PARIS 1919 (91 page)

32. P. Mantoux, vol. 2, p. 420; House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George Papers, F/89/3/2, memorandum from Balfour, 2.7.19; Tokes, pp. 202–3.

33. Deák, pp. 112–28; Bandholtz, pp. 303–4.

34. Bandholtz, pp. 26–28, 42–43, 70–71, 76, 90, 107.

35. Spector, pp. 197–219; Apponyi, p. 256.

36. Apponyi,
passim
and p. 253; Károlyi, pp. 44–45.

37. Laroche, p. 99.

38. Deák, pp. 539–49; D. Lloyd George,
Truth About the Peace Treaties,
vol. 2, pp. 962–70.

39. Apponyi, p. 270; Deák, pp. 210, 214–15, 238–42, 251–52, 253–77; Adam, pp. 148–55; Temperley, vol. 4, p. 421; Sakmyster, “Great Britain,” p. 125.

40. Hoensch, pp. 103–4; Sakmyster,
Hungary's Admiral,
pp. 74–76.

CHAPTER 21: THE COUNCIL OF FOUR

1. PWW, vol. 58, p. 275.

2. Bonsal,
Suitors and Suppliants,
p. 179; Aldrovandi Marescotti,
Guerra diplomatica,
p. 407.

3. Hunter Miller,
Drafting of the Covenant,
vol. 1, p. 131; Mordacq,
Le ministère Clemenceau,
vol. 3, pp. 178–79; Tardieu, p. 100; Steed, vol. 2, p. 298.

4. Marston, p. 166; E. Howard, p. 279; Tardieu, p. 102.

5. National Archives of Canada, Borden Papers, 428/9; Dillon, p. 123; Cambon, p. 318.

6. Marston, pp. 168–69; P. Mantoux, vol. 1, pp. xiii–xvii.

7. PWW, vol. 59, pp. 419–20; Riddell, Intimate Diary, p. 55; P. Mantoux, vol. 2, p. 358; Aldrovandi Marescotti,
Nuovi ricordi,
p. 53; D. Lloyd George,
Truth About the Peace
Treaties,
vol. 1, p. 228.

8. P. Mantoux, vol. 1, pp. 80–99; vol. 2, pp. 193–203; Yale University Library, Auchincloss diary, 31.3.19; Library of Congress, Baker notebooks, 31.3.19; PWW, vol. 56, p. 436; National Archives of Canada, Borden Papers, C1864, diary 31.3.19; F. Stevenson, p. 267; Poincaré, p. 292; Riddell,
Intimate Diary,
pp. 40–41; Noble, pp. 316–22.

9. F. Lloyd George, p. 165; Riddell,
Intimate Diary,
pp. 168–69.

10. PWW, vol. 58, p. 276; vol. 60, p. 197; vol. 61, p. 112, n. 1; Library of Congress, Baker notebooks, 17.5.19; Hecksher, pp. 555–56.

11. Walworth,
Wilson and His Peacemakers,
p. 390; Marston, pp. 182–83, 185–86; Hankey, pp. 134–38, 143–44.

12. Library of Congress, Baker notebooks, 17.5.19; Marks,
Innocent Abroad,
pp. 197–99.

13. Marks,
Innocent Abroad,
pp. 170–77.

14. PWW, vol. 59, p. 247; Riddell,
Intimate Diary,
p. 43; House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George Papers, F 3/4/21, Hardinge to Balfour, 4.4.19.

15. Marks,
Innocent Abroad,
pp. 93–95; PWW, vol. 61, p. 375.

16. Marks,
Innocent Abroad,
pp. 9–11, 149–51.

17. Ibid., pp. 144–46; Temperley, vol. 2, pp. 190–91; Nelson, pp. 312–18.

18. P. Mantoux, vol. 1, pp. 135–38; Marks, Innocent Abroad, pp. 183–205.

CHAPTER 22: ITALY LEAVES

1. F. Stevenson, pp. 181–82; Roskill, vol. 2, p. 8; Churchill College, Hankey Papers, 3/25, letter to wife, 23.4.19; Scott, p. 386.

2. Yale University Library, Auchincloss diary, 13.5.19; H. Nicolson,
Curzon,
p. 106, n. 1.

3. Albrecht-Carrié, p. 82; Vivarelli, vol. 1, pp. 382–83.

4. D. Lloyd George,
Truth About the Peace Treaties,
vol. 1, p. 253; vol. 2, p. 819; Yale University Library, Auchincloss diary, 15.4.19; 003–0031, House to Wilson, 27.2.19.

