Gallipoli (106 page)

20.
Bean,
Gallipoli Correspondent
, p. 91.

21.
McCarthy,
Gallipoli to the Somme
, p. 139.

22.
Bean, War Diary, 8 May 1915, AWM38, 3DRL606/7/1, p. 50.

23.
Ibid.

24.
Ibid.

25.
Ibid., p. 53.

26.
Ashmead-Bartlett,
The Uncensored Dardanelles
, p. 84.

27.
Hamilton, Ian,
Gallipoli Diary
, Vol. I, p. 213,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

28.
Ibid., p. 104.

29.
Gunner Bill Greer, 1st Battery, Australian Field Artillery, Track 4, Sailah,
Stories from Gallipoli
, ABC Audio.

30.
Bean, War Diary, 8 May 1915, AWM38, 3DRL606/7/1, p. 50.

31.
Bean,
Bean's Gallipoli
, p. 119.

32.
Bean,
Gallipoli Mission
, p. 298.

33.
Hamilton, Ian,
Gallipoli Diary
, Vol. I, pp. 209–10,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

34.
Mackenzie,
Gallipoli Memories
, p. 152.

35.
Ashmead-Bartlett,
The Uncensored Dardanelles
, p. 92,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

36.
Ibid., p. 93.

37.
Ibid., p. 101.

38.
Olden,
Westralian Cavalry in the War
, p. 29.

39.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. II, p. 91.

40.
Hamilton, Ian,
Gallipoli Diary
, Vol. I, pp. 258–9,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

41.
Berrie,
Under Furred Hats (6th ALH Regt)
, pp. 20–2.

42.
Hogue,
Trooper Bluegum at the Dardanelles
, p. 61,
https://archive.org
.

43.
Ibid.

44.
Throssell, Diary, 19 May 1915, AWM PR85/361.

45.
Hamilton, John,
The Price of Valour
, p. 89.

46.
Brazier, Diary, 16 May 1915, AWM 1DRL/0147.

47.
Hogue,
Trooper Bluegum at the Dardanelles
, p. 85,
https://archive.org
.

48.
It is not confirmed that these names were called out during this roll call. However, they are the names of soldiers from the 16th Battalion who are listed on the Commonwealth War Graves website (
www.cwgc.org
) as being killed on 9 May 1915.

49.
Silas, Diary, 11 May 1915, ML MSS 1840, p. 60,
http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au
.

50.
Mustafa Kemal to Enver, 3 May 1915, Atatürk,
Atatürk'ün Bütün Eserleri
(
Collected Works of Atatürk
), p. 369.

51.
The Washington Post
, 12 May 1915, p. 1.

52.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. I, p. 289.

53.
Ibid., p. 118 (reported speech changed to direct speech).

54.
Churchill, Winston,
The World Crisis
, Vol. II, p. 346.

55.
Ibid.

56.
Ibid. (reported speech changed to direct speech).

57.
Pollock,
Kitchener
, p. 295.

58.
The Times
, 14 May 1915, p. 8.

59.
Ibid., p. 9.

60.
Gilbert,
Winston S. Churchill
, Vol. III,
Companion
, Pt II, p. 885.

61.
Secretary's Notes of a Meeting of the War Council held at 10 Downing Street, 14 May 1915, NA CAB 42/2/19, p. 3.

62.
Ibid.

63.
Massie,
Castles of Steel
, p. 484.

64.
Ibid.

65.
Aspinall-Oglander,
Military Operations
, Vol. I, p. 365.

66.
Hamilton, Ian,
Gallipoli Diary
, Vol. I, p. 230,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

67.
Ibid., pp. 231–2.

68.
Hart, ‘Gallipoli: The War at Sea – An Overview',
http://archive.iwm.org.uk
, p. 276.

69.
Gorman, Johnson and Braddock,
With the Twenty-Second
, p. vii.

70.
George Ivan Smith, Pacific Director of the BBC, 1941–1946, reported anecdote,
http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com
. In the letter to the
Guardian
recounting this episode, there is ‘*****' where the word ‘bastard' appears, but that is my best estimation of what was likely said. It also has this occurring on the day of the landing, which does not make sense, whereas about a month in is far more likely.

71.
Kennedy,
The Whale Oil Guards
, p. 14.

72.
Derham,
The Silence Ruse
, p. 13.

73.
Bean,
Two Men I Knew
, p. 74.

74.
Benson,
The Man with the Donkey
, p. 45.

75.
Derham, p. 14.

76.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. II, p. 130.

77.
Churchill, Winston, Vol. II, p. 359.

78.
Riddell,
Lord Riddell's War Diary
, p. 93.

79.
Churchill, Winston, Vol. II, p. 362.

80.
The Sydney Morning Herald
, 15 May 1915, p. 14.

81.
McCarthy, p. 191.

82.
Ibid., p. 150.

83.
Ibid.

84.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. II, p. 200.

85.
Ibid.

86.
Silas, Diary, 16 May 1915, p. 63, ML MSS 1840,
http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au
.

87.
Ibid.

88.
Ibid., 17 May 1915, p. 64.

89.
Ibid., 22 May 1915, p. 72.

90.
John Monash to Hannah Monash, 22 June 1915, Sir Monash Papers, SLV, MS 13875, Box 4083/1, p. 87.

91.
Wodehouse,
Blandings Castle
, p. 29.

92.
Hamilton, Ian,
Gallipoli Diary
, Vol. I, p. 235,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

CHAPTER THIRTEEN: THE TURKISH OFFENSIVE

1.
Ashmead-Bartlett,
The Uncensored Dardanelles
, p. 126,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

2.
Mackenzie,
Gallipoli Memories
, pp. 80–1.

3.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. II, p. 133.

