John Quincy Adams (46 page)
Authors: Harlow Unger
8
Ibid.
Ibid.
9
Boston Sons of Liberty to John Wilkes, November 4, 1769, in
Papers of John Adams
, ed. Robert J. Taylor, 10 vols. (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1983), 1:233.
Boston Sons of Liberty to John Wilkes, November 4, 1769, in
Papers of John Adams
, ed. Robert J. Taylor, 10 vols. (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1983), 1:233.
10
Ibid.
Ibid.
11
William M. Fowler Jr.,
The Baron of Beacon Hill: A Biography of John Hancock
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1980), 181.
William M. Fowler Jr.,
The Baron of Beacon Hill: A Biography of John Hancock
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1980), 181.
13
Abigail Adams to Mary Cranch, October 6, 1766, in John Ferling,
John Adams: A Life
(New York: Henry Holt, 1992), 53.
Abigail Adams to Mary Cranch, October 6, 1766, in John Ferling,
John Adams: A Life
(New York: Henry Holt, 1992), 53.
14
Worthington Chauncey Ford, ed.,
Journals of the Continental Congress
, 34 vols. (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1904â1936), 2:77â78.
Worthington Chauncey Ford, ed.,
Journals of the Continental Congress
, 34 vols. (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1904â1936), 2:77â78.
15
AA to JA, May 24, 1775, in
Adams Family Correspondence
, ed. L. H. Butterfield et al., 10 vols. (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1963â2007), 1:204â206 (hereafter AFC).
AA to JA, May 24, 1775, in
Adams Family Correspondence
, ed. L. H. Butterfield et al., 10 vols. (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1963â2007), 1:204â206 (hereafter AFC).
16
JA to AA, May 29, 1775, and June 2, 1775, in ibid., 206â209.
JA to AA, May 29, 1775, and June 2, 1775, in ibid., 206â209.
17
Charles Francis Adams, ed.,
The Works of John Adams, Second President of the United States
, 10 vols. (Boston: Little, Brown, 1856), 2:416â417 (hereafter Adams,
Works
).
Charles Francis Adams, ed.,
The Works of John Adams, Second President of the United States
, 10 vols. (Boston: Little, Brown, 1856), 2:416â417 (hereafter Adams,
Works
).
18
John Hancock to Joseph Warren, June 18, 1775, in Herbert S. Allan,
John Hancock: Patriot in Purple
(New York: Beechhurst Press, 1953), 196.
John Hancock to Joseph Warren, June 18, 1775, in Herbert S. Allan,
John Hancock: Patriot in Purple
(New York: Beechhurst Press, 1953), 196.
19
Abigail Adams,
My Dearest Friend: Letters of Abigail and John Adams
, ed. Margaret A. Hogan and C. James Taylor (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2007), 65â68.
Abigail Adams,
My Dearest Friend: Letters of Abigail and John Adams
, ed. Margaret A. Hogan and C. James Taylor (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2007), 65â68.
20
Ibid.
Ibid.
21
AA to JA, June 18, 1775, in AFC, 1:222.
AA to JA, June 18, 1775, in AFC, 1:222.
22
Ibid.
Ibid.
24
AA to JA, June 25, 1775, in AFC, 1: 230â233.
AA to JA, June 25, 1775, in AFC, 1: 230â233.
26
AA to JA, June 22, 1775, in AFC, 1:225â226.
AA to JA, June 22, 1775, in AFC, 1:225â226.
27
Ibid.
Ibid.
29
JA to AA, June 23, 1777, in ibid., 183â184.
JA to AA, June 23, 1777, in ibid., 183â184.
33
JA to AA, May 22, 1776, in AFC, 1:412â413.
JA to AA, May 22, 1776, in AFC, 1:412â413.
36
AA to JA, May 7, 1776, in AFC, 1:375, 387; 2:13â16.
AA to JA, May 7, 1776, in AFC, 1:375, 387; 2:13â16.
37
JA to AA, in AFC, 2:50â51.
JA to AA, in AFC, 2:50â51.
42
AA to John Lovell, December 15, 1777[?], in AFC, 2:370â371.
AA to John Lovell, December 15, 1777[?], in AFC, 2:370â371.