5. D. Lloyd George,
Truth About the Peace Treaties,
vol. 1, p. 253; Sforza, ‘Sonnino', p. 724; Saladino, p. 623; Aldrovandi Marescotti,
Guerra diplomatica,
p. 369.

6. Mordacq,
Le ministère Clemenceau,
vol. 3, p. 277, n. 1; Vivarelli, vol. 1, pp. 84–85.

7. FRUS, vol. 1, pp. 422–23.

8. British Library, Balfour Papers, 49734/186–192; 49744/123–128, Derby to Balfour, 15.11.18; Duroselle, pp. 782–84; Repington, p. 13.

9. D. Lloyd George,
Truth About the Peace Treaties,
vol. 2, pp. 768–69; British Library, Balfour Papers, 49744/161–3, Derby to Balfour, 21.11.18.

10. Lloyd George,
Truth About the Peace Treaties,
vol. 2, p. 794; Bonsal,
Suitors and Suppliants,
p. 117.

11. Vivarelli, vol. 1, p. 386; Lederer, pp. 71–75.

12. See Zivojinovic, chapters 8–10; FRUS, vols. 1, pp. 475–87.

13. Baerlein, vol. 1, p. 87; vol. 2, pp. 49, 75, 80, 141; Zivojinovic, pp. 230–31.

14. FRUS, vol. 1, pp. 472–73; Mamatey, p. 315; Aldrovandi Marescotti,
Guerra diplomatica,
p. 250.

15. Ministère de la Défense, Clemenceau Papers, 6N72, minutes of a meeting of the allies, 2.12.18; Zivojinovic, p. 275, n. 26.

16. Library of Congress, Beer diary 30.3.19; Albrecht-Carrié, pp. 80, 90–94; P. Mantoux, vol. 1, p. 293; Bonsal,
Suitors and Suppliants,
p. 102.

17. Mamatey, pp. 199, 361–62; Yale University Library, House diary, 15.11.18; Vivarelli, vol. 1, pp. 398–99; Orlando, p. 388.

18. Baker,
Life and Letters,
vol. 7, p. 513; British Library, Balfour Papers, 49744/217–219, Derby to Balfour, 22.12.18.

19. PWW, vol. 53, p. 621; vol. 54, p. 50; Vivarelli, vol. 1, p. 386, n. 107; Library of Congress, Baker notebooks, 19.5.19.

20. Lovin, p. 27.

21. Hunter Miller,
My Diary,
vol. 1, p. 55; Lovin, pp. 33–34; Seton-Watson,
Italy,
p. 532, n. 1; Orlando, p. 387.

22. Headlam-Morley, p. 16; Rodd, vol. 3, p. 377; Mamatey, p. 118; Steed, vol. 2, p. 273.

23. Orlando, p. 356; D. Lloyd George,
Truth About the Peace Treaties,
vol. 2, p. 806.

24. Mordacq,
Le ministère Clemenceau,
vol. 3, pp. 30, 277, n. 1; Clemenceau, p. 140; Orlando, p. 360.

25. Duroselle, pp. 787–88; Orlando, p. 370.

26. Albrecht-Carrié, pp. 370–87.

27. Hess, pp. 105–26.

28. Seton-Watson,
Italy,
p. 534; Bodleian Library, Milner Papers, 389, meeting of Colonial Committee, 15.5.19, 19.5.19; Milner to Lloyd George, 16 May 1919.

29. Temperley, vol. 4, pp. 281, 283; Albrecht-Carrié, pp. 81, 85, 375; Yale University Library, House diary, 10.3.19; Baker,
Woodrow Wilson and World Settlement,
vol. 2, p. 146; Library of Congress, Baker Papers, notebook, 28.5.19; Alcock, pp. 71–73, 79–81.

30. Albrecht-Carrié, p. 379; FRUS, vol. 1, p. 478.

31. Zivojinovic, p. 231, n. 49; chapter 9; Hoover, p. 106.

32. Albrecht-Carrié, pp. 107–8; Steed, vol. 2, pp. 280–81, Yale University Library, House Papers, series III, box 201, 2/566.

