John Quincy Adams (49 page)
Authors: Harlow Unger
24
Ibid., 9:222.
Ibid., 9:222.
27
Ibid., 341.
Ibid., 341.
29
Ibid., Pt. 2, 1586â1735.
Ibid., Pt. 2, 1586â1735.
30
“Dirk Hatteraik” to JQA, February 10, 1837, AP MHS.
“Dirk Hatteraik” to JQA, February 10, 1837, AP MHS.
31
“Justice” to JQA, April 28, 1837, AP MHS.
“Justice” to JQA, April 28, 1837, AP MHS.
32
Jack Shepherd,
The Adams Chronicles: Four Generations of Greatness
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1975), 332.
CHAPTER 14Jack Shepherd,
The Adams Chronicles: Four Generations of Greatness
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1975), 332.
1
JQA to Reverend Charles W. Upham, February 2, 1837, AP MHS.
JQA to Reverend Charles W. Upham, February 2, 1837, AP MHS.
2
William Russell (1741â1793) was best known as a historian, having written
The History of America, from the First Discovery by Columbus to the Conclusion of the Late War
(1779) and the five-volume
History of Modern Europe
(1786). He wrote “Ode to Fortitude” in 1769.
William Russell (1741â1793) was best known as a historian, having written
The History of America, from the First Discovery by Columbus to the Conclusion of the Late War
(1779) and the five-volume
History of Modern Europe
(1786). He wrote “Ode to Fortitude” in 1769.
5
“A Virginian” to JQA, December 31, 1839, AP MHS.
“A Virginian” to JQA, December 31, 1839, AP MHS.
7
“Ka-le” to JQA, January 4, 1841, AP MHS.
“Ka-le” to JQA, January 4, 1841, AP MHS.
10
“Argument of John Quincy Adams Before the Supreme Court of the United States . . . ,” History Central,
http://www.historycentral.com/amistad/amistad.html
(originally published by S. W. Benedict, 1841).
“Argument of John Quincy Adams Before the Supreme Court of the United States . . . ,” History Central,
http://www.historycentral.com/amistad/amistad.html
(originally published by S. W. Benedict, 1841).
11
Ibid.
Ibid.
12
Ibid.
Ibid.
14
Ibid.
Ibid.
16
Roger S. Baldwin to JQA, March 12, 1841, AP MHS.
Roger S. Baldwin to JQA, March 12, 1841, AP MHS.
17
JQA to Charles Francis Adams, April 14, 1841, in ibid.
JQA to Charles Francis Adams, April 14, 1841, in ibid.
18
Anonymous (from Dumfries, Virginia) to JQA, June 15, 1841, in ibid.
Anonymous (from Dumfries, Virginia) to JQA, June 15, 1841, in ibid.
20
By 1845, Plumbe had opened a chain of twenty-five studios, and working out of his Washington studio in that same year, he became the first photographer to make a portrait of a sitting President, James K. Polk. His other subjects included Dolley Madison, Daniel Webster, Martin Van Buren, and John James Audubon. Although photographers took portrait shots of Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, William Henry Harrison, John Tyler, and James K. Polk, all had photo-portraits; John Quincy Adams, although out of office, was the earliest American President ever to be photographed.
By 1845, Plumbe had opened a chain of twenty-five studios, and working out of his Washington studio in that same year, he became the first photographer to make a portrait of a sitting President, James K. Polk. His other subjects included Dolley Madison, Daniel Webster, Martin Van Buren, and John James Audubon. Although photographers took portrait shots of Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, William Henry Harrison, John Tyler, and James K. Polk, all had photo-portraits; John Quincy Adams, although out of office, was the earliest American President ever to be photographed.
22
Bemis,
Union
, citing Theodore Weld to Angelina G. Weld and Sarah Grimké, January 23, 1842,
Weld-Grimké Letters
, January 23, 1842, 2, 899â1000, in Bemis,
Union
, 426.
