PARIS 1919 (92 page)

35. Snelling, p. 23; W. J. Hudson, pp. 55–57; National Library of Australia, Hughes Papers, series 24/2, folder 11: 1538/24/902; House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George Papers, F 6/6/29, Cecil to Lloyd George, 15.4.19.

36. Ministère de la Défense, Clemenceau Papers, 6N74, Société des Nations, letter of 18.4.19; Nish, Alliance in Decline, p. 271; W. J. Hudson, p. 57; Garran, p. 265; House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George Papers, F 6/6/29, Cecil to Lloyd George, 15.4.19; National Archives of Canada, Christie Papers, vol. 5, file 16; Borden diary, 31.3.19; Public Record Office, Cabinet Papers, CAB 29/28, British empire delegation minutes, 29 (28.4.19); Bonsal,
Unfinished Business,
p. 154; Yale University Library, House diary, 13.2.19.

37. House,
Intimate Papers,
vol. 4, p. 313; Yale University Library, Auchincloss diary, 10.4.19; Hunter Miller,
Drafting of the Covenant,
vol. 1, pp. 461–66; vol. 2, pp. 387–93.

38. Lauren, pp. 274–75; FRUS, vol. 3, p. 291.

39. P. Mantoux, vol. 1, p. 314.

CHAPTER 24: A DAGGER POINTED AT THE HEART OF CHINA

1. Keegan, p. 173.

2. Schrecker, pp. 215–17, 231.

3. Ibid., pp. 168–203, 247.

4. Chi,
China Diplomacy,
p. 26; Schrecker, p. 248.

5. Fifield,
Woodrow Wilson and the Far East,
p. 25.

6. Connors, p. 110.

7. Nish,
Alliance in Decline,
pp. 158–59.

8. Curry, pp. 127–28.

9. Nish,
Japanese Foreign Policy,
p. 116.

10. Ibid., p. 286.

11. Chow, p. 87; Fifield,
Woodrow Wilson and the Far East,
p. 187.

12. Chi,
China Diplomacy,
p. 25; Nish,
Alliance in Decline,
pp. 156, 193; Quoted in Louis,
British Strategy,
p. 19.

13. Curry, pp. 127, 182, 253–54; Fifield,
Woodrow Wilson and the Far East,
p. 141.

14. Curry, p. 155; Beers, pp. 109, 121, 149, 154.

15. Fifield,
Woodrow Wilson and the Far East,
p. 134; Curry, pp. 15, 30; Pugach, pp. 241, 261.

16. Curry, p. 194.

17. Clemenceau, p. 140; Shotwell, pp. 136–37, 161; W. King, China at the Peace Conference, p. 3.

18. Fifield,
Woodrow Wilson and the Far East,
pp. 230–31, 191–94; Beers, p. 153; Shotwell, pp. 136–37.

19. Chu, p. 15; La Fargue, p. 178; W. King, China at the Peace Conference, p. 2.

20. Fifield,
Woodrow Wilson and the Far East,
pp. 140, 144; Chow, p. 86; Curry, p. 251; Bonsal,
Suitors and Suppliants,
p. 237; Chu, p. 30, n. 66.

21. W. King, China at the Peace Conference, p. 26; Fifield, Woodrow Wilson and the Far East, p. 126, n. 55.

22. Fifield,
Woodrow Wilson and the Far East,
pp. 124–25.

23. W. King, China at the Peace Conference, p. 5.

24. Ibid., pp. 9–11; Fifield,
Woodrow Wilson and the Far East,
pp. 130–31.

25. W. King, China at the Peace Conference, p. 7.

26. Fifield,
Woodrow Wilson and the Far East,
pp. 197–98; Shotwell, p. 151; Kawamura, p. 50.

27. Fifield,
Woodrow Wilson and the Far East,
pp. 143–55.

28. Keegan, p. 178; W. King, China at the Peace Conference, p. 12; Fifield, Woodrow Wilson
and the Far East,
pp. 141–42.

29. Curry, pp. 265–67; Fifield,
Woodrow Wilson and the Far East,
p. 243; PWW, vol. 57, pp. 582–83; Hankey, p. 131.

30. Fifield, Woodrow Wilson and the Far East, pp. 247–49; Curry, p. 268; P. Mantoux, vol. 1, pp. 319–28.

31. P. Mantoux, vol. 1, p. 330; La Fargue, p. 217.

32. Fifield, Woodrow Wilson and the Far East, p. 253; W. King, China at the Peace Conference, p. 21; P. Mantoux, vol. 1, pp. 329–36.

