Life in a Medieval Castle (27 page)

R
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Feudalism.

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, C. R., “Dramatic Aspects of Medieval Folk-Festivals in England.”
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The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific passage, please use the search feature of your e-book reader.

accounts, household, 97, 100–103, 195

manorial, 162

agisters, 139

agricultural technology, 55, 151–153

aids, 47–49, 229

Aigues-Mortes, 238

Ain Tounga, 12

Albertus Magnus, 92

Albigensians, 186, 193, 194–195

ale, 115

Alençon, 190

Alexander III, king of Scotland, 73, 84, 116

Alfonso I, king of Aragon, 240

Alfonso VI, king of Castile, 243, 244

All Hallows, 207

allure, 225

Almeria, 242

almoner, 105–106, 229

alms, 102, 105–106, 163

Anamur, 248

Andreas Capellanus, 87–90

Angers, 221, 238, 240

Anglo-Saxon castles, 13, 20

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle,
14, 35, 135

Anglo-Saxons, 9, 11, 12–14, 16, 19, 32, 43, 62

Annals of Dunstable,
179, 196–197

Antioch, 200

archery, 111, 128, 192, 195–196, 200

Aristotle, 92

armor, 166–167, 170–171, 172, 174, 189, 218, 219

Arques (Arques-la-Bataille), 202–203, 204, 237

arrow loops, 26–28, 188, 226

Arthur, King, 172–173, 181

Arthur of Brittany, 86, 202–203

Arundel, earl of (Hugh d’Aubigny), 96, 142

Arundel Castle, 9, 220

assault tower, 191–192, 196, 200, 225

Aucassin and Nicolette,
75–76

Austrian castles, 244–246

Baibars, 247

bailey, ii, 2, 3, 11, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 58, 195, 196–197, 225, 239, 241

bailiff, 98, 111, 156, 161–162, 163, 229

Baldwin, count of Flanders, 198

Baldwin of Redvers, 190

ballista, 195, 225

Baños de la Encina, 242

barbican, ii, 3, 6, 18, 27, 29, 30, 188, 196, 225, 239, 241, 246

Bari, 240

Barletta, 240

baronial council, 97, 111

Bastille, 223

bathing, 71, 109

battering ram, 192, 193, 226

Bayeux Tapestry, 183

Beaumaris, 29, 236

Bedford, 196–197

Belisarius, 12

benefice, 45–46, 50, 229

benes,
see
boons

Bergfried,
244, 245

Berkhamsted, 10, 234

Bernard de Ventadour, 118–119

Bertrand de Born, 175–176

Bigod, Maud, 38

Bigod, Roger II, earl of Norfolk, earl of Pembroke, earl marshal, 38, 39, 79, 139, 181

Bigod, Roger III, 27, 38, 55–56

Blanche of Castile, queen of France, 84

Bodiam, 219

Bohemund d’Hauteville, 200

boons, 155, 215–216

booty, 174–177, 202

Bréauté, Falkes de, 44, 80–81, 196–197

Bridge, Castle of, 141

Brionne, 21

Bruges, 19

buffet,
see colée

Burgh, Hubert de, 43, 180, 190

burhs,
12

butler, 96, 100, 115

buttery, 64–65, 68, 96, 104, 225

by-laws, 157–158

Byzantine castles, 12, 25, 247

Byzantines, 9, 12, 20, 25, 195

Caen, 96

Caerleon, 173

Caernarvon, 29, 236

Caerphilly, 30, 236

Calatrava la Nueva, 243

calendar,
see
holidays

Camelot, 173

Candlemas, 207, 213

cannon, 218–220

Canossa, 84, 240

Canterbury, 24

Capuan Castle, Naples, 240

carpets, 59–60

Carrickfergus, 247

carts, 99, 104, 106–107, 217

Castel del Monte, 241

castellan, 10, 28, 229

Castellan of Coucy
, 75, 120–121, 182

Castel Nuovo, Naples, 240

castle guard, 47, 69, 95, 229

Castracane, Castruccio, 241

cat,
see
assault tower

catapult, 192, 195, 225, 227

chamber, 24, 61, 67, 68–69, 70–71, 95, 109, 235

chamberlain, 43, 95–96, 104, 122–123, 169, 229

champion country (champagne),
see
open field

chancellor, 43, 95, 105, 229

chanson de geste,
39

Chanson de Roland,
184–185

chapel, 58, 70–71, 95, 111, 229, 234, 235

chaplain, 95, 96, 105, 111, 122, 197, 229

chariot branlant,
107

Charlemagne, 12, 44, 45–46, 48, 172, 184

Charles I, king of England, 220

Charles of Anjou, king of Sicily, 240

Charles the Bald, king of France, Holy

Roman emperor, 12

chases, 139

Chastel Pélérin, 248

Châteaudun, 237

Château Gaillard, 73, 198, 199, 203, 238

chemise, 25–26, 28, 225, 239

Chepstow, ii, 1–7, 16–20, 22–24, 26–27,
28, 30, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 43, 50, 55–56, 58–59, 61, 64–65, 67–68, 71, 76, 86, 96, 134, 139, 148, 180, 187–188, 191, 195, 203–204, 218–219, 220, 222