43
AA to Lovell, December 15, 1777, in AFC, 2:370â371.
AA to Lovell, December 15, 1777, in AFC, 2:370â371.
44
AA to JQA, June [10?] 1778, in AFC, 3: 37â39.
AA to JQA, June [10?] 1778, in AFC, 3: 37â39.
46
Ibid., 12.
Ibid., 12.
47
Ibid.
CHAPTER 2Ibid.
2
Ibid., 276â277.
Ibid., 276â277.
3
Ibid.
Ibid.
4
Ibid., 277.
Ibid., 277.
5
Ibid.
Ibid.
6
Ibid., 276.
Ibid., 276.
7
Ibid., 272.
Ibid., 272.
8
Ibid., 272â273.
Ibid., 272â273.
9
Ibid., 273.
Ibid., 273.
10
Ibid., 284.
Ibid., 284.
11
Ibid., 293â294.
Ibid., 293â294.
12
Ibid., 295â296.
Ibid., 295â296.
13
Ibid., 296.
Ibid., 296.
14
Ibid., 307.
Ibid., 307.
17
Ibid., 367.
Ibid., 367.
20
Ibid., 385.
Ibid., 385.
21
John Adams,
The Revolutionary Writings of John Adams
(Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund, 2000), Part 10, “The Report of a Constitution or Form of Government for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts,” 298.
John Adams,
The Revolutionary Writings of John Adams
(Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund, 2000), Part 10, “The Report of a Constitution or Form of Government for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts,” 298.
23
JA to AA, November 13, 1779, in ibid.
JA to AA, November 13, 1779, in ibid.
24
AFC, 3:233.
AFC, 3:233.
28
AA to JQA, September 29, 1778, in AFC, 3:97â98.
AA to JQA, September 29, 1778, in AFC, 3:97â98.
30
JA to JQA, December 20, 1780, in AFC, 38â39.
JA to JQA, December 20, 1780, in AFC, 38â39.
31
AA to JQA, January 21, 1781, in AFC, 3: 67â68.
AA to JQA, January 21, 1781, in AFC, 3: 67â68.
32
AA to JQA, May 26, 1781, in ibid., 136â137.
CHAPTER 3AA to JQA, May 26, 1781, in ibid., 136â137.
1
Ibid., 92, 96.
Ibid., 92, 96.
2
Ibid., 99.
Ibid., 99.
3
JQA to John Thaxter, September 8â19, 1781, in AFC, 4:214; JQA to JA, August 21, 1781, in AFC, 4:206â207.
JQA to John Thaxter, September 8â19, 1781, in AFC, 4:214; JQA to JA, August 21, 1781, in AFC, 4:206â207.
5
JA to JQA, December 15, 1781, in AFC, 4:264.
JA to JQA, December 15, 1781, in AFC, 4:264.
6
JA to JQA, February 5, 1782, in ibid., 282â283.
JA to JQA, February 5, 1782, in ibid., 282â283.
7
JA to JQA, May 13, 1782, in ibid., 322â323.
JA to JQA, May 13, 1782, in ibid., 322â323.
8
JQA to JA, February 21âMarch 4, 1782, in ibid., 286â287.
JQA to JA, February 21âMarch 4, 1782, in ibid., 286â287.
9
JQA to Alexander H. Everett, August 19, 1811, Everett-Peabody Papers, MHS.
JQA to Alexander H. Everett, August 19, 1811, Everett-Peabody Papers, MHS.
13
AA to JQA, November 20, 1783, in AFC, 5:272â275.
AA to JQA, November 20, 1783, in AFC, 5:272â275.
16
September 20, 1783, in ibid., 1:192.
September 20, 1783, in ibid., 1:192.
17
AA to JA, July 23, 1784, in ibid., 397â399.
AA to JA, July 23, 1784, in ibid., 397â399.
18
JA to AA, July 26, 1784, in ibid., 399â400.
JA to AA, July 26, 1784, in ibid., 399â400.
19
AA to Mary Smith Cranch, July 6âJuly 30, 1784, in ibid., 382.
AA to Mary Smith Cranch, July 6âJuly 30, 1784, in ibid., 382.
20
Ibid.
Ibid.
21
AA to JA, July 30, 1784, in ibid., 408â409.
