Queen Anne: The Politics of Passion (103 page)

Anne in the House of Lords. The Queen gave a speech from the throne at the opening of parliamentary sessions.

The bloody battle of Malplaquet which, though an allied victory, increased war-weariness in England.

Satirical 1713 print of Bolingbroke dictating business relating to the Treaty of Utrecht. A winged demon whispers advice in Bolingbroke’s ear. The picture on the wall behind depicts Bolingbroke writing letters using his mistress’s naked rump as a desk.

Queen Anne and the Knights of the Garter. Ceremony held at Kensington Palace 4 August 1713.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Firstly I should like to thank her Majesty the Queen for gracious permission to work in the Royal Archives at Windsor. I am also grateful for the assistance of Miss Pamela Clark, Registrar of the Royal Archives, and Miss Allison Derrett, Assistant Registrar.

I owe thanks to Dr Claudia Kauertz and Denia Kalinowsky of the Niedersächsisches Staatsarchiv in Hanover, and for the grant of permission from the Staatsarchiv to use extracts from the correspondence of the Hanoverian Resident C. F. von Kreienberg, kept at the History of Parliament Trust in London. The History of Parliament Trust kindly permitted me, in addition, to consult their collection on microfilm of the despatches of Friedrich Bonet, Prussian Resident at the court of Queen Anne. Dr Paul Seaward, Director of the History of Parliament Trust, and Shirley MacQuire were very helpful while I was working at the Trust. Quotations from the Portland Papers at Longleat House are included by permission of the Marquess of Bath, and I am grateful to the Earl of Dartmouth for permission to quote from the Cabinet Minutes of Queen Anne’s Secretary of State Lord Dartmouth, stored in the Staffordshire County Record Office. Bettina Smith, of the photographic department of the Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington D.C., ably assisted me to obtain copies of documents in their collection; I am also grateful to the Pierpoint Morgan Library, New York, for permitting me to work there while I was in New York, and for granting permission to quote from a letter of Queen Anne’s in their collection. In addition I would like to thank the staff of the British Library, Cambridge University Library, Dr Williams’s Library, the Institute of Historical Research, Lambeth Palace Library, the London Library and the National Archives for helping me in so many ways while I was researching this book.

I am particularly thankful to Dr Robert Bucholz for generously agreeing to read the typescript of this book, and for offering valuable comments and corrections. If mistakes remain, it is of course entirely my own fault. I owe another great debt to John Jolliffe, who, many years ago,
suggested that Queen Anne would be a good subject for a biography. Thanks too for the research assistance provided by Angelica von Hase, who translated works in German for me. Other individuals who helped me while I was working on this book include Simon Chaplin, Curator of the Hunterian Museum, Lady Antonia Fraser, Flora Fraser, Rebecca Fraser, Dr Christopher Gardner-Thorpe, Amber Guinness, Philip Mansel, the Duke of Marlborough, and Geoffrey Parton.

My editor at HarperPress, Arabella Pike, has been wonderfully supportive throughout the project. Further editorial assistance was provided by Sophie Ezra and Katharine Reeve, for which I am likewise grateful. Ed Victor, my literary agent, has, as ever, been a source of unfailing encouragement. I count myself very fortunate that Douglas Matthews agreed to compile the index.

ENDNOTES

ABBREVIATIONS

Add – Additional Manuscripts in the British Library

BC – Bolingbroke Correspondence

BL – British Library

CB – Curtis Brown

Cal Dom – Calendar of Domestic State Papers

Cal Ven – Calendar of State Papers relating to English affairs … in the Archives … of Venice

