Margaret Thatcher: The Authorized Biography (148 page)

1
.
Interview with Cynthia Crawford.
2
.
Interview with Sir Kenneth Stowe.
3
.
Interview with Lord Ryder of Wensum.
4
.
Interview with Lord Dobbs.
5
.
Margaret Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, HarperCollins, 1993, p. 19.
6
.
Interview with Lord Dobbs.
7
.
Interview with Sir Kenneth Stowe.
8
.
Lord Deedes, diary (unpublished), 17 Oct. 1977.
9
.
Interview with Sir Kenneth Stowe.
10
.
Interview with Michael Pattison.
11
.
Interview with Sir Bryan Cartledge.
12
.
Interview with Lord Ryder of Wensum.
13
.
Ibid.
14
.
Interview with Sir Tim Lankester.
15
.
Interview with Nick Sanders.
16
.
Interview with Sir John Hoskyns.
17
.
Interview with Sir Clive Whitmore.
18
.
Cartledge to Walden, ‘Chancellor Schmidt’s Visit, 10/11 May: Briefs’, 8 May 1979, The National Archives (TNA): Public Record Office (PRO) FCO 28/3677.
19
.
Interview with Nick Sanders.
20
.
Interview with William Rickett.
21
.
Ibid.
22
.
Ibid.
23
.
Conversation with Lady Thatcher.
24
.
Interview with Lord Mayhew.
25
.
Interviews with Lord Prior and Nick Sanders.
26
.
Interview with Sir Adam Ridley.
27
.
Interview with Lord Ryder of Wensum.
28
.
Interview with Sir Adam Ridley.
29
.
Private information.
30
.
Interview with Sir John Hoskyns.
31
.
See David Butler’s election interview with Chris Patten, 22 July 1978, David Butler Archive, Nuffield College, Oxford.
32
.
Interview with Sir Tim Lankester.
33
.
Interview with Sir Kenneth Berrill.
34
.
Interview with Sir John Ashworth.
35
.
Interview with Sir Kenneth Berrill.
36
.
Interview with Sir John Ashworth.
37
.
Letter from Sir John Hoskyns.
38
.
Interview with Lord Laing of Dunphail.
39
.
Interview with Lord Jopling, who was told this by Lord Whitelaw.
40
.
Interview with Sir Adam Ridley.
41
.
Interview with Sir Clive Whitmore.
42
.
Interview with Lord Biffen.
43
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
44
.
Interview with Lord Hunt of Tanworth.
45
.
Brzezinski to Carter, ‘Thoughts on Thatcher: Foreign Policy Implications of the Tory Triumph’, RAC NLC-6-77-2-8-1, Carter Library, Atlanta GA.
46
.
The Thatcher Papers, Churchill College, Cambridge, THCR 2/6/2/118.
47
.
Interview with Michael Pattison.
48
.
Interview with Barry Strevens.
49
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
50
.
For an account of this episode, see John Campbell,
Edward Heath:
A Biography
, Jonathan Cape, 1993, pp. 713–15.
51
.
Interview with Lord Carrington.
52
.
Interview with Sir Timothy Kitson.
53
.
Interview with Lord Jopling.
54
.
Interview with Cynthia Crawford.
55
.
See Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 21.
56
.
Interview with Sir Denis Thatcher.
57
.
Conversation with T. E. Utley.
58
.
Conversation with Sir Denis Thatcher.
59
.
Interview with Sherry Warner.
60
.
Interview with Lady Ryder of Wensum.
61
.
Interview with Sherry Warner.
62
.
Interview with Lord Wolfson of Sunningdale.
63
.
Interview with Tessa Gaisman.
64
.
Interview with Sir John Coles, British Diplomatic Oral History Programme, Churchill College, Cambridge.
65
.
Interview with Lady Ryder of Wensum.
66
.
Interview with Jane Parsons.
67
.
Interview with Lady Ryder of Wensum.
68
.
Ibid.
69
.
Interview with Tessa Gaisman.
70
.
Interview with Sir Bryan Cartledge.
71
.
Private information.
72
.
Interview with Michael Pattison.
73
.
Interview with Lady Ryder of Wensum.
74
.
Interview with Tessa Gaisman.
75
.
Interview with Colin Peterson.
76
.
