Margaret Thatcher: The Authorized Biography (146 page)

1
.
Geoffrey Howe,
Conflict of Loyalty
, Macmillan, 1994, p. 94.
2
.
‘Tories rally behind new leader’, 12 Feb. 1975, 121546z Feb 75, Electronic Telegrams 1/1/1975–12/31/1975, US National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).
3
.
Margaret Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, HarperCollins, 1995, p. 282.
4
.
Private information.
5
.
Interview with Sir Timothy Kitson.
6
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
7
.
Interview with Sir Edward Heath.
8
.
Interview with Sir Timothy Kitson.
9
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
10
.
Interview with Joan Hall.
11
.
Interview with Lord Jopling.
12
.
Private information.
13
.
Memo from Nigel Vinson to Sir Keith Joseph, in Lord Vinson’s possession, 14 Apr. 1975.
14
.
Letter to Robert Carr, 19 Feb. 1975, quoted in Mark Garnett and Ian Aitken,
Splendid! Splendid!: The Authorized Biography of Willie Whitelaw
, Jonathan Cape, 2002, p. 218.
15
.
Letter to Edward Boyle, 2 Apr. 1975, in the possession of Ann Gold.
16
.
Bernard Donoughue,
Downing Street Diary
, 2 vols, Jonathan Cape, 2005, 2008, vol. i:
With Harold Wilson in No. 10
, 17 Apr. 1975, p. 357.
17
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
18
.
Interview with Lady Wakeham.
19
.
Interview with Lady Ryder of Wensum.
20
.
Ibid.
21
.
Ibid.
22
.
Private information.
23
.
Interview with David Nicholson.
24
.
Interview with Michael Portillo.
25
.
Interview with Lord Weatherill.
26
.
David Butler interview with James Prior, 1978, David Butler Archive, Nuffield College, Oxford.
27
.
Interview with Sir Alfred Sherman.
28
.
Interview with Lord Wolfson of Sunningdale.
29
.
Interview with Sir John Hoskyns.
30
.
Interview with Sir Alfred Sherman.
31
.
Sir Keith Joseph, Notes Towards the Definition of Policy, 4 Apr. 1975, The Thatcher Papers, Churchill College, Cambridge, THCR 2/6/1/156.
32
.
Minutes of 57th meeting, 11 Apr. 1975, Conservative Party Archive, Bodleian Library, Oxford, LCC 1/3/6 .
33
.
Lord Hailsham, diary, 11 Apr. 1975, Hailsham Papers, Churchill College, Cambridge, HLSM 1/1/10.
34
.
LCC 1/3/6.
35
.
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 302.
36
.
See Hansard, HC Deb 21 July 1975 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/102746
).
37
.
Speech to Conservative Group for Europe, 16 Apr. 1975 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/102675
).
38
.
Interview with Lord Ryder of Wensum.
39
.
Ibid.
40
.
Guardian
, 3 June 1975.
41
.
Talk-in with Robin Day
(BBC1), 15 May 1975 (Christopher Collins, ed.,
Complete Public Statements of Margaret Thatcher 1945–90 on CD-ROM
, Oxford University Press, 1998/2000).
42
.
The above quotations all come from Gordon Reece’s unpublished memoir.
43
.
Interview with Lady Ryder of Wensum.
44
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
45
.
Interview with Sir Gordon Reece.
46
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
47
.
Interview with Sir Gordon Reece.
48
.
Interview with Lord Patten of Barnes.
49
.
Interview with Sir Gordon Reece.
50
.
Interview with Robert Conquest.
51
.
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 351.
52
.
Letter from Margaret Thatcher to Lord Home, July 1975 (undated), Hirsel Archive.
53
.
See D. R. Thorpe,
Alec Douglas-Home
, Sinclair-Stevenson, 1996, p. 451.
54
.
Private Information.
55
.
Interview with Lord Ryder of Wensum.
56
.
Interview with Henry Kissinger.
57
.
Margaret Thatcher to William Galloway, 27 Feb. 1975. Cited in interview with William Galloway, Foreign Affairs Oral History Project, Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training, Arlington VA.
58
.
Interview with Henry Kissinger.
59
.
Memorandum of conversation, ‘May 9, 1975, Ford, Kissinger’, National Security Advisor, Box 11, Gerald R. Ford Library, Ann Arbor MI.
60
.
Interview with Sir Denis Thatcher.