4.
Ibid., p. 138.

5.
Ibid.

6.
Ibid., p. 139. It is normal for a third or so of any large force (such as the corps-sized force that was defending Anzac) to have jobs that do not put them in the trenches with a rifle.

7.
Ibid., p. 137.

8.
Hogue,
Trooper Bluegum at the Dardanelles
, p. 92,
https://archive.org
.

9.
Ibid.

10.
McCarthy,
Gallipoli to the Somme
, p. 148.

11.
Ibid.

12.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. II, p. 140.

13.
Ibid., p. 138.

14.
Barwick, Diary, 22 August 1914–September 1915, ML MSS 1493/1/Box 1/Item 1, p. 127.

15.
Laffin,
Damn the Dardanelles
, p. 81.

16.
This quote comes from an interview conducted by historian Dr Peter Williams with a 12th Australian Infantry Battalion veteran, in Hobart, 1980.

17.
Hogue,
Trooper Bluegum at the Dardanelles
, p. 115,
https://archive.org
.

18.
Ibid., p. 75.

19.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. II, p. 149 (reported speech changed to direct speech).

20.
Bean, ‘Albert Jacka',
Reveille
, 31 January 1932, p. 2.

21.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. II, p. 150.

22.
Jacka, Diary, 19 May 1915, AWM MSS143A, Pt 4, p. 10 (or at least the reverse side of p. 5, as Jacka has marked it in his diary).

23.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. II, p. 143.

24.
Dolan,
Gallipoli Air War
, p. 198.

25.
Ibid.

26.
Kemal, Mustafa to Corinne Lütfü, 3 July 1915, in Atatürk,
Atatürk'ün Bütün Eserleri
(
Collected Works of Atatürk
), p. 228.

27.
Mülazim, Lt Hasan Ethem to his Mother, 17 April 1915, ‘Last Letter of a Turkish Martyr Killed in the Gallipolian War',
The Gallipolian
, No. 76, Winter 1994, p. 6.

28.
Hogue,
Trooper Bluegum at the Dardanelles
, p. 95,
https://archive.org
(reported speech changed to direct speech).

29.
Ibid.

30.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. II, p. 160.

31.
Butler, Arthur G.,
Official History of the Australian Army Medical Services, 1914–1918
, p. 159.

32.
The Sunday Times
(Perth), 16 April 1916, p. 1S.

33.
3rd Australian Field Ambulance War Diary, May 1915, AWM4 26/46/5, p. 9. NB: In the original cable, it says ‘Shrapnel Valley', but as I have used ‘Shrapnel Gully' throughout, for consistency I do so here too.

34.
Hogue,
Trooper Bluegum at the Dardanelles
, p. 117,
https://archive.org
.

35.
Adams, Diary, 19 May 1915, AWM RCDIG0000862, p. 61.

36.
Ibid. (reported speech changed to direct speech).

37.
King, Lydia K., Diary, 21 May 1915, AWM 3DRL/6040, p. 23.

38.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. II, p. 162.

39.
Ibid.

40.
For their parts, the Turks were horrified when the Allies bombed their hospitals and mosques in those first days in April – including the entire hospital at Maidos (which had Allied wounded as well), despite being clearly marked.

41.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. II, p. 162.

42.
Harry Benson, Track 5, Sailah,
Stories from Gallipoli
, ABC Audio.

43.
Editorial,
The Times
, 19 May 1915, p. 9.

44.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. II, p. 251.

45.
Ibid.

46.
Ibid.

47.
Benson,
The Man with the Donkey
, p. 43.

48.
Bean, Despatch,
Commonwealth Government Gazette
, No. 7, 13 January 1916, p. 92.

49.
Ibid.

50.
Ashmead-Bartlett,
The Uncensored Dardanelles
, pp. 106–7,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

51.
Ashmead-Bartlett, Diary, ML A1583, p. 65,
http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au
.

52.
Ashmead-Bartlett,
The Uncensored Dardanelles
, pp. 106–7,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

53.
Daily Mail
, 21 May 1915, p. 4.

54.
Pound and Harmsworth,
Northcliffe
, p. 478.

55.
In today's Saudi Arabia.

56.
Mücke,
Ayesha
, p. 223,
https://openlibrary.org/books
. Though in his account, von Mücke has this number at 30, he has made a mistake in his mathematics, as his party was 49 strong when setting out, and, as three men were killed along the way, only 46 were to make it into Constantinople.

57.
Lochner,
Die Kaperfahrten des kleinen Kreuzers Emden
(
The Naval Boardings of the Small Cruiser Emden
), p. 393.

58.
Örnek and Toker,
Gallipoli
, p. 40.

59.
Fahrettin, ‘Fahrettin Altay', in Martı,
Çanakkale Hatiraları
(
Çanakkale Memoirs
), Vol. II, p. 29.

60.
For further reading, see Cameron,
Shadows of Anzac
.

61.
Carlyon,
Gallipoli
, p. 287.

62.
McAnulty, Diary, 10 June 1915, AWM 1DRL/0422, p. 6.

63.
Ibid., p. 7. The 6th Light Horse wore wallaby fur around their hat, instead of the emu plume.

64.
Hogue,
Trooper Bluegum at the Dardanelles
, p. 114,
https://archive.org
.

65.
Mackenzie, p. 83.

66.
Hamilton, Ian,
Gallipoli Diary
, Vol. I, p. 249,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

67.
Hogue,
Trooper Bluegum at the Dardanelles
, p. 116,
https://archive.org
.

68.
Bean,
Gallipoli Mission
, p. 58.

69.
Fahrettin, ‘Fahrettin Altay', in Martı,
Çanakkale Hatiraları
(
Çanakkale Memoirs
), Vol. II, p. 30.