Corresp. – Correspondence

DNB – Dictionary of National Biography

DWL – Dr Williams’s Library, London

EHR – English Historical Review

HLQ – Huntington Library Quarterly

HMC – Historical Manuscripts Commission

HPT – History of Parliament Trust, London

MGC – Marlborough–Godolphin Correspondence

ODNB – Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

PC – Private Correspondence of Sarah Duchess of Marlborough

POAS – Poems on Affairs of State

PRO – Public Record Office papers in the National Archives, Kew

RA – Royal Archives, Windsor Castle

Parlt Hist – Parliamentary History

Swift
JS
– Journal to Stella

Chapter 1: But a Daughter

1 Hartmann, 144.

2 Pepys I, 260–261.

3 Gramont, 159, 103; Zee, 17; Burnet I, 302–303; BL Add 18740 f 1.

4 Clarendon
Life
I, 374, 377; Clarke
Life
I, 387–388; BL Add 18740 ff 1–3.

5 Clarendon
Life
I, 378–379.

6 Ibid. 383; Pepys I, 315, IV, 138; Gramont, 161; PRO 31/3/108 f 40; PRO 31/3/107 f 200v.

7 Clarendon
Life
I, 389; PRO 31/3/108 f 1.

8 Cal Ven XXXII, 237; PRO 31/3/108 f 40; Clarendon
Life
I, 384.

9 Cal Ven XXXII, 228; Clarendon
Life
I, 384; PRO 31/3/109 ff 30–31; Burnet I, 302–303.

10 PRO 31/3/108 f 77; f 123; ff 120–121v; f 59.

11 Evelyn III, 264; PRO 31/3/109 f 9; Clarendon
Life
I, 402; Cal Ven XXXII, 269.

12 Bodemann
Sophie … Bruder
, 362; Spanheim, 761; Baxter William, 129, Zee, 94; Cal Ven XXXVI, 80.

13 Burnet I, 307, 568; Magalotti, 37.

14 PRO 31/3/109 f 22v; PRO 31/3/109 f 45; Pepys IX, 469; ibid. 48; Burnet I, 416.

15 Gramont, 164, 170; Burnet I, 304; Pepys IV, 138; ibid. VIII, 8; ibid. IX, 154; Burnet I, 419.

16 Gramont, 277; Magalotti, 37.

17 Cal Ven XXXII, 393; Pepys II, 95; Clarendon State Papers V, 79–80.

18 Pepys III, 75; Cal Ven XXXIII, 256.

19
Notes and Queries
, series XI, v (1912), 508; Chamberlayne, 1669 edn, 325; Clarendon State Papers V, 508.

20 BL Add 61415 f 77; Bentinck, 61.

21 Pepys V, 268; Clarke
Life
II, 159; Buckingham II, 69; Clarendon Corresp. II, 200–201.

22 Burnet II, 3; Clarendon Corresp. II, 191, 199.

23 Buckingham II, 49.

24 Pepys VIII, 214; Cal Ven XXXV, 187.

25 Pepys VIII, 431.

26 Ailesbury I, 346; CB, 22; Clarendon Corresp. II, 238.

27 Pepys VIII, 436; Cal Ven XXXVII, 63.

28 Boyer
Life and Reign
2; Oxford English Dictionary –
defluxion
; Emson, 1365; Montpensier IV, 154; Cal Ven XXXII, 237; Cal Dom Charles II, 1667–1668, 476; Boyer
Life and Reign
, 2.

29 Montpensier IV, 154–155; Swift
Prose Works
VIII, 110–111; Sarah, 242, 240.

30 Cal Dom Charles II, 1670, 301; ibid. 350; Cal Ven XXXVI, 244.

31 Boyer,
Life and Reign
2; Coke III, 117; Lane Furdell, 232–23; Bathurst, 178, 193; Dalrymple III, pt ii, 83, 85; Bentinck, 61.

32 Sarah, 230; CB, 10.

33 Cal Ven XXXVII, 34; Burnet I, 417–418.

34 Clarke I, 440; Kennett III, 320; Clarke I, 452; PRO 31/3/172 f 155v.

35 Burnet I, 565; Clarke I, 452; BL Egerton 1533 f 62v.

36 Burnet I, 568; Godolphin
Life
, 12.

37 Godolphin
Life
, 12; Clarke
Life
I, 452–453; Godolphin ibid. xvii, 12; F. Harris
Transformations
, 125.

38 Clarke
Life
II, 631.

39 Sarah, 18; CB, 6; CB, 10; Add 61414 f 127; Add 61414 f 45.

40 BL Egerton 1533 f 62v; Burnet II, 6.

41 T. Harris
Revolution
, 20; Miller
Popery
133; ibid. 75; Schwoerer
Rachel Russell
, 87.

42 Miller
Popery
, 150; Harris,
Restoration
, 153; Cal Ven XXXVIII, 316; Clarke
Life
I, 549.

43 Cal Ven XXXVII, 79; ibid. XXXVI, 71.

44 Robb II, 90; Macky
Journey
, 80; Sarah, 21.

45 Fraser
Weaker Vessel
, 122; F. Harris
Transformations
, 66; Schwoerer
Women and Revolution
, 197; Faderman, 86; Add 61421 f 111.