61
.
Interview with Peter Hannaford.
62
.
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 372.
63
.
Ronald Reagan,
An American Life: The Autobiography
, Simon & Schuster, 1990, p. 204.
64
.
Viewpoint
, Ronald Reagan Pre-Presidential Radio Broadcast, Apr. 1975; Disc 75–08, Box 39, SubSeries C, Reagan Library, Simi Valley CA.
65
.
Correspondence with Peter Hannaford.
66
.
Michael Deaver, cited in Peter Robinson, ‘Ron and Margaret’, unpublished paper; correspondence with Peter Hannaford.
67
.
Private information.
68
.
Memorandum of Conversation, ‘January 8, 1975 Ford, Kissinger’, National Security Advisor, Box 8, Gerald R. Ford Library.
69
.
Greenspan to Ford, 23 Apr. 1975, CO 160, Box 56, White House Central Files, Gerald R. Ford Library.
70
.
G. N. Smith to D. Howe, 21 July 1975, THCR 6/4/1/5.
71
.
Interview with Sir Gordon Reece.
72
.
News at Ten
(ITN), 18 Sept. 1975.
73
.
Interview with Lord Ryder of Wensum.
74
.
The Times
, 19 Sept. 1975 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/102464
).
75
.
Quoted in
Evening Standard
, 16 Sept. 1975 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/102565
).
76
.
New York Times
, 18 Sept. 1975.
77
.
Ibid.
78
.
‘Margaret Roberts Thatcher’, 24 July 1975, Box 56, CO160, White House Country Files, Gerald R. Ford Library.
79
.
State Department Briefing Paper for the President, 30 July 1975, Box 11, National Security Advisor, Trip Briefing Books and Cables for Ford 1974–6, Gerald R. Ford Library.
80
.
‘A Tory view of the Helsinki Summit’, 28 July 1975, 281801z Jul 75, Electronic Telegrams 1/1/1975–12/31/1975, NARA.
81
.
Interview with General Brent Scowcroft.
82
.
Interview with Lord Ryder of Wensum.
83
.
Interview with Jonathan Davidson.
84
.
Interview with James Schlesinger.
85
.
William Simon to Margaret Thatcher, 14 Oct. 1975, THCR 6/4/1/15.
86
.
Private information.
87
.
Interview with Alan Greenspan.
88
.
The Walter Heller International Finance Lecture, Roosevelt University, 22 Sept. 1975 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/102465
).
89
.
Guardian
, 27 Sept. 1975.
90
.
Derek Thomas to R. M. Russell, 30 Sept. 1975, The National Archives (TNA): Public Record Office (PRO) FCO 82/491.
91
.
Interview with Lord Ryder of Wensum.
92
.
Interview with Lord McAlpine of West Green.
93
.
See Ronald Millar,
A View from the Wings
, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1989, pp. 225–7.
94
.
Interview with Lord Ryder of Wensum.
95
.
See Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, pp. 305 ff.
96
.
Interview with Lady Wakeham and Lady Ryder of Wensum.
97
.
Interview with Lord Ryder of Wensum.
98
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
99
.
Speech to Conservative Party conference, 10 Oct. 1975 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/102777
).
100
.
Stern
, 24 Oct. 1975 (Collins, ed.,
Complete Public Statements
).
101
.
Interview with Lord Patten of Barnes.
102
.
Interview with Sir Denis Thatcher.
103
.
Interview with Jonathan Aitken.
104
.
Interview with Lady Wakeham.
105
.
Interview with Derek Howe.
106
.
Interview with Carol Thatcher.
107
.
Ibid.
108
.
Interview with Sue Mastriforte.
109
.
Ibid.
110
.
Interview with Carol Thatcher.
111
.
Interview with Sue Mastriforte.
112
.
Interview with Carol Thatcher.
113
.
Interview with Sue Mastriforte.
114
.
Interview with Lady Ryder of Wensum.
115
.
Ibid.
116
.
Ibid.
117
.
Interview with Bob Kingston.
118
.
David Butler interview with Sir Harold Wilson, 18 July 1978, David Butler Archive.
119
.
Donoughue,
Downing Street Diary
, vol. i, 17 Apr. 1975, p. 357.
120
.
Ibid.
121
.
Interview with Lord Tebbit.
122
.
Interview with Frank Johnson.
123
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
124
.
Private information.
125
.