Bemis,
Union
, citing Theodore Weld to Angelina G. Weld and Sarah Grimké, January 23, 1842,
Weld-Grimké Letters
, January 23, 1842, 2, 899â1000, in Bemis,
Union
, 426.
26
Ibid., 56.
Ibid., 56.
30
Allan Nevins, ed.,
The Diary of John Quincy Adams, 1794â1845
(New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1951), xxvii.
Allan Nevins, ed.,
The Diary of John Quincy Adams, 1794â1845
(New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1951), xxvii.
31
Barton H. Wise,
The Life of Henry Wise of Virginia, 1806â1876
(New York: Macmillan, 1899), 61â62, cited in Bemis,
Union
, 436â437.
Barton H. Wise,
The Life of Henry Wise of Virginia, 1806â1876
(New York: Macmillan, 1899), 61â62, cited in Bemis,
Union
, 436â437.
32
Letters to JQA from Isaac Fisher (February 15, 1842), William Shinn (March 4, 1842), and John Greenleaf Whittier (January 31, 1842), AP MHS.
Letters to JQA from Isaac Fisher (February 15, 1842), William Shinn (March 4, 1842), and John Greenleaf Whittier (January 31, 1842), AP MHS.
33
T. H. Brower to JQA, February 8, 1842, AP MHS.
T. H. Brower to JQA, February 8, 1842, AP MHS.
35
Ibid., 11:383.
Ibid., 11:383.
36
Abraham Lincoln Speech in the U.S. House of Representatives on Internal Improvements, June 20, 1848, in
Abraham Lincoln: Speeches and Writings, 1832â1858
, ed. Don E. Fehrenbacher (New York: Library of America, 1989), 187â198.
Abraham Lincoln Speech in the U.S. House of Representatives on Internal Improvements, June 20, 1848, in
Abraham Lincoln: Speeches and Writings, 1832â1858
, ed. Don E. Fehrenbacher (New York: Library of America, 1989), 187â198.
37
LCA to her niece Abigail Brooks Adams, December 9, 1847, reel 536, AP MHS.
LCA to her niece Abigail Brooks Adams, December 9, 1847, reel 536, AP MHS.
41
Token of a Nation's Sorrow: Addresses to the Congress of the United States and Funeral Solemnities on the Death of John Quincy Adams Who Died in the Capitol at Washington on Wednesday Evening, February 23, 1848
(Washington: J. and G. S. Gideon, 1848), in Bemis,
Union
, 538.
Token of a Nation's Sorrow: Addresses to the Congress of the United States and Funeral Solemnities on the Death of John Quincy Adams Who Died in the Capitol at Washington on Wednesday Evening, February 23, 1848
(Washington: J. and G. S. Gideon, 1848), in Bemis,
Union
, 538.
43
Memoirs
, 7:164, mistakenly published in his
Memoirs
as written on October 30, 1826. In his old age, JQA had slipped the undated poem at random between pages of his diary bearing the 1826 date, and his son, Charles Francis, in compiling his father's
Memoirs
for publication, assumed that was the date on which his father had written it.
Memoirs
, 7:164, mistakenly published in his
Memoirs
as written on October 30, 1826. In his old age, JQA had slipped the undated poem at random between pages of his diary bearing the 1826 date, and his son, Charles Francis, in compiling his father's
Memoirs
for publication, assumed that was the date on which his father had written it.
44
JQA “To My Children,” September 18, 1809, reel 408, AP MHS.
JQA “To My Children,” September 18, 1809, reel 408, AP MHS.
Bibliography and Research Resources
W. W. Abbott, Dorothy Twohig, Philander D. Chase, and Theodore Crackel, eds.
The Papers of George Washington, Presidential Series
. 16 vols. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1987â(in progress).
The Papers of George Washington, Presidential Series
. 16 vols. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1987â(in progress).
Abigail Adams.
My Dearest Friend: Letters of Abigail and John Adams
, edited by Margaret A. Hogan and C. James Taylor. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2007.