33. Hankey, p. 132; P. Mantoux, vol. 1, pp. 334–36; La Fargue, p. 218.

34. Library of Congress, Baker notebooks, 25.4.19; Fifield,
Woodrow Wilson and the Far
East,
p. 260, 268; Bonsal,
Suitors and Suppliants,
p. 235.

35. Curry, p. 274; Fifield,
Woodrow Wilson and the Far East,
pp. 267–71.

36. PWW, vol. 57, p. 583; Shotwell, p. 196, n. 1; Kawamura, pp. 523–24.

37. Fifield, Woodrow Wilson and the Far East, pp. 269–70; Curry, pp. 275–76; P. Mantoux, vol. 1, 399–401.

38. Library of Congress, Baker notebooks, 25.4.19; Beers, p. 160; La Fargue, p. 231.

39. Curry, pp. 272, 277, 279; Keegan, p. 178; La Fargue, p. 222; Floto, p. 233; Fifield,
Woodrow Wilson and the Far East,
pp. 298–301; Beers, p. 158.

40. PWW, vol. 58, p. 244; Library of Congress, Baker notebooks, 30.4.19; Heckscher, p. 567; Fifield, Woodrow Wilson and the Far East, pp. 277–80; P. Mantoux, vol. 1, pp. 425–27.

41. Chow, p. 90; Bonsal,
Suitors and Suppliants,
pp. 242–43.

42. Curry, p. 280; Fifield,
Woodrow Wilson and the Far East,
p. 287; Bonsal,
Suitors and Suppliants,
p. 244.

43. Chow, p. 90.

44. Ibid., p. 101.

45. Ibid., p. 93.

46. Schwarcz, pp. 14, 18, 22.

47. Fifield,
Woodrow Wilson and the Far East,
p. 303.

48. Schwarcz, p. 12.

49. Ibid., pp. 15–22; Chow, p. 189.

50. Spence, p. 294.

51. Fifield,
Woodrow Wilson and the Far East,
p. 243; Chi, “Ts'ao Ju-lin,” p. 181, n. 138.

52. Nish,
Japanese Foreign Policy,
pp. 123, 287–88; Curry, p. 282.

53. Fifield,
Woodrow Wilson and the Far East,
pp. 346–47.

54. Griswold, p. 327; Nish,
Japanese Foreign Policy,
p. 138.

55. Chu, p. 80.

56. Fifield,
Woodrow Wilson and the Far East,
pp. 298–300; Beers, p. 26; Curry, p. 309.

CHAPTER 25: THE GREATEST GREEK STATESMAN SINCE PERICLES

1. Petsalis-Diomidis, p. 109 and Appendix B.

2. F. Lloyd George, p. 167; Petsalis-Diomidis, pp. 123, 135; Churchill College, Hankey diary, 17.10.18; Bonsal,
Suitors and Suppliants,
p. 176.

3. Alastos, pp. 11–12.

4. Ibid., pp. 14–18.

5. Ibid., p. 13.

6. Clogg, p. 33.

7. Petsalis-Diomidis, p. 17.

8. Ibid., p. 187; House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George Papers, 55/1/10.

9. Petsalis-Diomidis, p. 177; House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George Papers, 55/1/32, Venizelos to Lloyd George, 23.7.20; 92/12/1, interview between Lloyd George and Venizelos; FRUS, vol. 3, pp. 863–73.

10. Magosci, p. 97.

11. Smith, pp. 25–27.

12. Petsalis-Diomidis, p. 679.

13. Clogg, p. 89.

14. D. Lloyd George,
Truth About the Peace Treaties,
vol. 2, pp. 1203–4; Dillon, p. 75.

15. PWW, vol. 55, p. 266; H. Nicolson,
Peacemaking,
p. 251.

16. FRUS, vol. 3, pp. 859–66, 868–75; Churchill College, Leeper Papers, 3/8, Allen Leeper to Rex Leeper, 3.2.19.

17. FRUS, vol. 3, p. 874.

18. Stickney, p. 79.

19. Duroselle, p. 777; P. Mantoux, vol. 2, p. 56.

20. Smith, pp. 63–64; Goldstein, “Great Britain and Greater Greece,” p. 344.

21. Goldstein, “Great Britain and Greater Greece,” p. 343; Churchill College, Hankey diary, 27.12.18.

22. D. Lloyd George,
Truth About the Peace Treaties,
vol. 2, p. 204; Petsalis-Diomidis, p. 129; Smith, p. 253; Goldstein, “Great Britain and Greater Greece,” pp. 346–47.

