Authors: Peter FitzSimons
8.
Ibid., p. 272.
9.
Cameron,
Gallipoli
, p. 257.
10.
Bean,
Two Men I Knew
, p. 113.
11.
McCarthy,
Gallipoli to the Somme
, p. 198.
12.
Gilbert,
Winston S. Churchill
, Vol. III, p. 608.
13.
Bean, War Diary, night of 15 December 1915, AWM38 3DRL606/21/1, p. 74.
14.
Bean,
Bean's Gallipoli
, p. 249.
15.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914â1918
, Vol. II, p. 884.
16.
Ibid., p. 898.
17.
Bingham, Diary, 15 December 1915, Private Collection of the Bingham Family.
18.
Ryrie, Granville to Mrs Granville Ryrie, 23 December 1915, AWM PR84/193, pp. 202â3.
19.
Bean,
Bean's Gallipoli
, p. 252.
20.
Hogue,
Trooper Bluegum at the Dardanelles
, p. 275,
https://archive.org
.
21.
Bean,
Bean's Gallipoli
, p. 253.
22.
Bingham, Diary, 5 November 1915, Private Collection of the Bingham Family.
23.
Derham,
The Silence Ruse
, p. 33 (Special Army Order, Headquarters Dardanelles Army, 18 December 1915).
24.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914â1918
, Vol. I, Preface, p. xlviii (tenses changed).
25.
Ibid., Vol. II, p. 910.
26.
Bean,
Bean's Gallipoli
, p. 254.
27.
Ibid., p. 255.
28.
Steel, Arthur Valentine (1st Battalion AIF), Letter to Marie and George Steel, January 1916, courtesy of Steel family of Wangaratta, with thanks. And I thank them for allowing me to publish it.
29.
Bean, War Diary, 18 December 1915, AWM38, 3DRL606/23/1, p. 34.
30.
Birdwood,
Khaki and Gown
, p. 240.
31.
Ibid., p. 289.
32.
Ibid.
33.
Moorehead,
Gallipoli
, p. 288.
34.
Steel, Arthur Valentine (1st Battalion AIF), Letter to Marie and George Steel, January 1916, courtesy of Steel family of Wangaratta, with thanks. And I thank them for allowing me to publish it.
35.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914â1918
, Vol. II, p. 899. So, at least, did Zeki Bey tell Bean after the war.
36.
White, Brudenell, âANZAC 4pm 19thâ4am 20th December 1915', 20 December 1915, in Papers of General Sir Cyril Bingham Brudenell White, AWM 3DRL/1400, Series 4, Wallet 3, p. 2.
37.
Ibid.
38.
Ibid., p. 1.
39.
Carter, Diary, 19â20 December 1915, AWM 3DRL/6418, p. 354.
40.
Caulfield,
The Unknown Anzacs
, p. 161.
41.
For further reading, see Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914â1918
, Vol. II, p. 883.
42.
Wiltshire, Diary, 20 December 1915, ML MSS 3058/Box 1/Items 2â4, p. 19,
http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au
.
43.
Hogue,
Trooper Bluegum at the Dardanelles
, p. 278,
https://archive.org
.
44.
Ibid.
45.
Ibid.
46.
Ibid.
47.
Wiltshire, Diary, 20 December 1915, ML MSS 3058/Box 1/Items 2â4, p. 19,
http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au
.
48.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914â1918
, Vol. II, p. 870.
49.
Barwick, Diary, ML MSS 1493/1/Box 1/Item 1, p. 262,
http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au
.
50.
Serle,
John Monash
, p. 250.
51.
Dolan,
Gallipoli Air War
, p. 358.
52.
Wiltshire, Diary, 20 December 1915, ML MSS 3058/Box 1/Item 4, p. 17,
http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au
.
53.
Hogue,
Trooper Bluegum at the Dardanelles
, p. 278,
https://archive.org
.
54.
Steel, Arthur Valentine (1st Battalion AIF), Letter to Marie and George Steel, January 1916, courtesy of Steel family of Wangaratta, with thanks. And I thank them for allowing me to publish it.
55.
Caddy, âLast Shot on Anzac',
Reveille
, Vol. VI, No. 4, 1 December 1932, p. 38.
56.
Ibid.
57.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914â1918
, Vol. II, pp. 895â6.
58.
Caddy, âLast Shot on Anzac',
Reveille
, Vol. VI, No. 4, 1 December 1932, p. 38.
59.
Colonel Zeki later told Charles Bean that the last Turks to die at Anzac were the 70 men sitting atop this explosion on the Nek.
60.
For further reading, see Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914â1918
, Vol. II, p. 896.
61.
Bingham, Diary, 2 December 1915, Private Collection of the Bingham Family.
62.
White, Brudenell, âANZAC 4pm 19thâ4am 20th December 1915', 20 December 1915, in Papers of General Sir Cyril Bingham Brudenell White, AWM 3DRL/1400, Series 4, Wallet 3, p. 14.
63.
Bean, War Diary, 20 December, AWM38 3DRL606/22/1, p. 46.
64.
McCarthy, p. 204.
65.
Broadbent,
The Boys Who Came Home
, p. 127.
66.
Ibid.
67.
White, Brudenell, âANZAC 4pm 19thâ4am 20th December 1915', 20 December 1915, in Papers of General Sir Cyril Bingham Brudenell White, AWM 3DRL/1400, Series 4, Wallet 3, p. 14.
EPILOGUE
1.
Monash, John to Hannah Monash, 18 June 1915, Sir Monash Papers, SLV, MS 13875, Box 4083/1, p. 86.