My Dearest Friend: Letters of Abigail and John Adams
, edited by Margaret A. Hogan and C. James Taylor. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2007.
Charles Francis Adams.
Charles Francis Adams
. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1900.
Charles Francis Adams
. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1900.
âââ, ed.
Letters of John Adams Addressed to His Wife
. 2 vols. Boston: C. C. Little and J. Brown, 1841.
Letters of John Adams Addressed to His Wife
. 2 vols. Boston: C. C. Little and J. Brown, 1841.
âââ, ed.
Memoirs of John Quincy Adams, Comprising Portions of His Diary from 1795 to 1848
. 12 vols. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1874â1877.
Memoirs of John Quincy Adams, Comprising Portions of His Diary from 1795 to 1848
. 12 vols. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1874â1877.
âââ, ed.
The Works of John Adams, Second President of the United States
. 10 vols. Boston: Little, Brown, 1856.
The Works of John Adams, Second President of the United States
. 10 vols. Boston: Little, Brown, 1856.
Henry Adams.
The Education of Henry Adams: An Autobiography
. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1918.
The Education of Henry Adams: An Autobiography
. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1918.
âââ.
History of the United States of America during the Administrations of Jefferson and Madison, 1807â1817
. 9 vols. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1889â1891.
History of the United States of America during the Administrations of Jefferson and Madison, 1807â1817
. 9 vols. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1889â1891.
John Adams.
The Political Writings of John Adams
, edited by George A. Peek Jr. New York: Liberal Arts Press, American Heritage Series, 1954.
The Political Writings of John Adams
, edited by George A. Peek Jr. New York: Liberal Arts Press, American Heritage Series, 1954.
âââ.
The Revolutionary Writings of John Adams
. Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund, 2000.
The Revolutionary Writings of John Adams
. Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund, 2000.
âââ.
Thoughts on Government
. Philadelphia: John Dunlop, 1776.
Thoughts on Government
. Philadelphia: John Dunlop, 1776.
John Quincy Adams.
Diary of John Quincy Adams
. 2 vols. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1981.
Diary of John Quincy Adams
. 2 vols. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1981.
âââ.
Lectures on Rhetoric and Oratory Delivered to the Senior and Junior Sophisters in Harvard University
. 2 vols. Boston: Hillard and Metcalf, 1810.
Lectures on Rhetoric and Oratory Delivered to the Senior and Junior Sophisters in Harvard University
. 2 vols. Boston: Hillard and Metcalf, 1810.
âââ.
The Lives of James Madison and James Monroe, Fourth and Fifth Presidents of the United States
. Rochester, NY: Erastus Darrow; Buffalo: G. H. Derby, 1850.
The Lives of James Madison and James Monroe, Fourth and Fifth Presidents of the United States
. Rochester, NY: Erastus Darrow; Buffalo: G. H. Derby, 1850.
âââ.
Poems of Religion and Society, with Notices of His Life and Character by John Davis and T. H. Benton
. New York: William H. Graham, 1848.
Poems of Religion and Society, with Notices of His Life and Character by John Davis and T. H. Benton
. New York: William H. Graham, 1848.
âââ.
The Writings of John Quincy Adams
, edited by Worthington Chauncey Ford. 7 vols. New York: Macmillan, 1913â1917.
The Writings of John Quincy Adams
, edited by Worthington Chauncey Ford. 7 vols. New York: Macmillan, 1913â1917.
Herbert S. Allan.
John Hancock: Patriot in Purple
. New York: Beechhurst Press, 1953.
John Hancock: Patriot in Purple
. New York: Beechhurst Press, 1953.
âââ.
American State Papers: Foreign Relations
. 38 vols. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1832â1861.
American State Papers: Foreign Relations
. 38 vols. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1832â1861.
Harry Ammon.
The Genet Mission
. New York: W. W. Norton, 1973.
The Genet Mission
. New York: W. W. Norton, 1973.