23. D. Lloyd George,
Truth About the Peace Treaties,
vol. 2, p. 1216; Smith, p. 18.

24. Riddell,
Intimate Diary,
p. 27; House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George Papers, 55/1/10; Petsalis-Diomidis, pp. 72–73, 132–34.

25. Alastos, pp. 188, nn. 1 and 2; Petsalis-Diomidis, p. 135.

26. Petsalis-Diomidis, pp. 49–52, 76–78.

27. Ibid., pp. 62–63, 116–18; House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George Papers, F3/4/6, Hardinge to Balfour, 21.1.19.

28. Yale University Library, House diary, 8.1.19; Bonsal,
Suitors and Suppliants,
p. 177; H. Nicolson,
Peacemaking,
p. 24; Seymour, p. 56.

29. H. Nicolson,
Peacemaking,
p. 268; Stickney, pp. 88, 95; Petsalis-Diomidis, pp. 162–63, 164, n. 41.

30. National Archives of Canada, Borden diary, 8.2.19; H. Nicolson,
Peacemaking,
pp. 262, 266.

31. Durham, pp. 246, 260–61; Shanafelt, pp. 283–300.

32. Bonsal,
Suitors and Suppliants,
p. 74; Durham, p. 181.

33. Fitzherbert, pp. 125–26; Laffan, pp. 223–28.

34. Dontas, p. 105; Stickney, p. 68.

35. Stickney, pp. 91–92.

36. Roosevelt, p. 95; Cannadine, p. 383; Fitzherbert,
passim.

37. H. Nicolson,
Peacemaking,
p. 268.

38. FRUS, vol. 4, pp. 111–16.

39. Bonsal,
Suitors and Suppliants,
p. 185.

40. H. Nicolson,
Peacemaking,
p. 260; Goldstein, “Great Britain and Greater Greece,” p. 348; Petsalis-Diomidis, pp. 150–51.

41. P. Mantoux, vol. 1, p. 495.

42. Stickney, p. 125.

43. Temperley, vol. 6, pp. 39–40; Petsalis-Diomidis, p. 88; Bonsal,
Suitors and Suppliants,
p. 180; FRUS, vol. 7, p. 397.

44. FRUS, vol. 3, p. 866.

45. Ibid., vol. 7, pp. 246, 379–80; Genov, p. 62.

46. Helmreich, pp. 153–55; Goldstein, “Great Britain and Greater Greece,” p. 349; House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George Papers, 92/12/1, interview between Lloyd George and Venizelos, 5 September 1919.