33. Mordacq,
Le ministère Clemenceau,
vol. 3, p. 172; Orlando, pp. 482–83.

34. Ministère de la Défense, Clemenceau Papers, 6N75, copy of a treaty, 13.6.19; Orlando, pp. 386–87; House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George Papers, F/23/4/22, Hankey to Lloyd George, 23 February 1919.

35. British Library, Balfour Papers, 49752 (vol. 2), “The Problem of Italy and Turkey in Anatolia,” 16 May 1919; Yale University Library, House Papers, series III, box 201, 2/567; Mayer, pp. 219–20.

36. Baerlein, vol. 1, p. 62.

37. Ledeen, p. 28; FRUS, vol. 1, pp. 449, 462.

38. Baker,
Woodrow Wilson and World Settlement,
vol. 2, p. 135; Yale University Library, House diary, 3.4.19; House,
Intimate Papers,
vol. 4, p. 441.

39. Woodhouse, p. 321; Mayer, p. 222.

40. Albrecht-Carrié, p. 116; Vivarelli, vol. 1, p. 391, n. 120.

41. Aldrovandi Marescotti, Guerra diplomatica, p. 214; P. Mantoux, vol. 1, pp. 243–44; Yale University Library, House diary, 15.4.19.

42. Bonsal,
Suitors and Suppliants,
pp. 101, 117.

43. Albrecht-Carrié, p. 129; Library of Congress, Baker notebooks, 7.4.19.

44. Yale University Library, House diary, 15.4.19; Albrecht-Carrié, pp. 126–28, 445–47; Aldrovandi Marescotti,
Guerra diplomatica,
p. 215.

45. Seton-Watson, Italy, p. 532, n. 3; P. Mantoux, vol. 1, p. 288; Aldrovandi Marescotti,
Guerra diplomatica,
pp. 247–48.

46. Albrecht-Carrié, pp. 464–65; P. Mantoux, vol. 1, p. 295.

47. P. Mantoux, vol. 1, p. 301; Albrecht-Carrié, p. 479; Mayer, pp. 687–88.

48. P. Mantoux, vol. 1, pp. 290–312; Albrecht-Carrié, pp. 160–62; Hankey, pp. 125–26.

49. P. Mantoux, vol. 1, p. 306.

50. Aldrovandi Marescotti,
Guerra diplomatica,
pp. 239, 250, 255, 257, 262.

51. Library of Congress, Baker notebooks, 25.4.19; Baker,
Woodrow Wilson and World Settlement,
vol. 2, p. 129.

52. P. Mantoux, vol. 1, pp. 308, 315–7; Riddell, Intimate Diary, p. 56.

53. Aldrovandi Marescotti,
Guerra diplomatica,
pp. 257–65; Mordacq,
Le ministère Clemenceau,
vol. 3, p. 231; Riddell,
Intimate Diary,
p. 56.

54. Steed, vol. 2, p. 329; Mayer, pp. 701–2; Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, Série à Paix, vol. 317, report from the French consul in Turin, 28.4.19; Baerlein, vol. 1, p. 138.

55. Scottish Record Office, Lothian Papers, 66, 6–15; Mayer, pp. 707–8, 710–11; Woodhouse, p. 319.

56. C. T. Thompson, pp. 335, 342; Seton-Watson, Italy, p. 532, n. 2.

57. University Microfilms International, Sonnino Papers, reel 40, 479, 486, 488; Albrecht-Carrié, pp. 153–55.

58. Seymour, p. 266.

59. Library of Congress, Baker notebooks, 30.5.19; Aldrovandi Marescotti,
Guerra diplomatica,
p. 357; Albrecht-Carrié, p. 168.

60. Library of Congress, Baker notebooks, 19.5.19; Aldrovandi Marescotti,
Nuovi ricordi,
pp. 100, 106; Seton-Watson,
Italy,
p. 539; Orlando, p. 484; Baerlein, vol. 1, p. 139; House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George Papers, 56/2/27, Rodd to Lloyd George, 6.5.19.

61. Albrecht-Carrié, pp. 167–73; Seton-Watson,
Italy,
p. 533; Aldrovandi Marescotti,
Nuovi ricordi,
p. 33.

62. Orlando, pp. 482–83; See Bodleian Library, Milner Papers, 46/2, Rodd to Milner, 30.6.19; Seton-Watson,
Italy,
p. 535.

