33.

41.
Birdwood to Kitchener, Telegram, 6 March 1915, Gilbert,
Winston S. Churchill
, Vol. III,
Companion
, Pt I, p. 643.

42.
Hamilton, John,
The Price of Valour
, p. 80.

43.
Şimşek and Güner,
Mayın Grup Komuntanı Binbaşı Nazmi Bey' in Günlüğüyle Çanakkale Deniz Savaşları
, p. 23.

44.
Secretary's Notes of a Meeting of the War Council held at 10 Downing Street, 10 March 1915, NA CAB 42/2/5, p. 2.

45.
Holland and Jordan,
The Story Behind the Monument
, p. 12.

46.
Ibid., p. 51.

47.
Gilbert,
Winston S. Churchill
, Vol. III,
Companion
, Pt I, pp. 677–8.

48.
Hamilton, Ian,
Gallipoli Diary
, Vol. I, p. 3,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

49.
Ibid., p. 6.

50.
Ibid., p. 7.

51.
Ibid., p. 14.

52.
Stoker, p. 91.

53.
Ibid., p. 92.

54.
Hamilton, Ian,
Gallipoli Diary
, Vol. I, p. 15,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

55.
Ibid., p. 16.

56.
Ibid.

57.
Howard, Michael, ‘Churchill and the First World War', in Blake and Louis,
Churchill
, p. 138.

58.
Hargrave,
The Suvla Bay Landing
, p. 30.

59.
Dover: Lock and Key of the Kingdom, ‘Admiral Sir Roger Keyes',
http://www.dover-kent.co.uk
.

60.
Keyes,
The Naval Memoirs of Admiral of the Fleet
, p. 212.

61.
Gilbert,
Winston S. Churchill
, Vol. III,
Companion
, Pt I, p. 687.

CHAPTER SIX: TESTING THE WATERS

1.
Stevenson,
Lloyd George
, 4 April 1915, p. 40.

2.
Morgenthau,
Ambassador Morgenthau's Story
, p. 217,
https://archive.org
.

3.
Ibid., p. 218.

4.
Ibid., p. 220.

5.
Ibid.

6.
Shakespeare,
Julius Caesar
, p. 66.

7.
Keyes to de Robeck, Holographs, 15 March 1915,
The Keyes Papers
, p. 108.

8.
‘The First Report of the Dardanelles Commission', p. 36.

9.
Aspinall-Oglander,
Military Operations
, Vol. I, pp. 101–2.

10.
Liddell Hart,
A History of the First World War
, pp. 168–9.

11.
The Nineteenth Century and After
, Vol. 106, p. 83.

12.
Âdil, Selahattin in Martı,
Çanakkale Hatiraları
(
Çanakkale Memoirs
), Vol. I, p. 130.

13.
Ibid.

14.
Örnek and Toker, p. 7.

15.
Hart, ‘Gallipoli: The War at Sea – An Overview', p. 34,
http://archive.iwm.org.uk
.

16.
Morgenthau, p. 222,
https://archive.org
. This scene is reconstructed from Morgenthau's diary, as the Ambassador had seen a drill just three days earlier and penned his thoughts as to what the actuality would be like.

17.
Örnek and Toker, p. 8.

18.
Churchill, Winston,
The World Crisis
, Vol. II, pp. 225–6.

19.
Hart, p. 34,
http://archive.iwm.org.uk
.