âââ.
James Monroe: The Quest for National Identity
. Newtown, CT: American Political Biography Press, 1971.
James Monroe: The Quest for National Identity
. Newtown, CT: American Political Biography Press, 1971.
Irving H. Bartlett.
John C. Calhoun: A Biography
. New York: W. W. Norton, 1993.
John C. Calhoun: A Biography
. New York: W. W. Norton, 1993.
Spencer Bassett, ed.
Correspondence of Andrew Jackson
. 6 vols. Washington, DC: Carnegie Institution, 1926â1933.
Correspondence of Andrew Jackson
. 6 vols. Washington, DC: Carnegie Institution, 1926â1933.
Samuel Flagg Bemis.
John Quincy Adams and the Foundations of American Foreign Policy
. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1950.
John Quincy Adams and the Foundations of American Foreign Policy
. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1950.
âââ.
John Quincy Adams and the Union
. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1956.
John Quincy Adams and the Union
. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1956.
Albert J. Beveridge.
The Life of John Marshall
. 4 vols. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1916â1919.
The Life of John Marshall
. 4 vols. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1916â1919.
Julian P. Boyd et al., eds.
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
. 34 vols. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1950â(in progress).
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
. 34 vols. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1950â(in progress).
Irving Brant.
James Madison: Commander in Chief, 1812â1836
. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1961.
James Madison: Commander in Chief, 1812â1836
. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1961.
Richard Brookhiser.
James Madison
. New York: Basic Books, 2011.
James Madison
. New York: Basic Books, 2011.
Stuart Gerry Brown, ed.
The Autobiography of James Monroe
. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1959.
The Autobiography of James Monroe
. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1959.
Nina Burleigh.
The Stranger and the Statesman: James Smithson, John Quincy Adams, and the Making of America's Greatest Museum
. New York: HarperCollins, 2003.
The Stranger and the Statesman: James Smithson, John Quincy Adams, and the Making of America's Greatest Museum
. New York: HarperCollins, 2003.
L. H. Butterfield, ed.
The Adams Papers: Diary and Autobiography of John Adams
. 4 vols. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1961.
The Adams Papers: Diary and Autobiography of John Adams
. 4 vols. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1961.
L. H. Butterfield, et al.
The Adams Papers: Adams Family Correspondence
. 10 vols. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1963â2010.
The Adams Papers: Adams Family Correspondence
. 10 vols. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1963â2010.
Lester J. Cappon, ed.
The Adams-Jefferson Letters: The Complete Correspondence between Thomas Jefferson and Abigail and John Adams
. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1959.
The Adams-Jefferson Letters: The Complete Correspondence between Thomas Jefferson and Abigail and John Adams
. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1959.
Ron Chernow.
Alexander Hamilton
. New York: Penguin Press, 2009.
Alexander Hamilton
. New York: Penguin Press, 2009.
Lawrence A. Cremin.
American Education: The Colonial Experience, 1607â1783
. New York: Harper & Row, 1970.
American Education: The Colonial Experience, 1607â1783
. New York: Harper & Row, 1970.
W. P. Cresson.
James Monroe
. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1946.
James Monroe
. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1946.
Marcus Cunliffe.
The Nation Takes Shape, 1789â1837
. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1959.
The Nation Takes Shape, 1789â1837
. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1959.
Noble E. Cunningham Jr.
Jefferson and Monroe: Constant Friendship and Respect
. Monticello, VA: Thomas Jefferson Foundation, 2003.
Jefferson and Monroe: Constant Friendship and Respect
. Monticello, VA: Thomas Jefferson Foundation, 2003.
âââ.
The Presidency of James Monroe
. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1996.
The Presidency of James Monroe
. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1996.
George Dangerfield.
Awakening of American Nationalism
. New York: Harper & Row, 1965.
Awakening of American Nationalism
. New York: Harper & Row, 1965.
âââ.
The Era of Good Feelings
. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1952.
The Era of Good Feelings
. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1952.