63. Ledeen, pp. 102–3, 148–49; Woodhouse, p. 341.

64. Ledeen, pp. 145–46.

65. Ibid., pp. 88, 95–97; Seton-Watson,
Italy,
pp. 546–47.

66. Ledeen, p. 108.

67. Tillman, pp. 382–83; F. Stevenson, p. 192.

68. Temperley, vol. 4, pp. 329–30.

69. Seton-Watson,
Italy,
p. 582.

70. Woodhouse, pp. 371, 379.

71. Rodd, p. 384.

CHAPTER 23: JAPAN AND RACIAL EQUALITY

1. Bonsal,
Suitors and Suppliants,
p. 239.

2. Nish,
Japanese Foreign Policy,
pp. 4–5.

3. Aldrovandi Marescotti,
Guerra diplomatica,
p. 337.

4. Temperley, vol. 1, p. 259; Seymour, pp. 177–78; Baker,
What Wilson Did,
p. 73.

5. House,
Intimate Papers,
vol. 4, p. 304; Curry, p. 251; Nish,
Japanese Foreign Policy,
p. 117; Nish,
Alliance in Decline,
p. 267.

6. Connors, pp. 60–61.

7. Bonsal,
Suitors and Suppliants,
pp. 231–32.

8. Ibid., p. 233.

9. Kumao pp. 24–25; Connors, p. 3.

10. Kumao, pp. 24–25; Connors, p. 3.

11. Clemenceau, p. 140; Kumao, pp. 26, 40.

12. Kumao, pp. 23–4, 26, 38, 63.

13.
Cambridge History of Japan,
vol. 6, pp. 386, 433; Connors, pp. 14–16.

14. Hunter, p. 119.

15. Duus, p. 134.

16. Connors, pp. 15, 18–19, 22, 109–10.

17. Yamagata Aritomo, quoted in Nish,
Alliance in Decline,
p. 255; Nish,
Alliance in Decline,
pp. 127–31;
Cambridge History of Japan,
vol. 6, p. 279.

18. Curry, p. 197; Nish,
Alliance in Decline,
pp. 258–59.

19. Nish,
Japanese Foreign Policy,
p. 282; Chi,
China Diplomacy,
p. 86; Dingman, p. 57; Nish,
Alliance in Decline,
p. 217.

20. La Fargue, p. 46.

21. Dingman, p. 76.

22. Ibid., p. 43.

23. Neu, pp. 127–29, 131–32; Chi, “Ts'ao Ju-lin,” p. 103; M. D. Kennedy, pp. 41, 44; Dingman, p. 58.

24. Nish,
Alliance in Decline,
pp. 196, 227, n. 48, 232; Fifield,
Woodrow Wilson and the Far
East,
p. 111; FRUS, vol. 3, p. 506.

25. Nish,
Alliance in Decline,
p. 267.

26. Fifield,
Woodrow Wilson and the Far East,
p. 141, 191; Nish,
Alliance in Decline,
p. 267; Curry, pp. 131–32, 137–38; Beers, p. 70; Hunter Miller,
My Diary,
vol. 1, p. 100.

27. FRUS, vol. 3, pp. 739–40; Geddes, pp. 32–37; P. Mantoux, vol. 1, p. 312.

28. Fifield, “Disposal of the Carolines,” pp. 472–79.

29. Nish,
Alliance in Decline,
p. 172; Lauren, pp. 260–61.

30. FRUS, vol. 1, p. 494; Kawamura, pp. 51–52.

31. Yale University Library, House diary, 4.2.19; Scottish Record Office, Lothian Papers, 37–40, notes dictated on Monday 10 February, 1919; Hunter Miller,
Drafting of the
Covenant,
vol. 1, pp. 183–84; Bonsal,
Unfinished Business,
p. 33.

32. Hunter Miller,
Drafting of the Covenant,
vol. 2, pp. 323–25; Bonsal,
Unfinished Business,
p. 33; FRUS, vol. 3, pp. 224–25.

33. Lauren, p. 268; PWW, vol. 55, p. 489; Scottish Record Office, Lothian Papers, 37–40, notes dictated on Monday 10 February, 1919; D. Lloyd George,
Truth About the Peace
Treaties,
vol. 1, pp. 636.

34. Hunter Miller,
Drafting of the Covenant,
vol. 1, p. 336; Hunter Miller,
My Diary,
vol. 1, p. 100; Link,
Wilson: The New Freedom,
pp. 243–54.