46 Makin, 22, 24.

47 Reresby, 40; PRO 31/3/109 ff 12v, 22v; Fraser
Weaker Vessel
, 322.

48 Add 61415 f 151; Add 61415 ff 89, 125.

49 Coke II, 480; Add 38,863 ff 6–6v; Gramont, 171.

50 Sarah
Characters
, 229–230; Spanheim, 765; Morrice (DWL) Q, 11; Luttrell II, 172; Add 30000 A f 243.

51
Familiar Letters
, 164; CB, 28; Bathurst, 29, 64; Lewis, 55.

52 Morrice (DWL) Q, f 368;
Familiar Letters
, 161–162.

53 E. Hamilton, 31; Bathurst, 111–112; Gerard Langbaine
Account of English Dramatic Poets
(1691), 324; Lee II, 15; ibid. 91.

54 Sarah, 231.

55 Coke III, 482; HMC Finch IV, 452; Evelyn IV, 499; Pepys II, 26; Evelyn IV, 364.

56 Halifax II, 373.

57 Add 61416 ff 195–195v.

58 Burnet IV, 451–452; Sarah, 235.

59 Clarke
Life
I, 502–503.

60 Carpenter
Compton
15; ibid. 30; Clarke
Life
I, 502–503.

61 Morrice (DWL) P, 609; Carpenter, 69, 74; Morrice ibid. 602; Coke III, 117.

62 Burnet II, 90–91; Carpenter, 54; Morrice (DWL) Q, 368; Bentinck, 57; CB, 32; Burnet III, 195.

63 Chamberlayne (1700 edn), 108; Burnet III, 195; Add 61414 f 104.

64 CB, 16.

65 Cal Ven XXXVII, 38; ibid. XXXVIII, 117.

66 Ibid. XXXVIII, 50; Strickland IV, 539–550.

67 Burnet II, 43; Toynbee, 91; Cal Dom Charles II, Nov. 1673–Feb. 1675, 149; F. Harris
Transformations
, 195.

68 Haile, 59; Haile, 72; ibid. 100; Strickland IV, 601.

69 Cal Ven XXXVIII, 232.

70 Zee, 99; Strickland IV, 557–558.

71 Godolphin
Life
, 232; Sarah, 230; Burnet V, 2n.

72 Walkling, 28–29; Evelyn IV, 50; Crowne I, 234–235.

73 Crowne I, 268, 270.

74 Pepys IV, 1; F. Harris
Sarah
, 17; Bathurst, 51; Add 61414 f 11; Bathurst, 38; HMC Rutland II, 49–50; Harris
Sarah
, 25.

75 Bathurst, 135; ibid. 154–155; Add 61426 f 109.

76 Add 61414 f 169; Sarah
Conduct
, 7; Bathurst, 64.

77 Bathurst, 49; ibid. 44; 58; 60.

78 Ibid. 51; 54–55.

79 Ibid. 135.

80 Ibid. 111–112; CB, 7; Bathurst, 137–139.

81 Foxcroft
Burnet Supplement
, 194–195.

82 E. Hamilton, 40.

83 Lake, 5.

84 Haile, 64; Lake, 6.

85 Hatton Corresp. I, 154–155; Lake, 9–10; Grovestins III, 83.

86 Lake, 7–8; Waller
Daughters
, 328.

87 Lake, 9.

88 Lake, 10; HMC Rutland II, 42.

89 Lake, 6–7; HMC Rutland II, 42– 43; Lake, 14–15; Haile, 183; Lake, 14; HMC Rutland II, 43.