Alexander DeConde.
The Affair of Louisiana
. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1976.
The Affair of Louisiana
. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1976.
âââ.
Entangling Alliance
. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1958.
Entangling Alliance
. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1958.
âââ.
The Quasi-War: The Politics and Diplomacy of the Undeclared War with France, 1797â1801
. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1966.
The Quasi-War: The Politics and Diplomacy of the Undeclared War with France, 1797â1801
. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1966.
David W. Dent.
The Legacy of the Monroe Doctrine: A Reference Guide to U. S. Involvement in Latin America and the Caribbean
. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999.
The Legacy of the Monroe Doctrine: A Reference Guide to U. S. Involvement in Latin America and the Caribbean
. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999.
Maurice Denuzière.
Je te nomme Louisiane: Découverte, colonisation et vente de la Louisiane
. Paris: Editions Denoël, 1990.
Je te nomme Louisiane: Découverte, colonisation et vente de la Louisiane
. Paris: Editions Denoël, 1990.
Alice Morse Earle.
Child Life in Colonial Days
. Stockbridge, MA: Berkshire House Publishers, 1993.
Child Life in Colonial Days
. Stockbridge, MA: Berkshire House Publishers, 1993.
E. F. Ellet.
Court Circles of the Republic from Washington to Grant
. Hartford, CT: Hartford Publishing, 1869.
Court Circles of the Republic from Washington to Grant
. Hartford, CT: Hartford Publishing, 1869.
Joseph J. Ellis.
First Family: Abigail and John Adams
. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2010.
First Family: Abigail and John Adams
. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2010.
John Ferling.
John Adams: A Life
. New York: Henry Holt, 1992.
John Adams: A Life
. New York: Henry Holt, 1992.
John C. Fitzpatrick, ed.
The Writings of George Washington
. 39 vols. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1931â1944.
The Writings of George Washington
. 39 vols. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1931â1944.
Paul Leicester Ford.
The Writings of Thomas Jefferson
. 10 vols. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1892â1899.
The Writings of Thomas Jefferson
. 10 vols. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1892â1899.
Worthington Chauncey Ford, ed.
Journals of the Continental Congress
. 34 vols. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1904â1936.
Journals of the Continental Congress
. 34 vols. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1904â1936.
âââ, ed.
Statesman and Friend: The Correspondence of John Adams with Benjamin Waterhouse, 1784â1822
. Boston: Little, Brown, 1927.
Statesman and Friend: The Correspondence of John Adams with Benjamin Waterhouse, 1784â1822
. Boston: Little, Brown, 1927.
âââ, ed.
Warren-Adams Letters, Being Chiefly a Correspondence among John Adams, Samuel Adams, Jr., and James Warren, 1743â1814
. 2 vols. Boston: Little, Brown, 1917â1925.
Warren-Adams Letters, Being Chiefly a Correspondence among John Adams, Samuel Adams, Jr., and James Warren, 1743â1814
. 2 vols. Boston: Little, Brown, 1917â1925.
âââ, ed.
The Writings of John Quincy Adams
. 7 vols. New York: Macmillan, 1913â1917.
The Writings of John Quincy Adams
. 7 vols. New York: Macmillan, 1913â1917.
William M. Fowler Jr.
The Baron of Beacon Hill: A Biography of John Hancock
. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1980.
The Baron of Beacon Hill: A Biography of John Hancock
. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1980.
Other books
Tangled Up (Bachelors of Buttermilk Falls #2) by Robyn Neeley
The Cold Steel Mind by Niall Teasdale
The Wolf Gift by Anne Rice
Hand Me Down World by Lloyd Jones
Designing Berlin by Azod, Shara
An Amazing Rescue by Chloe Ryder
Eye for an Eye by Frank Muir
Vanishing Point by Danielle Ramsay
Changes of Heart by Paige Lee Elliston
Silver Dawn (Wishes #4.5) by G. J. Walker-Smith