Interview with Sir John Ashworth.
77
.
Interview with Lord Howe of Aberavon.
78
.
Interview with Sir Michael Scholar.
79
.
Interview with Nick Sanders.
80
.
Interview with Lord Ryder of Wensum.
81
.
Interview with Tessa Gaisman.
82
.
Interview with Michael Pattison.
83
.
Interview with Lady Ryder of Wensum.
84
.
Interview with Sir Clive Whitmore.
85
.
Interview with Charles Anson.
86
.
Interview with Lord Ryder of Wensum.
87
.
Reece to Ryder, 9 May 1979, THCR 2/6/2/134.
88
.
Interview with Sir Bernard Ingham.
89
.
Ingham to PM, 29 October 1979, THCR 2/6/2/2.
90
.
Ibid.
91
.
Ibid.
92
.
Interview with Charles Anson.
93
.
Interview with Sir Bernard Ingham.
94
.
Rentschler to Brzezinski, 4 May 1979, CO167, WHCF-Subject file, Carter Library.
95
.
Hannaford to Howe, 178, Folder 6, Box 5, Papers of Deaver and Hannaford, Hoover Institution archives, Stanford CA.
96
.
Interview with Richard Allen.
97
.
Peter Hannaford,
The Reagans: A Political Portrait
, Coward-McCann, 1983, p. 188.
98
.
‘Miscellaneous II’, Reagan Radio Address, 29 May 1979, Kiron K. Skinner, Annelise Anderson and Martin Anderson, eds,
Reagan, in his Own Hand:
The Writings of Ronald Reagan that Reveal his Revolutionary Vision for America
, Touchstone, 2002, p. 47.
99
.
Interview with Lord Hannay of Chiswick.
100
.
Interview with Lord Hunt of Tanworth. This impression echoes the view picked up by the CIA. See
National Intelligence Daily
, 17 May 1979, CREST database, US National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).
101
.
Interview with Sir Bryan Cartledge.
102
.
Speech at dinner for West German Chancellor, 10 May 1979 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104080
).
103
.
Joint press conference with West German Chancellor, 11 May 1979 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104081
).
104
.
Speech to Youth for Europe rally, NEC Birmingham, 2 June 1979 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104088
).
105
.
Interview with Sir Bryan Cartledge.
106
.
Ibid.
107
.
Conversation with Lady Thatcher.
108
.
Interview with Valéry Giscard d’Estaing.
109
.
Note of meeting with President Giscard, 5 June 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/27.
110
.
Interview with Sir Clive Whitmore.
111
.
Interview with Valéry Giscard d’Estaing.
112
.
Interview with Sir Bryan Cartledge.
113
.
Interview with Valéry Giscard d’Estaing.
114
.
Ibid.
115
.
Note of meeting with President Giscard, 5 June 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/27.
116
.
Interview with Sir Bryan Cartledge.
117
.
Miss E. A. Deeves to private secretary of Lord Privy Seal, 21 May 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/27.
118
.
Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 66.
119
.
Interview with Sir Clive Whitmore.
120
.
Interview with Sir Bryan Cartledge.
121
.
Ibid.
122
.
Ibid.
123
.
Interview with Bob Hormats.
124
.
Interview, BBC World Service, 25 June 1979 (Christopher Collins, ed.,
Complete Public Statements of Margaret Thatcher 1945–90 on CD-ROM
, Oxford University Press, 1998/2000).
125
.
Record of the Opening Statements, Akasaka Palace, 28/29 June 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/28.
126
.
Brzezinski to Carter, ‘NSC Weekly Report, #96’, 12 May 1979, Brzezinski Donated Papers, Carter Library.
127
.
See Jimmy Carter,
Keeping Faith: Memoirs of a President
, Bantam, 1982, p. 113.
128
.
Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 68.
129
.
Interview with Valéry Giscard d’Estaing.
130
.
Correspondence with Raymond Seitz.
131
.
Interview with Lord Carrington.
132
.
Time
, 14 May 1979 (Collins, ed.,
Complete Public Statements
).
133
.
Brzezinski to Carter, ‘Thoughts on Thatcher: Foreign Policy Implications of the Tory Triumph’, RAC NLC-6-77-2-8-1, Carter Library.
134
.
Interview with Dick Moose.