Speech to Crisis in London Conference, 6 Dec. 1975 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/102822
).
126
.
Nottingham Evening Post
, 2 Dec. 1975 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/102467
).
127
.
Speech to Norfolk Conservatives, 7 Nov. 1975 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/102798
).
128
.
Letter in
Finchley Times
, 21 Nov. 1975 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/102806
).
129
.
Interview with Robert Moss.
130
.
Ibid.
131
.
Speech at Kensington Town Hall, 19 Jan. 1976 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/102939
).
132
.
Speech to Finchley Conservatives, 31 Jan. 1976 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/102947
).

1
.
Speech to Bow Group, 16 Mar. 1976 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/102984
).
2
.
Bernard Donoughue,
Downing Street Diary
, 2 vols, Jonathan Cape, 2005, 2008, vol. i:
With Harold Wilson in No. 10
, 16 Mar. 1976, p. 700.
3
.
Barbara Castle,
The Castle Diaries, 1974–76
, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1980, p. 692.
4
.
Hansard, HC Deb 29 June 1976 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/103065
).
5
.
Hansard, HC Deb 8 June 1976 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/103045
).
6
.
Hansard, HC Deb 5 July 1977 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/103412
).
7
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
8
.
Interview with Lord Heseltine.
9
.
Hansard, HC Deb 6 Apr. 1976 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/103000
).
10
.
Weekend World
(LWT), 9 May 1976 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/102836
).
11
.
Speech to Melton Conservatives, 22 May 1976 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/103032
).
12
.
Margaret Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, HarperCollins, 1995, p. 316.
13
.
Interview with Lord Deben.
14
.
Speech to Conservative Party conference, 8 Oct. 1976 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/103105
).
15
.
The Times
, 9 Oct. 1976.
16
.
Daily Telegraph
, 9 Oct. 1976.
17
.
Interview with Lord Patten of Barnes.
18
.
Interview with Lord Waldegrave of North Hill.
19
.
Ibid.
20
.
Interview with Lord Gilmour of Craigmillar.
21
.
Correspondence with Professor David Dilks.
22
.
Interview with Lord Patten of Barnes.
23
.
Quoted by Mrs Thatcher, speech to Bow Group, 16 Mar. 1976 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/102984
).
24
.
Richard Cockett,
Thinking the Unthinkable
, HarperCollins, 1994, p. 174.
25
.
Letter from Margaret Thatcher to Adam Butler, late Dec., probably 1975 (undated).
26
.
Interview in
Sunday Times
, 12 Sept. 1976, conducted on 5 Aug. (Christopher Collins, ed.,
Complete Public Statements of Margaret Thatcher 1945–90 on CD-ROM
, Oxford University Press, 1998/2000).
27
.
The Thatcher Papers, Churchill College, Cambridge, THCR 2/6/1/173.
28
.
Interview with Sir Alan Walters.
29
.
Interview with Sir Douglas Hague.
30
.
Ibid.
31
.
Interview with Gordon Pepper.
32
.
Ibid.
33
.
Letter from Margaret Thatcher to John Sparrow, 27 Jan. 1977.
34
.
Interview with Sir John Sparrow.
35
.
Letter from John Sparrow to Margaret Thatcher, 25 Mar. 1977, THCR 2/6/1/226.
36
.
Interview with Brian Walden.
37
.
Ibid.
38
.
Interview with Lord Weatherill.
39
.
Letter from Alfred Sherman to Margaret Thatcher, 25 Oct. 1977, THCR 2/6/1/226.
40
.
Aide-memoire from Alfred Sherman to Margaret Thatcher, 26 June 1978, THCR 2/6/1/226.
41
.
Interview with Lord Thomas of Swynnerton.
42
.
Interview with Paul Johnson.
43
.
Interview with Lord Ryder of Wensum.
44
.
Interview with Lord Thomas of Swynnerton.
45
.
Speech to Conservative Party conference, Blackpool, 14 Oct. 1977 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/103443
).
46
.
Interview with Revd Edward Norman.
47
.
Interview with John Casey.
48
.
Speech to Zurich Economic Society, 14 Mar. 1977 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/103336
).
49
.
Interview with Revd Edward Norman.
50
.
Interview with Sir Denis Thatcher.
51
.
Speech to Zurich Economic Society, 14 Mar. 1977 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/103336
).
52
.
Interview with Sir Alfred Sherman.
53
.