chess, 78, 121–122

chevauchée,
47, 229

Chillon, 246

chimneys, 63–64, 65

Chinon, 42, 238

chivalry, 92–94, 169–170, 172–177, 184–185

Chrétien de Troyes, 87, 173–174

Christmas, 206–207, 208–210

Chronicle of Melrose,
199–200

Cid, 177, 243

Cinq-Mars, Henri, Marquis de, 222

Civil War, English, 219, 220

Clare, Bogo de, 96–97, 104, 105, 106, 122

Clare, Gilbert Fitz Gilbert de (Strong-bow), earl of Pembroke, 33, 183, 205

Clare, Isabel de, 34, 36

Clare, Richard Fitz Gilbert de (Strong-bow), earl of Pembroke, 33, 205

Clare, Richard de, earl of Gloucester, 30

Clare, Walter de, 33

Clarendon, 67

coat of arms, 183–184

Coca, 244

Colchester, 24, 235

colée,
167–168, 169, 229

commendation, 45–46

Conisborough, 236

Conquest, Norman, of England, 8–21, 32–33

Consuegra, 243

Conway, 29, 236

cook, 96, 100, 111–114

cooking, 66, 100, 111–114

corridors, 70

cosmetics, 110

costume, 109–110

cottars, 153–154, 156

counsel, 47–49

courtly love, 87–90, 92–94

courts of love, 88–90

crenelation, 24, 27, 225

croft, 150

Cromwell, Oliver, 222

crops, 150, 152, 153

rotation of, 148, 152

crossbow, 195–196, 203

cruck house, 149

Crusader castles, 243, 246, 247–248

Crusade, 20–21, 27, 31, 39, 81

First, 20–21, 119–120, 171, 184, 186, 189–190, 195, 200, 229

Curia Regis,
see
royal council

curtain walls, 24, 26, 27, 58, 187, 221, 234, 238, 239, 241, 243, 244

dais, 62, 67

Dante (Alighieri), 176, 241

De Amore,
87–90, 93

Dean, Forest of, 134, 139

De Arte Venandi cum Avibus,
128–134

demesne, 33, 230

Denbigh, 29, 236

Dermot Mac Murrough, king of Leinster, 34

Devizes, 200–201

divorce, 79

dogs, 125–126, 127, 128, 133, 135, 137, 140, 144–146

Domesday Book,
19

donjon,
see
keep

Dornach, 246

Dover, 9, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 24, 26, 60, 194, 224, 235

dower, 79–80

drawbridge, 25–26, 29, 30, 188, 192, 226, 236, 237, 239

Drincourt, Battle of, 169, 174–175

dubbing, ceremony of, 166–169, 173

Dunois, Jean de, 237

Easter, 206–207, 213–214

Edmund, Prince (son of Henry III of England), 101

education, 77–78, 174

Edward, duke of York, 121

Edward I, king of England, 27, 28–29,
30, 55–56, 60, 66, 69, 101, 137, 139, 181, 195, 199–200, 210