135
.
Hansard, HC Deb 15 May 1979 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104083
).
136
.
Interview with Lord Carrington.
137
.
Interview with Lord Renwick.
138
.
Conversation with Lord Carrington.
139
.
Note of meeting with Prime Minister Thatcher at 10 Downing Street, 12 July 1979, file 13, Box 8, S-0987, UN Archives.
140
.
Interview with Sir Bryan Cartledge.
141
.
Interview with Lord Carrington.
142
.
Hansard, HC Deb July 25 1979 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104122
).
143
.
Private information.
144
.
Interview with Sir Bryan Cartledge.
145
.
Lord Carrington,
Reflect on Things Past: The Memoirs of Lord Carrington
, Collins, 1988, p. 277.
146
.
Interview with Sir Bryan Cartledge.
147
.
Interview with Sir Denis Thatcher.
148
.
Interview with Sir Clive Whitmore.
149
.
Interview with Lord Renwick of Clifton.
150
.
Unpublished notes of Caroline Stephens (Lady Ryder), written 7 August 1979.
151
.
Interview with Lord Carrington.
152
.
Interview with Sir Anthony Parsons for
The Downing Street Years
(BBC1), 1993.

1
.
Hunt to PM, 4 May 1979, The National Archives (TNA): Public Record Office (PRO) PREM 19/24.
2
.
CPRS Paper, 1–8 May 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/37.
3
.
Interview with Sir Tim Lankester.
4
.
Hunt to PM, 4 May 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/24.
5
.
Note on Hunt to PM, 4 May 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/24.
6
.
Hunt to PM, 16 May 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/186.
7
.
Notes on Hunt paper on Clegg Commission, 9 May 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/186.
8
.
Note on draft parliamentary answer, 23 May 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/186.
9
.
Memo by Secretary of State for Employment, ‘The Way Forward on Pay’, 15 May 1979, Prime Minister’s Papers, Economic Policy: Economic Strategy: Pay and Prices (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
10
.
Draft of Chancellor for E Committee, 24 May 1979, Prime Minister’s Papers, Economic Policy: Economic Strategy: Pay and Prices (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
11
.
Ibid.
12
.
Note, 25 May 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/24.
13
.
Lankester to Fair, 1 June 1979, Prime Minister’s Papers, Economic Policy: Economic Strategy: Pay and Prices (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
14
.
Note, 8 May 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/35.
15
.
Margaret Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, HarperCollins, 1993, pp. 40–41.
16
.
Hansard, HC Deb 15 May 1979 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104083
).
17
.
Ibid.
18
.
Howe to PM, 6 June 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/33.
19
.
Interview with Sir Adam Ridley.
20
.
Note on Lankester to PM, 22 Nov. 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/34.
21
.
Interview with Lord Laing of Dunphail.
22
.
Interview with Sir John Ashworth.
23
.
Interview with Gordon Pepper.
24
.
Lankester to Battishill, 7 June 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/33.
25
.
Howe to PM, 11 June 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/33.
26
.
PM to Howe, 24 June 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/33.
27
.
Hansard, HC Deb 24 July 1979 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104121
).
28
.
Note for the record, 16 May 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/29.
29
.
Ibid.
30
.
Geoffrey Howe,
Conflict of Loyalty
, Macmillan, 1994, p. 130.
31
.
Lankester to Battishill, 22 May 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/29.
32
.
Howe to PM, 23 May 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/29.
33
.
Speech to CPC Summer School, Cambridge, 6 July 1979 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104107
).
34
.
Hall to Lankester, 10 July 1979, Prime Minister’s Papers, Economic Policy: Consultations with the IMF (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
35
.
James Prior,
A Balance of Power
, Hamish Hamilton, 1986, p. 119.
36
.
Interview with Lord Prior.
37
.
Prior,
A Balance of Power
, p. 120.
38
.
Ibid.
39
.
Interview with Lord Butler of Brockwell.
40
.
Interview with Sir John Hoskyns.
41
.
Hoskyns paper on Government Strategy, 12 June 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/24.
42
.
John Hoskyns,
Just in Time: Inside the Thatcher Revolution
, Aurum Press, 2000, p. 111.
43
.