AA to JA, July 30, 1784, in ibid., 408â409.
24
Ibid., 236â256.
Ibid., 236â256.
25
Ibid., 224.
Ibid., 224.
26
AA to Lucy Cranch, September 5, 1784, in AFC, 5:436â439.
AA to Lucy Cranch, September 5, 1784, in AFC, 5:436â439.
28
Morison,
Three Centuries of Harvard
, 136. A legendary Harvard professor of history, Morison was graduated from Harvard in 1908 and won two Pulitzer Prizes for biographies of Christopher Columbus and John Paul Jones. Among many other works, he wrote the monumental fifteen-volume
History of the United States Naval Operations in World War II, The Oxford History of the American People
, and
The Intellectual Life of Colonial New England
.
Morison,
Three Centuries of Harvard
, 136. A legendary Harvard professor of history, Morison was graduated from Harvard in 1908 and won two Pulitzer Prizes for biographies of Christopher Columbus and John Paul Jones. Among many other works, he wrote the monumental fifteen-volume
History of the United States Naval Operations in World War II, The Oxford History of the American People
, and
The Intellectual Life of Colonial New England
.
29
JA to Benjamin Waterhouse, December 13, 1784, in Worthington Chauncey Ford, ed.,
Statesman and Friend: The Correspondence of John Adams with Benjamin Waterhouse, 1784â1822
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1927), 6.
JA to Benjamin Waterhouse, December 13, 1784, in Worthington Chauncey Ford, ed.,
Statesman and Friend: The Correspondence of John Adams with Benjamin Waterhouse, 1784â1822
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1927), 6.
31
Thomas Jefferson to John Adams, May 25, 1785, AP MHS.
Thomas Jefferson to John Adams, May 25, 1785, AP MHS.
33
Ibid., 290.
Ibid., 290.
34
Ibid., 296.
Ibid., 296.
35
Ibid., 299.
Ibid., 299.
36
JQA to “Nabby,” in AFC, 6:251â256.
JQA to “Nabby,” in AFC, 6:251â256.
38
Mary Smith Cranch to AA, August 14, 1785, in AFC, 6:268â275.
CHAPTER 4Mary Smith Cranch to AA, August 14, 1785, in AFC, 6:268â275.
1
Ibid., 406.
Ibid., 406.
2
Ibid., 334.
Ibid., 334.
3
Ibid., 383.
Ibid., 383.
4
Ibid., 378.
Ibid., 378.
5
Ibid., 335, 339.
Ibid., 335, 339.
6
Ibid., 390.
Ibid., 390.
7
Ibid., 410.
Ibid., 410.
8
Ibid., 2:28â29.
Ibid., 2:28â29.
9
JA to JQA, May 26, 1786, in AFC, 7:205â206.
JA to JQA, May 26, 1786, in AFC, 7:205â206.
11
AA to JQA, July 21, 1786, in AFC, 7:274â277.
AA to JQA, July 21, 1786, in AFC, 7:274â277.
12
Paul C. Nagel,
John Quincy Adams: A Public Life, a Private Life
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997), 53.
Paul C. Nagel,
John Quincy Adams: A Public Life, a Private Life
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997), 53.
13
JQA to AA, December 30, 1786, in AFC, 7:417â420.
JQA to AA, December 30, 1786, in AFC, 7:417â420.
15
Ibid., 361.
Ibid., 361.
17
Ibid., 2:343.
Ibid., 2:343.
19
JQA to AA, November 20, 1790, in AFC, 9:146â149.
JQA to AA, November 20, 1790, in AFC, 9:146â149.
20
JQA to AA, December 14, 1790, in ibid., 161â162.
JQA to AA, December 14, 1790, in ibid., 161â162.
21
JA to JQA, December 13, 1790, in ibid., 160.
JA to JQA, December 13, 1790, in ibid., 160.
22
Letters of Publicola
in
The Selected Writings of John and John Quincy Adams,
ed. Adrienne Koch and William Peden (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1946), 227.
Letters of Publicola
in
The Selected Writings of John and John Quincy Adams,
ed. Adrienne Koch and William Peden (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1946), 227.
24
George A. Peek Jr., ed.,
The Political Writings of John Adams
(New York: Liberal Arts Press, American Heritage Series, 1954), 194.