47. Genov, p. 56.

CHAPTER 26: THE END OF THE OTTOMANS

1. FRUS, vol. 2, p. 282; Ahmad, p. 18.

2. Dyer, “The Turkish Armistice of 1918: 2,” pp. 316, 323–24.

3. Ibid., pp. 327, 335–36.

4. Ibid., p. 334.

5. Ibid., pp. 319, 335, 345, n. 45.

6. Kinross, p. 153.

7. Ibid., p. 134.

8. FRUS, vol. 2, p. 281; Orga, p. 194; Kinross, p. 159.

9. Kinross, pp. 481, 531, 542.

10. Mazower, “Minorities,” p. 47.

11. Kinross, pp. 16, 437, 468.

12. Suny, p. 107; Pope and Pope, p. 116; Mansel, pp. 286–88.

13. Kinross, p. 21.

14. Ibid., chapters 2 and 3.

15. Ibid., pp. 72, 111; Pope, p. 163.

16. Orga, pp. 164, 209; Kinross, p. 158; A. W. Palmer, pp. 244–45.

17. Mansel, pp. 384–85; Ryan, p. 139.

18. Mansel, pp. 398–400; Busch,
Mudros to Lausanne,
pp. 64–67.

19. Walker, p. 294.

20. British Library, Curzon Papers, F112/274, War Cabinet, Eastern Committee minutes, 46 (23.12.18).

21. British Library, Curzon Papers, Eastern Committee minutes, 40 (2.12.18).

22. Anderson, p. 268 n. 1; Petsalis-Diomidis, p. 75; P. Mantoux, vol. 2, p. 56.

23. Watson, pp. 367–68; D. Lloyd George, War Memoirs, vol. 6, p. 3314; P. Mantoux, vol. 2, p. 164.

24. FRUS, vol. 3, p. 806.

25. Helmreich, p. 13; Scottish Record Office, Lothian Papers, 1173, “Notes of an interview between M. Clemenceau, Colonel House and myself,” 7.3.19; Walker, pp. 125–26; H. N. Howard,
The Partition,
pp. 135, 424.

26. FRUS, vol. 1, p. 52; H. N. Howard, Turkey, the Straits and U.S. Policy, p. 47; Hunter Miller, My Diary, vol. 1, pp. 27–28, 74; C. T. Thompson, p. 76; H. Nicolson, Peace
making,
p. 226; Macfie, “The British Decision,” p. 391; British Library, Curzon Papers, F112/274, Eastern Committee minutes, 46 (23.12.18); House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George Papers, F40/2, Montagu to Lloyd George, 28.2.19.

27. Helmreich, pp. 29–30; FRUS, vol. 3, pp. 956–69.

28. FRUS, vol. 4, pp. 147–57; Baker,
Woodrow Wilson and World Settlement,
vol. 2, p. 24.

29. Suny, p. 114 and chapter 6,
passim.

30. FRUS, vol. 1, p. 42; Duroselle, p. 822 [my translation]; D. Lloyd George,
Truth About
the Peace Treaties,
vol. 2, pp. 1257–58; Walker, pp. 263–64; House,
Intimate Papers
vol. 4, p. 199; Hoover, p. 141.

31. British Library, Curzon Papers, Eastern Committee minutes, 42 (9.12.18); Andrew and Kanya-Forstner, pp. 170–71, 194.

32. Helmreich, p. 50; House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George Papers, 1173, “Notes of an interview between M. Clemenceau, Colonel House and myself, 10.30 A.M., 7.3.19”; D. Lloyd George,
Truth About the Peace Treaties,
vol. 2, p. 1262; FRUS, vol. 3, p. 807; vol. 5, p. 614; Andrew and Kanya-Forstner, p. 194.

33. Ryan, p. 130; Kinross, p. 241; Helmreich, p. 335, n. 38.

CHAPTER 27: ARAB INDEPENDENCE

1. Toynbee, pp. 211–12.

2. Mordacq,
Le ministère Clemenceau,
vol. 3, pp. 25, 28–29; Churchill College, Hankey diary, 4.12.18, note added 11.12.20.

3. Temperley, vol. 6, p. 182; Andrew and Kanya-Forstner, pp. 174–75; D. Lloyd George,
Truth About the Peace Treaties,
vol. 2, p. 1038.

4. Churchill College, Hankey diary, 6.10.18; Nevakivi, p. 118; British Library, Curzon Papers, Eastern Committee minutes, 39 (27.11.18).

5. Fromkin,
A Peace to End All Peace,
p. 190; Storrs, pp. 316, 324.

6. Sanders, p. 268; Adelson, p. 135; Nevakivi, p. 32.

7. D. Stevenson,
First World War and International Politics,
pp. 129–30.

8. Amery, vol. 1, p. 237.

9. Andrew and Kanya-Forstner, pp. 46, 69; Ministère de la Défense, Clemenceau Papers, 6N72, memoranda of 18.12.18, annex III; “Plan de règlement des questions d'Orient 12.12.18”; 6N76, note 1.2.19.

10. British Library, Curzon Papers, F112/274, Eastern Committee minutes, 41 (5.12.18); Eastern Committee minutes, 42 (9.12.18).

11. Andrew and Kanya-Forstner, pp. 152, 158–59; Nevakivi, pp. 65, 78–79.

12. Temperley, vol. 1, p. 439; Andrew and Kanya-Forstner, p. 149.

13. Andrew and Kanya-Forstner, p. 147; British Library, Curzon Papers, F112/274, Eastern Committee minutes, 39 (27.11.18), minutes 40 (2.12.18).