2.
Jack Nicholson, Track 5, Sailah, S
tories from Gallipoli
, ABC Audio.
3.
Broadbent,
The Boys Who Came Home
, p. 130.
4.
Ekins,
Gallipoli Strengths and Casualties
.
5.
Australian War Memorial, âThe Anzac Day Tradition',
www.awm.gov.au
.
6.
The Queenslander
, 29 April 1916, p. 36.
7.
Ibid.
8.
The Bathurst Times
, 26 April 1916, p. 2.
9.
The Farmer & Settler
, 8 August 1916, p. 2.
10.
Bantick, âWhat Lies Beneath a National Legend',
The Australian
, 24 April 2010, p. 5,
www.theaustralian.com.au
.
11.
By this time, his name had become Aspinall-Oglander â courtesy of marrying Florence Joan Oglander of the famous Isle of Wight dynasty in 1927.
12.
Thomson, âHistory and “Betrayal”: The Anzac Controversy',
History Today
, 1 January 1993, Vol. 43, Issue 1, p. 8.
13.
Ibid.
14.
Bean, War Diary, 25 April 1915, AWM38, 3DRL606/5/1, p. 37.
15.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914â1918
, Vol. I, p. 462.
16.
Thomson,
History Today
, 1 January 1993, Vol. 43, Issue 1, p. 9.
17.
Ibid., p. 10.
18.
Daily Guardian
(Sydney), 7 October 1927;
Daily Express
, 8 October 1927, in Bean, War Records of Charles E. W. Bean, AWM 3DRL 7953, Item 29, 3.
19.
O'Neill, Margot, âLegend of Gallipoli',
Lateline
, 23 April 2001,
http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/stories/s281842.htm
.
20.
Brisbane Courier
, 8 October 1927, p. 17.
21.
Ibid.
22.
Hetherington,
Blamey, Controversial Soldier
, p. 133.
23.
âThe Final Report of the Dardanelles Commission', HMSO, p. 86.
24.
Ibid.
25.
Ibid., p. 87.
26.
âThe First Report of the Dardanelles Commission', HMSO, p. 43.
27.
OsmaÅczyk,
Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements
, p. 2107.
28.
Arthur,
Life of Lord Kitchener
, p. 355.
29.
The Herald
(Melbourne), 18 May 1920, in Murdoch, Papers of Sir Keith Arthur Murdoch (1886â1952), NLA, MS2823, Series 2, Folder 3.
30.
Andrews, Eric M.,
The Anzac Illusion
, p. 119. NB: Fisher did not sign off on the Dardanelles Commission's final report because his duties as High Commissioner of Australia prevented him giving adequate time to the investigation.
31.
Younger,
Keith Murdoch
, p. 74.
32.
Lisners,
The Rise and Fall of the Murdoch Empire
, p. 92.
33.
Albeit in an Acting Director role.
34.
Perry, W., âField Marshal Lord Birdwood of Anzac',
Sabretache
, Vol. 29, FebruaryâMarch 1988, No. 1, p. 8.
35.
Birdwood,
Khaki and Gown
, p. 296.
36.
Ibid.
37.
For further reading, see James, Robert R., âBirdwood, William Riddell, first Baron Birdwood (1865â1951)',
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
, May 2009,
www.oxforddnb.com
.
38.
Montgomery,
A History of Warfare
, p. 494.
39.
Bean,
Two Men I Knew
, p. xi.
40.
For further reading, see Hazlehurst, Cameron,
Ten Journeys to Cameron's Farm
, pp. 139â160.
41.
Derham,
The Silence Ruse
, p. viii.
42.
Hill, A. J., âSinclair-Maclagan, Ewen George (1868â1948)',
http://adb.anu.edu.au
.
43.
Burness,
The Nek
, p. 144.
44.
Hamilton, John,
The Price of Valour
, p. 121.
45.
Throssell, Hugo, Papers, NAA, PP645/1, M5273, p. 76.
46.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914â1918
, Vol. III, p. 720.
47.
The Advertiser
(Adelaide), âJacka, V.C. Dead', 18 January 1932, p. 9,
http://trove.nla.gov.au
.
48.
Reveille
, âVisit to V.C.'s Grave', February 1941, p. 11.
49.
Hogue,
Trooper Bluegum at the Dardanelles
, p. 57,
https://archive.org
.
50.
Brenchley and Brenchley,
Stoker's Submarine
, p. 81.
51.
BeÅikçi,
The Ottoman Mobilization of Manpower in the First World War
, p. 11.
52.
Tehlirian, Soghomon, Trial Transcripts, 16 April 1921, 3rd State Court, Criminal Department, Berlin,
www.cilicia.com/armo_tehlirian.html
.
53.
Ibid.
54.
Cranston, âTurkey, Australia Come Together for Dedications',
The Canberra Times
, 26 April 1985, p. 15,
http://trove.nla.gov.au
.
55.
Monash, John to Hannah Monash, 18 June 1915, Sir Monash Papers, SLV, MS 13875, Box 4083/1, p. 86.
56.
The Sydney Morning Herald
, 27 April 1990, p. 5.
57.
Ibid.
Initials used:
ADM | Admiralty |
AWM | Australian War Memorial, Canberra |
HMSO | His Majesty's Stationery Office, Kew, London |
ML | Mitchell Library, Sydney |
NA | National Archives, Kew, London |
NAA | National Archives of Australia, Canberra |
SLQ | State Library of Queensland, Brisbane |
SLNSW | State Library of New South Wales, Sydney |
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