Edward II, king of England, 71, 101

Edward V, king of England, 235

Edward the Confessor, king of England, 9

Eleanor of Aquitaine, 86–87, 88–90, 91, 118, 173, 202–203

Eleanor of Castile, 60

Eleanor of Provence, 142

Eltz, 245

enceinte, 226

engines, military,
see
weapons

Epiphany (Twelfth Day), 207, 213

escalade, 198, 200, 203

L’Escoufle,
122

estate management, 39, 40, 45, 81, 95, 97–104

Este, Castello d’, 241

Etampes, 237

etiquette, 115–116

Eustace of Boulogne, 14

Evesham, Battle of, 44, 55, 200

Exeter, 190

extramural towers, 242–244

Falaise, 219

falconers, 128, 130, 132, 133–134

falconry, 78, 128–134, 135, 137

Falkenberg, 246

fallowing, 151, 152

fealty, 40, 45–47

Feast of the Fools, 208

Ferdinand and Isabella (Ferdinand II and Isabella of Spain), 242, 243

fertilizing, 151–152

festivals,
see
holidays

feudalism, 32–33, 39–56, 182

fief, 33, 45, 50–56, 230

alienation (sale) of. 51–52

money, 53

multiple, 52–55

fireplace, 62–64, 69, 71, 74

fish, 66, 113–114

Fitz Hubert. Robert. 200, 211

Fitz Osbern, William, 14–19, 24, 33, 40, 43, 58, 60, 67, 134, 136, 185, 204

Fitzstephen, William, 208, 214

Flanders, Castle of the Counts of, 246

Flemish castles, 19, 246

Flint, 29, 236

floors, 59–60, 150

Florence of Worcester, 135

Flowers of History,
175

Foix, Gaston de la, 126

forebuilding, 24, 226, 235, 236

forest, 114, 135–146

administration of, 96, 137–140

courts, 138–146

law, 134-146

Forest Charter, 137, 144

foresters, 139, 141, 143–146

Fougères, 27, 28, 239

frankpledge, 160–161, 230

Frederick I (Barbarossa), Holy Roman emperor, 51–52, 171

Frederick II. Holy Roman emperor, 128, 133, 240–241

fruit, 114

Fulk, count of Anjou, 189–190

Fulk Nerra, count of Anjou, 21, 236, 238

furniture, 62–68, 69, 124, 150

Galbert of Bruges, 46

games, 121–122

Gangdays,
see
Rogation Days

garden, 66

garderobe,
see
latrine

garrison, 11, 29, 69, 95, 187, 188–190. 197–198, 201

Gate Fulford, Battle of, 13

gatehouse, ii. 1, 3, 6, 27, 29–30, 187–188, 219, 223, 234, 241

Geoffrey, count of Anjou, 166–167, 188

Geoffrey of Monmouth, 173

Gerald of Wales (Giraldus Cambrensis), 111, 129–130, 137

German castles, 244–246

Gesta Stephani, 85–86, 190, 200–202

Ghent, 19

Gioia del Colle, 240

Girart de Roussillon,
171, 177–178

Gisors, 25, 223, 236

glass, 59, 107

gleaning, 157–158

glebe, 163

Gonzaga family, 241

Gormaz, 243

Gravina, 240

Gregory VII, Pope, 240

Grosseteste, Robert, bishop of Lincoln, 74, 107–108, 116, 122

Guader, Ralph de, earl of Norfolk, 19–20, 204

Guadaira, Alcala de, 243

Guiot de Dijon, 119–120

gunpowder, 218–222

Hadrian’s Wall, 12

hall, 24, 27, 29, 58–65, 66, 67–74, 95, 109, 205, 222, 226, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239

hallmote,
see
manorial court

hamlet, 148–149

Harlech, 29, 236

Harold Godwinson, king of England, 9, 11, 13, 183

Harold Hardraada, king of Norway, 13

harvest-home, 215–217

Hastings, Battle of, 13, 16

Hastings Castle, 224

Haverford, 111

hawking,
see
falconry

Haye, Dame Nicolaa de la, 86

hayward, 162, 207, 230

heating, 62–64

Hedingham, 24

Heidenreichstein, 245

Helvise, countess of Evreux, 84

Henry, “the young king,” son of Henry II, 54, 169

Henry I, king of England, 33, 43, 52–53, 84, 90, 126–128, 136–137, 166–167, 188, 190, 204, 205, 236

Henry II, king of England, 25, 26, 34, 36, 40–41, 54, 77, 84, 86, 96, 107, 115, 129–130, 137, 169, 234, 235, 238, 239

Henry III, king of England, 36, 38, 43, 54–55, 67, 68, 71, 78, 82–84, 90–91, 96, 103, 104, 116, 122, 134, 137, 140, 141, 169, 175, 179–180, 186, 188, 196–197, 198–199, 200, 210, 212, 234, 235

Henry VIII, king of England, 219

Henry IV, king of France, 237

Henry IV, German emperor, 84, 240

Henry VI, German emperor, 177, 245

heraldry, 182–184

heralds, 178, 182–183

herbs, 60, 66, 113

herdsmen, 162, 207

heriot, 154, 230

Histoire de Saint-Louis,
185

History of the Kings of Britain,
173

Hocktide, 207, 214

Hohensalzburg, 246

Hohenstaufen, 240, 244, 245

holidays, 206–217

Holy Innocents, Feast of the,
see
Feast of the Fools

homage, 40, 45–47, 52–55

multiple, 52–55

honor, 16, 230

horses, 9, 104, 106, 166–167, 169, 170, 174

Hospitallers, 20, 177, 243, 247

hostages, 177

Houdan, 237

household of the castle, 95–108, 109

houses of peasants, 149–150

hue and cry, 144

hundred, 44

Hundred Years’ War, 218

hunting, 40, 77–78, 125–246

huntsman, 125, 126–128, 140

inheritance, 148–149, 174

ceremony attending on, 159

interior decoration, 66–67

Irish castles, 247

Isabel of Leicester, countess of Pembroke, 33

Isabella, countess of Arundel, 82

Isabelle of Angoulême, 83–84

Italian castles, 21, 240–242

James of St. George, 28–29

Jean de Colmieu, 9

Jean of Tours, 166–167

jesters, 118

Joan of Arc, 84, 237, 238

Jocelin of Brakelond, 73, 140, 180–181

John, king of England, 36, 49, 54, 80, 83, 86, 90, 137, 186, 190–191, 202–203

John of Brabant, 101, 122

John of Crakehall, 143

John of Gaunt, 235

John of Toul, 53–54

Joinville, Jean, Sieur de, 185