Interview with
Woman’s Own
, 31 Oct. 1987 (the unedited typescript of the interview, which differs from the published version, can be seen at
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/106689
).
54
.
All quotations from Speech to Greater London Young Conservatives (Iain Macleod Memorial Lecture), 4 July 1977 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/103411
).
55
.
All above quotations from speech at St Lawrence Jewry, 30 Mar. 1978 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/103522
).
56
.
John Vaizey to Margaret Thatcher, 17 Feb. 1975, Folder 8, Box 14, papers of John Vaizey, Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford CA.
57
.
Letter from Professor David Dilks.
58
.
Interview with Revd Edward Norman.
59
.
Letter from Milton Friedman to Ralph Harris, 4 Dec. 1978, Folder 12, Box 296, Papers of the Institute of Economic Affairs, Hoover Institution Archives.
60
.
Interview for
The Downing Street Years
(BBC1), 1993.
61
.
Interview with Lord Patten of Barnes.
62
.
Interview with Lord Ryder of Wensum.
63
.
Sir Geoffrey Howe to Sir Keith Joseph, THCR 2/1/3/9.
64
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
65
.
Interview with Sir Denis Thatcher.
66
.
Interview with Lady Howe of Idlicote.
67
.
Letter from Sir Geoffrey Howe to Peter Rees, 12 Dec. 1975, THCR 2/1/1/30.
68
.
Interview with Lady Howe.
69
.
Interview with Lord Howe of Aberavon.
70
.
Interview with Lord Patten of Barnes.
71
.
Interview with Lord Howe of Aberavon.
72
.
Private information.
73
.
Interview with Sir Adam Butler.
74
.
Interview with Norman Strauss.
75
.
Hugo Young,
The Hugo Young Papers: Thirty Years of British Politics – Off the Record
, Allen Lane, 2008, p. 109.
76
.
Observer
, 27 July 1975.
77
.
Ibid.
78
.
THCR 2/6/1/159.
79
.
Sir Keith Joseph, ‘Our Tone of Voice and our Tasks’, 7 Dec. 1976, THCR 2/6/1/160.
80
.
THCR 2/6/1/245.
81
.
‘Concerted Action’ paper, 16 May 1977, THCR 2/6/1/96.
82
.
Sir Geoffrey Howe to Margaret Thatcher (including her comment scribbled on it), 26 May 1977, THCR 2/1/3/9.
83
.
‘The Right Approach to the Economy’, draft, THCR 2/6/1/161.
84
.
Note from Adam Ridley to Margaret Thatcher, 22 Aug. 1977, THCR 2/6/1/161.
85
.
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 404.
86
.
Margaret Thatcher to Jack Peel, 1 Oct. 1977, THCR 2/2/1/25.
87
.
John Sparrow to Margaret Thatcher, 15 Dec. 1977, THCR 2/6/1/142.
88
.
Daily Telegraph
, 14 Sept. 1977 (Collins, ed.,
Complete Public Statements
).
89
.
Weekend World
(LWT), 18 Sept. 1977 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/103191
).
90
.
Howe, draft speech, 12 Jan. 1978, THCR 2/1/3/9.
91
.
Sir John Hoskyns, diary (unpublished), 25 Nov. 1976. An edited version of parts of the diary appears in John Hoskyns,
Just in Time: Inside the Thatcher Revolution
, Aurum Press, 2000. This is the best detailed account of the early years of the Thatcher leadership.
92
.
Hoskyns,
Just in Time
, p. 26.
93
.
Ibid., p. 45.
94
.
Interview with Sir John Hoskyns.
95
.
Ibid.
96
.
Hoskyns, diary, 24 Nov. 1977.
97
.
Alistair Cooke, ed.,
Tory Policy Making
, CRD, 2009, pp. 85–6.
98
.
‘Further Thoughts on Strategy’, 23 Feb. 1978, THCR 2/6/1/233.
99
.
Hoskyns, diary, 19 Feb. 1978.
100
.
THCR 2/6/1/233.
101
.
Interview with Sir John Hoskyns.
102
.
Hoskyns, diary, 22 May 1978. See
Just in Time
, p. 67.
103
.
David Butler interview with Chris Patten, 1978, David Butler Archive, Nuffield College, Oxford.
104
.
Interview with Lord Ryder of Wensum.
105
.
David Butler interview with Airey Neave, 22 Aug. 1978, David Butler Archive.