John Hoskyns paper on Government Strategy, 12 June 1979, Prime Minister’s Papers, Economic Policy: Economic Strategy: Pay and Prices (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
44
.
Ibid.
45
.
John Hoskyns ‘Long Campaign’ paper, 14 Dec. 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/171.
46
.
Interview with Lord Ryder of Wensum.
47
.
Interview with Sir John Hoskyns.
48
.
Michael Heseltine,
Life in the Jungle: My Autobiography
, Hodder & Stoughton, 2000, p. 182.
49
.
Note for the record, 25 May 1979, Prime Minister’s Papers, Housing Policy: Housing Bill (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
50
.
Hansard, HC Deb 15 May 1979 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104083
).
51
.
CPRS paper, 22 May 1979, Prime Minister’s Papers, Housing Policy: Housing Bill (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
52
.
Lawson to Heseltine, 17 May 1979, Prime Minister’s Papers, Housing Policy: Sale of Council Houses (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
53
.
Interview with Sir John Stanley.
54
.
Note to Pattison, 7 Jan. 1980, Prime Minister’s Papers, Housing Policy: Housing Bill (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
55
.
Lankester to Wiggins, 18 June 1981, Prime Minister’s Papers, Housing Policy: Housing Bill (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
56
.
Thatcher memorandum, 11 May 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/18.
57
.
Cabinet minutes, 17 May 1979, TNA: PRO CAB 128/66/2.
58
.
Cabinet minutes, 31 May 1979, TNA: PRO CAB 128/66/4.
59
.
Howe to PM, 5 July 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/19.
60
.
Interview with Colin Peterson.
61
.
Hunt to PM, 11 July 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/19.
62
.
Joseph to PM, 11 July 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/19.
63
.
Sir John Hunt, Cabinet Secretary’s notebooks, 12 July 1979.
64
.
Ibid.
65
.
Cabinet minutes, 12 July 1979, TNA: PRO CAB 128/66/9.
66
.
Sir John Hunt, Cabinet Secretary’s notebooks, 12 July 1979.
67
.
Ibid.
68
.
Cabinet minutes, 12 July 1979, TNA: PRO CAB 128/66/9.
69
.
Note for the record, 16 July 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/19.
70
.
Howe and Biffen memo to Cabinet, 7 Sep. 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 129/207/5.
71
.
Hunt memorandum, 16 July 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/19.
72
.
E Committee minutes, 17 Sept. 1979, Prime Minister’s Papers, Economic Policy: Public Expenditure and Cash Limits (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
73
.
Heseltine to Biffen, 6 Sept. 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/21.
74
.
Cabinet minutes, 18 Oct. 1979, TNA: PRO CAB 128/66/17.
75
.
Hunt to PM, 24 Oct. 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/23.
76
.
Note on Howe note for E Committee, 14 Sept. 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/21.
77
.
Lankester to Pirie, 26 Oct. 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/23.
78
.
Biffen to PM, 30 Oct. 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/23.
79
.
Hansard, HC Deb 1 Nov. 1979 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104161
).
80
.
Whittome to Managing Director, 2 Nov. 1979, UK Country file, Box 17, IMF Archives.
81
.
Speech to Conservative Party conference, 12 Oct. 1979 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104147
).
82
.
Interview with Sir Peter Middleton.
83
.
Lankester to Hall, 24 Sept. 1979, Prime Minister’s Papers, Economic Policy: The Exchange Rate: Exchange Control Policy, part 1, TNA: PRO PREM 19/437.
84
.
Howe,
Conflict of Loyalty
, p. 142.
85
.
Speech at Lord Mayor’s Banquet, 12 Nov. 1979 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104167
).
86
.
Howe,
Conflict of Loyalty
, p. 151.
87
.
Lankester, Note for the Record, 5 Nov. 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/171.
88
.
Ibid.
89
.
Sir Robert Armstrong, Cabinet Secretary’s notebooks, 23 Oct. 1979–13 Dec. 1979.
90
.
Howe memorandum, 6 Dec. 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/171.
91
.
Interview with R. W. Apple,
New York Times
, conducted 9 Nov. 1979; published 12 Nov. 1979 (Christopher Collins, ed.,
Complete Public Statements of Margaret Thatcher 1945–90 on CD-ROM
, Oxford University Press, 1998/2000).