George A. Peek Jr., ed.,
The Political Writings of John Adams
(New York: Liberal Arts Press, American Heritage Series, 1954), 194.
27
JQA to JA, February 10, 1793, in AFC.
JQA to JA, February 10, 1793, in AFC.
29
Douglas Southall Freeman,
George Washington
:
A Biography,
completed by John Alexander Carroll and Mary Wells Ashworth, 7 vols. (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1957), 7:36.
Douglas Southall Freeman,
George Washington
:
A Biography,
completed by John Alexander Carroll and Mary Wells Ashworth, 7 vols. (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1957), 7:36.
30
Meade Minnigerode,
Jefferson, Friend of France 1793: The Career of Edmond Charles Genet
(New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1928), 207.
Meade Minnigerode,
Jefferson, Friend of France 1793: The Career of Edmond Charles Genet
(New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1928), 207.
31
Alexander DeConde,
Entangling Alliance
(Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1958), 181; Dumas Malone,
Jefferson and the Ordeal of Liberty
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1962), 97.
Alexander DeConde,
Entangling Alliance
(Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1958), 181; Dumas Malone,
Jefferson and the Ordeal of Liberty
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1962), 97.
33
George Washington to Thomas Jefferson, April 12, 1793, in
The Papers of George Washington, Presidential Series, September, 1788âMay 1793
, ed. W. W. Abbott, Dorothy Twohig, Philander D, Chase, and Theodore J. Crackel, 12 vols. (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1987â2005, 16 vols. [in progress]), 12:448â449.
George Washington to Thomas Jefferson, April 12, 1793, in
The Papers of George Washington, Presidential Series, September, 1788âMay 1793
, ed. W. W. Abbott, Dorothy Twohig, Philander D, Chase, and Theodore J. Crackel, 12 vols. (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1987â2005, 16 vols. [in progress]), 12:448â449.
35
Harlow Giles Unger,
Noah Webster: The Life and Times of an American Patriot
(New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1998), 71, 183.
Harlow Giles Unger,
Noah Webster: The Life and Times of an American Patriot
(New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1998), 71, 183.
36
John Adams to Thomas Jefferson, June 30, 1813, in
The Adams-Jefferson Letters: The Complete Correspondence Between Thomas Jefferson and Abigail and John Adams
, ed. Lester J. Cappon (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1959), 346â347.
John Adams to Thomas Jefferson, June 30, 1813, in
The Adams-Jefferson Letters: The Complete Correspondence Between Thomas Jefferson and Abigail and John Adams
, ed. Lester J. Cappon (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1959), 346â347.
38
Archives des Affaires Ãtrangères, Ministère des Affaires Ãtrangères, Quai d'Orsay, Paris, France, vol. 38, Dossier “Correspondence Consulaire: Genet.”
Archives des Affaires Ãtrangères, Ministère des Affaires Ãtrangères, Quai d'Orsay, Paris, France, vol. 38, Dossier “Correspondence Consulaire: Genet.”
42
JA to JQA, April 23, 1794, in AFC, 10:150â152.
JA to JQA, April 23, 1794, in AFC, 10:150â152.
43
JA to JQA, May 26, 1794, in ibid., 192â193.
JA to JQA, May 26, 1794, in ibid., 192â193.
44
JA to JQA, May 29 and 30, 1794, in ibid., 197â200.
JA to JQA, May 29 and 30, 1794, in ibid., 197â200.
45
JA to JQA, May 30, 1794, in ibid., 199.
JA to JQA, May 30, 1794, in ibid., 199.
46
AA to Martha Washington, June 20, 1794, in ibid., 206.
AA to Martha Washington, June 20, 1794, in ibid., 206.
48
AA to JQA, July 20, 1794, in AFC, 10:215.
AA to JQA, July 20, 1794, in AFC, 10:215.
49
JA to JQA, August 24, 1794, in ibid., 227â228.
JA to JQA, August 24, 1794, in ibid., 227â228.
50
JA to John Quincy Adams and Thomas Boylston Adams, September 14, 1794, in ibid., 230.
JA to John Quincy Adams and Thomas Boylston Adams, September 14, 1794, in ibid., 230.
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